Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yaonan Li, Yanfang Lan, Shuang Zhang, Xiaoli Wang
Summary: This study investigated and compared gut microbial changes in horses during diarrhea. The results showed that the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in diarrheic horses changed significantly. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be an important driving factor of diarrhea in horses.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Xin Ma, Yuchen Zhang, Tingting Xu, Mengqi Qian, Zhiren Yang, Xiuan Zhan, Xinyan Han
Summary: The study showed that early-life FMT can alleviate weaning stress in piglets by modifying the intestinal microbiota, leading to decreased diarrhea incidence, improved intestinal morphology, reduced intestinal inflammation, and modified bacterial composition and function in the intestine.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Daniela Karasova, Magdalena Crhanova, Vladimir Babak, Martin Jerabek, Lubos Brzobohaty, Zuzana Matesova, Ivan Rychlik
Summary: The study revealed that certain microbial populations before weaning may increase the risk of piglets developing diarrhea, while other microbial populations after weaning may enhance piglet health and disease resistance. Therefore, changes in microbiota before and after weaning are crucial for piglet resistance to postweaning diarrhea under field conditions.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Zhou-Lin Wu, Ranlei Wei, Xueqin Tan, Danjiao Yang, Dayu Liu, Jiamin Zhangl, Wei Wangl
Summary: The gut microbial community of diarrheic yaks showed a decrease in alpha diversity and changes in beta diversity compared to healthy yaks. Bacterial taxonomic analysis revealed differences in the relative abundance of certain phyla and genera between the two groups. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of yak diarrhea.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Md Karim Uddin, Shah Hasan, Md Rayhan Mahmud, Olli Peltoniemi, Claudio Oliviero
Summary: Supplementing sow and piglet diets with resin acid-enriched composition (RAC) can modulate gut microbiota, reduce inflammation, improve growth performance of post-weaning piglets, and prevent post-weaning diarrhea. RAC is a potential natural feed supplement to improve piglet growth performance and is an alternative to antibiotics for preventing post-weaning diarrhea.
Article
Microbiology
Yuan Su, Xiaolei Li, Diyan Li, Jing Sun
Summary: The study investigated the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on piglets with post-weaning diarrhea, finding that FMT partially relieved diarrhea symptoms and identified specific bacterial families associated with FMT. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that differential gene expression was enriched in metabolic processes, immune responses, and inflammatory responses. Enriched fecal metabolites focused on apoptosis, metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. The study provides a basis for alleviating weaning stress and utilizing FMT effectively in the pig production industry.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laurel E. Redding, Alexander S. Berry, Nagaraju Indugu, Elizabeth Huang, Daniel P. Beiting, Dipti Pitta
Summary: This study found that colonization with Clostridioides difficile in dairy calves is not necessarily associated with gut dysbiosis and an increased likelihood of diarrhea. However, it may lead to a more disrupted microbiota, with C. difficile-positive calves showing fewer microbial co-occurrences indicating reduced bacterial synergies.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xianrui Zheng, Ke Nie, Yiliang Xu, Huibin Zhang, Fan Xie, Liming Xu, Zhiyong Zhang, Yueyun Ding, Zongjun Yin, Xiaodong Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed the differences in gut microbial structures and fecal metabolic profile between post-weaning diarrhea and healthy Chinese Wannan Black pigs using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics. The results revealed an increase in the relative abundance of the bacterial genus Campylobacter and a decrease in phylum Bacteroidetes and the species Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus in piglet diarrhea. Significant changes in the fecal metabolic profile, particularly higher levels of polyamines (spermine and spermidine), were also detected in diarrheic piglets. Furthermore, there were substantial associations between the disturbed gut microbiota and the altered fecal metabolites, especially a strong positive relationship between spermidine and Campylobacter.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Changlu Qi, Yiting Cai, Kai Qian, Xuefeng Li, Jialiang Ren, Ping Wang, Tongze Fu, Tianyi Zhao, Liang Cheng, Lei Shi, Xue Zhang
