Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gerardo Salinas, Kostiantyn Tieriekhov, Patrick Garrigue, Neso Sojic, Laurent Bouffier, Alexander Kuhn
Summary: A new mechanism for autonomous swimmers has been proposed, utilizing the synergy between ion flux and an external magnetic field to increase swimmer speed significantly; additionally, the magnetic field orientation adjustment can control the trajectory of the swimmer, resulting in predictable motion direction.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ningning Xing, Yangsai Lyu, Jia Li, Dickon H. L. Ng, Xiaolei Zhang, Weilin Zhao
Summary: In this study, a Janus micromotor with robust peroxide-like activity was developed for simultaneous colorimetric detection and removal of catechol from water. The micromotor exhibited autonomous motion based on the decomposition of H2O2 by Co3O4-C layer on its surface, and had a high sensitivity in detecting catechol. This research provides a promising approach for the selective and efficient detection and removal of organic pollutants from water using autonomous micromotors.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jianjie Li, Xiaoli He, Huaide Jiang, Yi Xing, Bi Fu, Chengzhi Hu
Summary: This study demonstrates the enhanced and robust directional propulsion of light-activated Janus micromotors through magnetic spinning and the Magnus effect. This new method improves speed, maneuverability, and steering robustness while addressing the limitations of directionality control in current asymmetric micromotors.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Wenxiong Cao, Yuan Liu, Pan Ran, Jie He, Shuang Xie, Jie Weng, Xiaohong Li
Summary: The study achieves precise and prompt thrombolysis through selective targeting to clots and efficient penetration into dense networks of thrombi using Janus rod (JR)-shaped micromotors.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenwen Xu, Caihong Dong, Hui Hu, Xiaoqin Qian, Ling Chang, Qvzi Jiang, Luodan Yu, Yu Chen, Jianqiao Zhou
Summary: In this study, a TiO2-Fe3O4@PEG Janus nanostructure was designed and engineered for bilaterally enhanced SDT and CDT. The rational design not only improved the treatment efficacy but also addressed the major concerns of SDT, providing a promising approach for non-invasive therapy.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhanlin Zhang, Hui Yan, Shang Li, Yuan Liu, Pan Ran, Weijia Chen, Xiaohong Li
Summary: This study proposes a feasible strategy using self-propelled micromotors of fiber rods to overcome the transportation barriers of chemotherapeutic drugs, promoting the toxicity and apoptosis rate of tumor cells and enhancing drug accumulation in tumor tissues, which significantly inhibits tumor growth.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vaibhav Sharma, Florent Fessler, Fabrice Thalmann, Carlos M. Marques, Antonio Stocco
Summary: Measuring the rotational and translational Brownian motion of single spherical particles can reveal dissipations due to particle-environment interaction. The experiments conducted in this article demonstrate the measurement of in-plane translational and rotational drag coefficients for a single spherical Brownian particle. These drag coefficients are influenced by particle size, particle-wall distance, and viscous dissipations. Measurements on Janus particles close to solid walls and lipid bilayer membranes reveal that particle-wall distance and size can be determined by hydrodynamic models for particles close to walls. For particles partially wrapped by lipid membranes, when there is no strong binding interaction, translational and rotational drags are significantly larger compared to non-wrapped particles. The dissipations in the deformed membrane cap region also contribute strongly to the drag coefficients.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ruimeng Sun, Ruijuan Lv, Ting Du, Yuhan Li, Yang Zhang, Lixia Chen, Yanfei Qi
Summary: A freeze-thaw induced co-assembly of multi-enzyme-gold nanoparticle hybrids was developed for high-performance cascade reaction. This method has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, low cost, and environmental friendliness, and can be used to construct a sensitive and speedy colorimetric sensor for glucose detection.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shun-ichi Matsuura, Tomoya Baba, Takuji Ikeda, Katsutoshi Yamamoto, Tatsuo Tsunoda, Aritomo Yamaguchi
Summary: The mesoporous silica-enhanced PCR technology allows highly precise and sensitive DNA amplification/detection from minimal amounts of nucleic acid, making it applicable for genetic testing involving small samples.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cynthia Nagy, Ruben Szabo, Attila Gaspar
