Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eleonora Napoli, Alexios A. Panoutsopoulos, Patricia Kysar, Nathaniel Satriya, Kira Sterling, Bradley Shibata, Denise Imai, David N. Ruskin, Konstantinos S. Zarbalis, Cecilia Giulivi
Summary: Autophagy is crucial for cell function, recycling intracellular components during starvation and eliminating spent organelles and proteins. Wdfy3 is a scaffold protein linked to intellectual disability, neurodevelopment delay, and autism spectrum disorder, and its haploinsufficiency in mice results in decreased mitophagy and affects synaptic function and glycogen synthesis.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Rune Hokken, Simon Laugesen, Per Aagaard, Charlotte Suetta, Ulrik Frandsen, Niels Ortenblad, Joachim Nielsen
Summary: The study found that heavy weightlifting exercise results in substantial glycogen utilization from all three subcellular localizations in type 2 fibers, while primarily depleting intermyofibrillar glycogen stores in type 1 fibers. Therefore, a better understanding of the impact of resistance training on myocellular metabolism and performance requires focusing on compartmentalized glycogen utilization.
Article
Physiology
Rasmus Jensen, Niels Ortenblad, Marie-Louise H. Stausholm, Mette C. Skjaerbaek, Daniel N. Larsen, Mette Hansen, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Peter Plomgaard, Joachim Nielsen
Summary: The study found that glycogen supercompensation can be achieved by increasing the number of glycogen particles while keeping them at submaximal sizes. Supercompensation mainly targets type I muscle fibers, especially in the subsarcolemmal pool, by increasing the numerical density of existing glycogen particles rather than their size.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Barbara Cisterna, Federico Boschi, Maria Assunta Lacavalla, Gaetano Nicola Alfio Vattemi, Carlo Zancanaro, Manuela Malatesta
Summary: This study investigated the effect of adapted physical training on muscle characteristics in a mouse model of Down syndrome. The results showed that exercise can remodel the extracellular matrix and improve muscle performance.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ayana Ghosh, Bobby G. Sumpter, Ondrej Dyck, Sergei V. Kalinin, Maxim Ziatdinov
Summary: The article explores the reproducibility of deep learning for feature extraction in atom-resolved electron microscopy and introduces workflows based on ensemble learning and iterative training to greatly improve feature detection.
NPJ COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jin-Hu Dou, Maxx Q. Arguilla, Yi Luo, Jian Li, Weizhe Zhang, Lei Sun, Jenna L. Mancuso, Luming Yang, Tianyang Chen, Lucas R. Parent, Grigorii Skorupskii, Nicole J. Libretto, Chenyue Sun, Min Chieh Yang, Phat Vinh Dip, Edward J. Brignole, Jeffrey T. Miller, Jing Kong, Christopher H. Hendon, Junliang Sun, Mircea Dinca
Summary: Researchers have successfully grown single crystals of 2D metal-organic frameworks up to 200 µm in size by balancing in-plane and out-of-plane interactions, revealing anisotropic transport and a clear correlation between conductivity and the nature of the metal cation in the sheets.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaarit Adamovich, Vaishnavi Dandavate, Saar Ezagouri, Gal Manella, Ziv Zwighaft, Jonathan Sobel, Yael Kuperman, Marina Golik, Asher Auerbach, Maxim Itkin, Sergey Malitsky, Gad Asher
Summary: The study showed that circadian clocks and clock proteins influence mouse exercise capacity, with effects on liver glycogen levels and muscle lipid utilization playing a key role. Training at different times of the day also showed varying effects on exercise performance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziyi Wang, Xiaobo Min, Zhenxia Hu, Mitchell A. Sullivan, Yong Tang, Liang Wang, Robert G. Gilbert, Chen Shi, Bin Deng
Summary: Liver glycogen from diabetic individuals is more fragile than that from non-diabetic individuals, which may contribute to blood-sugar imbalance. Proteomic analysis identified three candidate proteins potentially involved in the binding mechanism of alpha particles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Lauren E. Skelly, Martin J. MacInnis, William Bostad, Devin G. McCarthy, Elizabeth M. Jenkins, Linda R. Archila, Mark A. Tarnopolsky, Martin J. Gibala
Summary: There is renewed interest in comparing the effects of interval (INT) training and continuous (CONT) training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial content. In this study, short-term CONT training increased mitochondrial content while INT training did not, despite identical absolute workload and intensity. These findings suggest that the pattern of exercise may influence the response of muscle mitochondria.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Chiara Rita Inguscio, Maria Assunta Lacavalla, Barbara Cisterna, Carlo Zancanaro, Manuela Malatesta
Summary: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetically-based disease characterized by intellectual disability and pathological traits such as early aging and altered motor coordination. This study used the Ts65Dn mouse model to investigate the ultrastructural architecture of the medullary motor neuron cell nucleus and found that adapted physical training can stimulate transcription and processing activity in motor neuron nuclei of trisomic mice. These findings contribute to our understanding of the positive effects of physical activity in DS.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zonglin Li, Mingxin Xie, Guozheng Nie, Junhui Wang, Lujun Huang
Summary: In this study, we developed an optical biosensor based on an all-dielectric metasurface with broken symmetry. The biosensor exhibited excellent performance, thanks to the high-Q quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs) and the efficient field confinement. It has potential applications in extreme biochemical sensing, such as COVID-19 detection at ultralow concentrations.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Lyubov A. Suldina, Anastasiya E. Sorokina, Ksenia N. Morozova
Summary: This study investigated the ultrastructure and morphological features of rat pluripotent stem cells, revealing their typical characteristics of pluripotent cells and marked differences among cell lines. The morphological heterogeneity of mitochondrial populations in rat pluripotent stem cells was noted, with three distinct types of mitochondria identified. This provides important insights for future research on these cells.
CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manuel Belli, Maria Grazia Palmerini, Serena Bianchi, Sara Bernardi, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Stefania Annarita Nottola, Guido Macchiarelli
Summary: Infertility affects around 8% of couples with a slight change in percentage in the last years. Despite significant efforts in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs), oocyte quality remains crucial for success. Understanding the role of mitochondria in oocyte maturation and embryo development is essential for progress in ARTs. Mitochondrial defects can lead to low fertilization rates and embryonic development failure, highlighting the importance of mitochondria as a marker of oocyte and embryo quality.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Lee M. Margolis, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Emily E. Howard
Summary: Ketogenic diets and ketone supplements result in different changes in substrate metabolism, with supplements having a stronger ketosis effect. Ketogenic diets increase fat oxidation and accumulate ketone bodies as fuel, while supplements rapidly increase ketone body concentrations and inhibit fatty acid mobilization during aerobic exercise.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda, Rodrigo Fernandez-Verdejo, Mauro Tunon-Suarez, Jorge Morales-Zuniga, Mayarling Troncoso, Sebastian Jannas-Vela, Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
Summary: Measurement of mitochondria-SR juxtaposition depends on the experience of the rater, and Mfn2 protein seems to play a role in the metabolic control of human men skeletal muscle.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Widemar Ferraz da Silva, Joao Paulo Lopes-Silva, Leandro Jose Camati Felippe, Guilherme Assuncao Ferreira, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Marcos David Silva-Cavalcante
Summary: This study reviewed the effects of caffeine mouth rinsing on physical and cognitive performance. It found that caffeine mouth rinse can improve cognitive performance, but the effects on physical performance are more uncertain.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alisson H. Marinho, Jaqueline S. Goncalves, Palloma K. Araujo, Adriano E. Lima-Silva, Thays Ataide-Silva, Gustavo G. de Araujo
Summary: This study reviewed the effects of caffeine and creatine on exercise performance and found that ingesting caffeine after creatine loading can provide additional benefits, while ingesting caffeine during creatine loading does not seem to have apparent benefits.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Izaura Gabrielly Rodrigues Oliveira-Silva, Maryssa Pontes Pinto dos Santos, Sara Kely Learsi da Silva Santos Alves, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Gustavo Gomes de Araujo, Thays Ataide-Silva
Summary: This systematic review with meta-analysis examined the impact of carbohydrate mouth rinse on muscle strength and endurance. The results showed that carbohydrate mouth rinse had no significant effect on maximal strength, but had a positive effect on muscular endurance. The study also found that carbohydrate mouth rinse was more beneficial for muscular endurance when using high workloads, multiple exercises, and a smaller number of rinses.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Vinicius Ferreira Dos Santos Andrade, Luana Loss Cabral, Caroline Kemela Da Silva, John Jairo Villarejo Mayor, Andre Luiz Felix Rodacki, Adriano E. Lima-Silva, Gleber Pereira
Summary: This study compared the development of central and peripheral fatigue between Sprint and Olympic distance triathlons. The results showed that peripheral fatigue persisted until after cycling in both distances, while it fully recovered after running in the Olympic triathlon but only partially in the Sprint triathlon. Central fatigue started after cycling and continued until after running in both distances.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Amanda J. Genders, Jujiao Kuang, Nicholas J. Saner, Javier Botella, David J. Bishop
Summary: Exercise training can increase mitochondrial content and respiration, but high-intensity exercise may be limited by mild acidosis. This study aimed to determine the effects of administering ammonium chloride before each exercise session on mitochondrial content and respiration in rats. The results showed that ammonium chloride administration reduced the exercise-induced increase in mitochondrial respiration in the soleus muscle but did not alter mitochondrial content. These effects were not observed in the white gastrocnemius muscle.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maryssa P. Pinto Dos Santos, Higor Spineli, Bruna P. Dos Santos, Adriano E. Lima-Silva, Daniel L. G. Gitai, David J. Bishop, Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
Summary: This study investigated the influence of different genotypes of ADORA2A and CYP1A2, alone or in combination, on the ergogenic effects of caffeine on physical performance in male adolescent athletes. The results showed that acute caffeine intake of 6 mg/kg improved aspects of physical performance independent of genotypes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Knut T. T. Schneiker, Jackson J. J. Fyfe, Shaun Y. M. Teo, David J. J. Bishop
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of contrast training (CST) and progressive resistance training (PRT) on strength and power-related measures in subelite Australian Rules Football players. The results showed that both CST and PRT significantly improved strength and power performance, with CST having a greater effect on vertical jump height and PRT increasing body mass. The study suggests that contrast training is an effective alternative to progressive resistance training in young, male, team-sport athletes, particularly those with a lower power-to-strength ratio, during relatively short-term (6-8 weeks) training periods.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Shane F. O'Riordan, David J. Bishop, Shona L. Halson, James R. Broatch
Summary: Sports compression garments can alter peripheral blood flow, improving venous blood flow at rest, during and in recovery from a physiological challenge, while changes in arterial blood flow are only evident during a physiological challenge.