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health, and disruptions can lead to disorders. The gutMDisorder database provides a valuable resource for studying dysbiosis, and the latest version offers expanded data and improved features.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Liang Chi, Pengcheng Tu, Hongyu Ru, Kun Lu
Summary: The dysbiosis of gut microbiota induced by xenobiotic exposure is a key factor in affecting host health, yet the specific health effects are still unclear. Future studies need to combine technologies to accurately assess this dysbiosis and its impact on host health.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Min-Jin Kwak, Sun-Woo Choi, Yong-Soon Choi, Hanbae Lee, Kwang-Youn Whang
Summary: This study demonstrates that adding appropriate SPL supplementation in early-weaned piglets can improve growth performance, histological indices, and gene expression levels related to mucin secretion and local inflammation. Furthermore, SPL supplementation increases the population of beneficial bacteria Prevotella and its short-chain fatty acid production, leading to a reduced occurrence of diarrhea in piglets after weaning.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rongrong Liao, Xinhua Xie, Yuhua LV, Jianjun Dai, Yuexia Lin, Lihui Zhu
Summary: The study revealed that gut microbiota diversity significantly increased in lambs after weaning, with a notable increase in butyrate-producing bacteria and fiber degradation-associated bacteria. Correlation analysis also showed associations between certain gut bacteria and serum lipid metabolites in weaned lambs.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Miguel Silva, Valentina Brunner, Markus Tschurtschenthaler
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a complex condition caused by a combination of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors, with disruptions in gut microbiota structure associated with various intestinal diseases, including cancer. Bacteria can induce cellular transformation and promote tumor progression through mechanisms such as biofilm formation and genotoxin secretion. The gut microbiota is also involved in drug metabolism, radiotherapy responses, and targeted immunotherapy, with therapy efficacy varying based on the composition of the host's gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kanika Sehgal, Sahil Khanna
Summary: The pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is linked to the use of antimicrobials, which significantly alter gut microbiota structure and composition. Factors such as advancing age, proton-pump inhibitors, and gastrointestinal diseases are associated with gut microbiota perturbations and the development of CDI. Research has focused on identifying protective and predictive microbial footprints related to CDI, and studies have shown that CDI itself can change the gut microbiome.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sergii Tkach, Andrii Dorofeyev, Iurii Kuzenko, Oksana Sulaieva, Tetyana Falalyeyeva, Nazarii Kobyliak
Summary: This study found that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can significantly improve symptoms in patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) and has better safety and tolerability compared to traditional pharmacotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yi-Chi Cheng, Hye-lim Lee, Yunil Hwang, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: Histidine is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis in pigs and plays a vital role in their metabolic system. Growth performance and plasma histidine concentration may not effectively assess histidine requirement due to the contribution of histidine-containing proteins. Hemoglobin, carnosine, and trypsinogen are better indicators for determining histidine requirement.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ki Beom Jang, Vitor Hugo C. Moita, Nicolas Martinez, Adebayo Sokale, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: Zinc glycinate could be used as an alternative to zinc oxide in nursery feeds to reduce the negative impacts of F18(+)E. coli(+) on growth and intestinal health of nursery pigs. The supplementation of zinc glycinate at 400 mg/kg could effectively replace the pharmaceutical use of zinc oxide with similar effects. This study shows that zinc glycinate can enhance intestinal health and improve growth performance of nursery pigs challenged with F18(+)E. coli.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcos Elias Duarte, Chad H. Stahl, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: This study investigated the intestinal oxidative damage caused by F18(+) Escherichia coli and the amelioration effect of the antibacterial bacitracin in nursery pigs. The results showed that F18(+) E. coli infection decreased the growth performance and harmed the intestinal health of the pigs. Bacitracin reduced the population of the infecting bacteria and the oxidative damage they caused, resulting in improved intestinal health and growth performance in nursery pigs.