Summary: This review provides an overview of the current trends in the development and application of microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor (mu-IMER) technology in proteomic analysis. It focuses on microfabrication and enzyme immobilization techniques and discusses the potential future prospects based on the advantages and limitations of different approaches.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Muhammad Rehan Siddiqi, Sina Milani, Reza N. Jazar, Hormoz Marzbani
Summary: Autonomous Vehicles have the potential to reduce commute times, accidents and energy consumption. This study proposes algorithms to mitigate Motion Sickness during various manoeuvres and a control strategy for real-time adaptive reduction of Motion Sickness. The results show a substantial reduction of Motion Sickness in Autonomous Vehicles by about 75%.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tingting Li, Donglian Deng, Dongdong Tan, Siqi Chen, Yibing Ji, Ruijun Li
Summary: Hierarchical COFs were used to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOD) and combined with N,Fe-doped carbon dots (N,Fe-CDs) to construct an enzyme-mediated cascade reaction. The proposed sensor successfully detected glucose with satisfactory recoveries in serum and saliva samples.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oleg F. Petrov, Roman E. Boltnev, Mikhail M. Vasiliev
Summary: Complex structures can undergo active Brownian motion and evolution driven by quantum effects, as demonstrated in micron-sized grains levitating in superfluid helium. The role of quantum phenomena in the evolution of macroscopic objects is shown to be significant.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Minsoo Kim, Mamoru Okamoto, Yusuke Yasugahira, Shinpei Tanaka, Satoshi Nakata, Yasuaki Kobayashi, Masaharu Nagayama
Summary: This study investigates the collective behaviors of oil droplets floating on a surfactant solution in a narrow circular channel, both experimentally and numerically. A mathematical model is introduced to explain the transient oscillations and cluster formation of the droplets, showing successful reproduction of these experimental findings. The long-range interaction due to the global concentration profile of the solution is argued to be sufficient for the cluster formation.
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aniruddha Sarker, Tofazzal Islam, Muhammad Bilal, Jang-Eok Kim
Summary: This pilot investigation evaluated the removal efficiency and pathways of immobilized fungal laccase during the oxidative biotransformation of 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA). The immobilized laccase showed high removal efficiency and excellent stability compared to free laccase. The study proposed a potential reaction pathway for the biotransformation of 3,5-DCA, which could be useful in sustainable environmental remediation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yang Hu, Wei Liu, Yan Sun
Summary: Artificial micro-/nanomotors (MNMs) are tiny apparatuses capable of autonomously navigating and performing specific tasks at micro-/nanoscale, accelerating chemical/physical processes. MNMs show great promise in environmental, sensing, and chemical applications with reasonable design and specific surface functionalization, while also facing challenges in translating their potential into real-world applications.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Xiaoding Lin, Wei Liu, Xiaoyan Dong, Yan Sun
Summary: This study synthesized epigallocatechin gallate-derived carbonized polymer dots (E-CPDs) for the first time and demonstrated their multifunctional capability in inhibiting and disaggregating A,B fibrils, detecting amyloid plaques, and scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species. The findings suggest that E-CPDs have great potential in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Liu, Ling Liu, Zhi Qu, Linling Yu, Yan Sun
Summary: In this study, highly effective and non-cytotoxic laccase-like metallo-nanofibers were discovered, showing higher substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency than industrial laccase. These nanofibers exhibited stability, recyclability, and a wide substrate spectrum for the degradation of phenolic pollutants.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jie Gao, Zhenfu Wang, Ranran Guo, Yang Hu, Xiaoyan Dong, Qinghong Shi, Yan Sun
Summary: A chemoenzymatic cascade system (GA&GOx@Au-SiO2) was developed for efficient production of gluconic acid from starch. The system utilized immobilized Au nanoparticles on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, along with co-immobilized glucoamylase and glucose oxidase. The proximity effect of these components facilitated rapid transport of reaction intermediates and timely removal of harmful H2O2, leading to improved gluconic acid yield and biocatalyst stability. The system demonstrated a gluconic acid yield of 97.8% within 30 minutes and retained 83.9% of initial activity after 10 cycles, outperforming the control systems without immobilized Au nanoparticles (57.5% initial activity). This chemoenzymatic cascade system offers a new strategy for enhancing enzymatic reactions involving H2O2 generation.