Article
Physiology
Claire Thomas, Remi Delfour-Peyrethon, Karen Lambert, Cesare Granata, Thomas Hobbs, Christine Hanon, David J. J. Bishop
Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-exercise alkalosis, induced via ingestion of sodium bicarbonate, on changes to lactate/pH regulatory proteins and mitochondrial function induced by a sprint-interval exercise session in humans. The results showed that ingestion of sodium bicarbonate increased blood bicarbonate and pH levels after exercise, and led to increases in lactate/pH regulatory proteins. Additionally, mitochondrial respiration was found to decrease after 24 hours of recovery in the sodium bicarbonate condition.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Xiquan Weng, Chaoge Wang, Yu Yuan, Zhenhuan Wang, Jujiao Kuang, Xu Yan, Hao Chen
Summary: The study investigated the effects of exercise and cold exposure on insulin sensitivity and serum free fatty acid levels in diet-induced obese rats. The results showed that both exercise and cold exposure independently reduced insulin resistance. Exercise reduced serum free fatty acids, while cold exposure had no effect. There was a positive correlation between insulin resistance and serum free fatty acid levels. The combination of exercise and cold exposure reduced subcutaneous and visceral fat ratios. Additionally, exercise and cold exposure increased protein expression related to fatty acid uptake and oxidation in muscle.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Samara Silva de Moura, Francisco de Assis Dias Martins-Junior, Emerson Cruz de Oliveira, Daniel Barbosa Coelho, Daniel Boari, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Daisy Motta-Santos, Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos, Lenice Kappes Becker
Summary: Supplementation with HP beta CD-Ang-(1-7) did not improve physical performance in time trial or repeated sprints, but it promoted the maintenance of plasma glucose and lactate levels after the sprint protocol and at rest, respectively. In addition, HP beta CD-Ang-(1-7) also increased resting plasma nitrite levels and reduced diastolic blood pressure in the time trial protocol.
PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
James R. Broatch, Navabeh Zarekookandeh, Rebecca Glarin, Myrte Strik, Leigh A. Johnston, Bradford A. Moffat, Laura J. Bird, Kate Gunningham, Leonid Churilov, Hannah T. Johns, Christopher D. Askew, Itamar Levinger, Shane F. O'Riordan, David J. Bishop, Amy Brodtmann
Summary: This study aims to determine the effect of different doses of aerobic exercise training on markers of brain health in sedentary middle-aged adults, hypothesizing that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) will be more beneficial than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). The study will be conducted through a two-group parallel randomized trial, and the results will be disseminated through various channels.
Review
Sport Sciences
Javier Botella, Christopher S. Shaw, David J. Bishop
Summary: This article examines the differences in autophagy gene expression profiles between human and mouse skeletal muscle and how they may explain the divergent exercise-induced autophagy responses. It also summarizes transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic datasets to identify potential targets for autophagy regulation following exercise in humans. Recommendations are provided for using ex vivo autophagy flux assays to further understand the impact of exercise on autophagy regulation in humans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicholas J. Saner, Matthew J-C. Lee, Nathan W. Pitchford, James R. Broatch, Greg D. Roach, David J. Bishop, Jonathan D. Bartlett
Summary: Sleep loss negatively affects mood state and alertness, while exercise can have a positive impact on them. However, this study found that even though high-intensity interval exercise was performed during sleep restriction, it did not mitigate the negative effects on mood, well-being, and alertness. Further research is needed to determine if alternative exercise sessions or protocols can have more positive outcomes during sleep restriction.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)