Meeting Abstract
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zixiao Deng, Ki Beom Jang, Sung Woo Kim
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Maykelly Silva da Gomes, Sung Woo Kim, Marcos Elias Duarte, Gabriel C. Rocha
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zixiao Deng, Ki Beom Jang, Sangita Jalukar, Xiangwei Du, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a feed additive containing bentonite and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on the intestinal health and growth of newly weaned pigs under chronic dietary exposure to fumonisin and aflatoxin. Feed additive supplementation was found to improve average weight gain, feed intake, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in pigs fed mycotoxin-contaminated corn. The supplementation also improved intestinal integrity by increasing villus height to crypt depth ratio.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zixiao Deng, Marcos Elias Duarte, So Young Kim, Yunil Hwang, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of replacing animal protein supplements with various soy protein supplements in pig feed on intestinal health and growth performance. The results showed that soy protein concentrate, enzyme-treated soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus can reduce the use of animal protein supplements without affecting the pig's intestinal health and growth performance. However, fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus increased immune reactions and oxidative stress in the intestine, leading to reduced growth performance.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hyunjun Choi, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: The use of antibiotics in animal feeds has been phased out, leading to a need for alternative methods to maintain the intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs. Beta-glucans, specifically microbial beta-glucans, have been shown to have positive effects on intestinal health and growth. However, cereal beta-glucans, which are found in high amounts in cereal grains-based diets, can interfere with the positive effects of microbial beta-glucans. The structural differences between cereal and microbial beta-glucans play a crucial role in their functional effects on nursery pigs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. Vanessa Lagos, Jason C. Woodworth, Sung Woo Kim, Hans H. Stein
Summary: Data from Europe shows that commercial pig diets in the United States contain more calcium than formulated, while the analyzed concentrations of total calcium and phosphorus in these diets are not higher than formulated values. The study found that on average, the calculated calcium content in US pig diets was 0.19 percentage units higher than the formulated values, while the oversupply of phosphorus was only 0.06 percentage units. Therefore, more attention should be given to the actual concentration of calcium in pig diets to avoid oversupply and its negative effects.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zixiao Deng, Marcos Elias Duarte, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: This study investigated the effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) replacing animal protein supplements on mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs. The results showed that SPC can replace fish meal, poultry meal, or blood plasma without affecting growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. However, when SPC replaced all three animal protein supplements, it reduced the growth of nursery pigs mainly by reducing feed intake.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Vitor Hugo C. Moita, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a bacterial 6-phytase (Buttiauxella spp.) supplemented beyond traditional dose levels on intestinal microbiota, nutrient digestibility, bone parameters, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs. The results showed that supplementation of a bacterial 6-phytase beyond traditional dose levels improved bone breaking strength, bone ash, and phosphorus content, apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, and phosphorus, and growth performance of nursery pigs with reduced relative abundance of Bacteroidetes specifically Prevotellaceae in the jejunal mucosa.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yan Zhao, Chang Liu, Jin Niu, Zixu Cui, Xinyu Zhao, Wenxin Li, Yanwei Zhang, Yang Yang, Pengfei Gao, Xiaohong Guo, Bugao Li, Sung Woo Kim, Guoqing Cao
Summary: The optimal neutral detergent fiber levels for Mashen pigs and Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire pigs were found to be 18% and 13.5%, respectively. Increasing the fiber level in the diet resulted in improved growth performance, intestinal development, and regulation of lipid and amino acid metabolism in pigs. Mashen pigs had a stronger ability to digest fiber due to the presence of fiber fermentation bacteria. This study provides insights into the roughage tolerance of different pig breeds and the potential benefits of dietary fiber in pig production.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hyunjun Choi, Ying Chen, Flavio Longo, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate on digesta pH, urinary pH, and growth performance in nursery pigs. The results showed that dietary supplementation of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate improved growth performance, with benzoic acid having a stronger effect on urinary acidification.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Marcos Elias Elias Duarte, Chad Stahl, Sung Woo Kim
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Adsos Adami Passos, Vitor Hugo Cardoso Moita, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of individual or combinational use of phytase, protease, and xylanase on the digestibility of corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS) in pigs. The results showed that phytase improved the digestibility of phosphorus in corn, while the combination of phytase with protease and xylanase improved the digestibility of dry matter and phosphorus in soybean meal and DDGS. Xylanase was more effective in DDGS diets.