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Aijia Xing, Yang Hu, Wei Wang, Francesco Secundo, Changhu Xue, Xiangzhao Mao
Summary: A novel chitinase gene from Streptomyces bacillaris was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The purified recombinant enzyme (SbChiAJ103) exhibited exochitinase activity and was immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using mono-methyl adipate as a linker. The immobilized SbChiAJ103@MNPs showed improved pH tolerance, temperature stability, and storage stability compared to the free enzyme. The immobilization of SbChiAJ103 paves the way for efficient and eco-friendly commercial production of (GlcNAc)2.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dongjian Huang, Lin Zhang, Yan Sun
Summary: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used due to its low cost and high durability, but the accumulation of waste PET has caused serious environmental pollution. Biodegradation of PET catalyzed by PET hydrolase (PETase) is more environmentally friendly, and the BbPETase(CD) from Burkholderiales bacterium is a promising enzyme for this purpose. In this study, the rational design of disulfide bridges in BbPETase(CD) was conducted to enhance its enzymatic performance. Computational algorithms were used to predict mutations, and the N364C/D418C variant with an additional disulfide bond showed improved expression, stability, and activity compared to the wild-type enzyme (WT). The variant also exhibited a significant increase in PET degradation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Si Liu, Yan Sun
Summary: A facile and versatile polyelectrolyte-assisted encapsulation approach is presented, which enables the confinement of a cofactor-dependent multienzyme cascade within hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks. The system features excellent cargo loading, cascade activity recovery, and cofactor recycling capabilities.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhi Qu, Kun Chen, Lin Zhang, Yan Sun
Summary: This study introduces salt bridges into the flexible region of IsPETase to enhance its thermal stability. The designed variants showed higher melting points and more compact tertiary structures compared to the wild type, resulting in increased release of degradation products.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ziyi Yang, Zhenfu Wang, Xiaoyan Dong, Yan Sun
Summary: Gluconic acid is a valuable commodity in various industries, and the development of efficient and cost-effective production methods has become a research priority. Enzymatic synthesis has emerged as a promising approach for the production of gluconic acid due to its advantages.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Haotian Huang, Xiaoyan Dong, Yan Sun, Qinghong Shi
Summary: This study synthesized a biomimetic peptide ligand (bPL) SepFF-bPL for antibody purification and found that it effectively removed antibody aggregates but had poor removal of host cell proteins (HCPs) and DNA. To address this issue, chromatin extraction and anion exchange adsorption were introduced before SepFF-bPL chromatography for initial contaminant removal, reducing aggregation and loading burden. The purification train achieved high antibody recovery (68.7%) and low levels of HCPs (23 ppm) and DNA (below the limit of detection), meeting the requirements for clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Zhiqiang Shu, Gongming Wang, Fang Liu, Yingjiang Xu, Jianan Sun, Yang Hu, Hao Dong, Jian Zhang
Summary: Alginate lyase Alg4755, identified, heterologously expressed, and characterized in this study, showed high product specificity and desirable catalytic properties. It exhibited optimal activity at 35°C and pH 8.0, and demonstrated high thermal and pH stability. The hydrolysis products catalyzed by Alg4755 were mainly alginate disaccharides with a small amount of alginate trisaccharides.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yin Wu, Yan Sun
Summary: Mutations of surface positive-charged residues enhance the organic solvent resistance of DhaA, and the introduction of cationic polymers further improves its performance in organic solvents. Cationic polymers protect DhaA from damage, increase the stability of the enzyme, and enhance the substrate concentration.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bushu Peng, Shaoying Xu, Yue Liang, Xiaoyan Dong, Yan Sun
Summary: This study investigates the impact of phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) alpha 3, a protein secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, on the aggregation of amyloid beta-protein (A beta) related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results show that PSM alpha 3 monomer inhibits A beta aggregation and changes the aggregation pathway, while PSM alpha 3 oligomers promote A beta aggregation. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the molecular interactions between A beta and PSM alpha 3 of different structures.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zixuan Li, Ziyi Yang, Qinghong Shi, Yan Sun
Summary: In this study, a defective metal-organic framework, dPCN-224, was synthesized and used for immobilizing laccase to effectively degrade BPA. The immobilized laccase showed improved performance in terms of activity recovery, stability, and removal efficiency compared to free laccase. The results demonstrate the potential of laccase@dPCN-224 for addressing environmental BPA pollutions.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Renwen Tian, Yan Sun
Summary: The use of α-synuclein as a fusion chaperone resulted in improved enzymatic performance of PETase, with the fusion enzymes exhibiting higher activity and stability compared to PETase alone. The fusion proteins showed significantly enhanced PET degradation capability, possibly due to the binding affinity of the fused α-synuclein domain for PET.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yiran Qu, Innocent Bekard, Ben Hunt, Jamie Black, Louis Fabri, Sally L. Gras, Sandra. E. Kentish
Summary: This study compares the performance of a nanofiber device and a resin column for antibody capture. The nanofiber device has a larger housing volume and lower binding capacity, but comparable eluate purity to the resin column. It shows high stability, can be used for multiple cycles, and maintains consistent eluate quality when scaled up. The use of a single nanofiber device can significantly reduce costs compared to a resin column, especially when the number of batches is limited.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Brandon Moore, Christos Georgakis, Chris Antoniou, Sarwat Khattak
Summary: Fed-batch cell culture processes are commonly used in biomanufacturing due to their simplicity and applicability in cGMP environments. However, the challenge lies in the changing physiochemical conditions within the bioreactor as the cell density changes. Traditional response surface models (RSMs) are commonly used for optimization but are limited by their use of time-invariant factors. Dynamic RSM (DRSM) models can predict the time-dependent impact of process inputs, allowing for optimization of process operations that change over time.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lin Li, Yunfan Bai, Chuhua Qi, Yile Du, Xiaoxiao Ma, Yutong Li, Pingping Wu, Shuangli Chen, Sijing Zhang
Summary: A succinic anhydride-modified apple pomace (SAMAP) was synthesized to address environmental issues caused by the accumulation of apple pomace and effectively treat heavy metal ions. SAMAP exhibited high adsorption capacity for Cu(II) and Pb(II), suggesting its potential application in wastewater treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Peter Satzer
Summary: Water for injection (WFI) production in the biopharmaceutical industry consumes excessive amounts of water and energy. Recycling buffers can potentially save up to 90% of resources, but achieving the full theoretical potential is impossible when a risk-aware design is used. Universal risk-based assessment is important for regulatory authorities to consider the implementation of such a strategy.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Gaoya Sun, Lingkai Jin, Guangxue Wang, Xiaoge Wang, Jin Huang
Summary: In this study, heterologous expression and homologous overexpression of ABC transporter proteins AatA and MdlB were found to improve butyric acid production in C. tyrobutyricum. The overexpression of these proteins upregulated the expression levels of key enzymes in the acetate synthesis pathway and promoted the synthesis and secretion of acetic acid. Additionally, the increase in ATPase activity facilitated sugar utilization, induced extracellular secretion of acetate, and shortened fermentation periods.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Taiki Okamura, Rina Aritomi, Takuya Matsumoto, Ryosuke Yamada, Hidehiko Hirakawa, Hiroyasu Ogino
Summary: In this study, proline was introduced to improve the stability of putidaredoxin reductase (PdR) in the Pseudomonas putida cytochrome P450 system. It was found that PdR_T221P had a longer half-life at high temperatures compared to wild-type PdR, but a shorter half-life in the presence of methanol. Molecular dynamics simulations supported these findings.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuying Hu, Xiaofan Wang, Shihao Zhang, Zimu Liu, Tengfang Hu, Xin Wang, Xiaoming Peng, Hongling Dai, Jing Wu, Fengping Hu
Summary: This study investigates the effect of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) materials on high-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD). The results show that ICME materials promote methane production in HSAD by increasing the attachment area of microorganisms and facilitating symbiotic metabolism of certain bacterial species. This study provides new insights into microbial mechanisms and enhances our understanding of ICME material enhancement in HSAD.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jibao Liu, Yufeng Xu, Yuansong Wei
Summary: This study investigated the role of sludge rheology in anaerobic digestion (AD) and found that rheological properties increased with the increase of solid content, resulting in a negative effect on methane production. An extended ADM1 model revealed that enhanced sludge rheological properties increased mass diffusion resistance and reduced uptake rate of acetate.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiaoyan Liu, Zongze Chen, Dewen Kong, Xinying Zhang, Chuanhua Wang, Yongqi Wang
Summary: This study explored the role of intracellular and extracellular enzymes of Acinetobacter baumannii and Talaromyces sp. in the degradation of crude oil. The extracellular enzymes of Talaromyces sp. were more effective in degrading n-alkanes, while those of Acinetobacter baumannii had a better effect on aromatic hydrocarbons. The degradation enzyme systems of both bacteria and fungi complemented each other, improving the overall degradation ability.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jing Dong, Lingli Xu, Yuxiang Liu, Li Ren, Ke Yuan
Summary: The utilization of biochar-immobilized microorganisms is an effective method for eliminating phenol from water. The high susceptibility of bacteria to environmental factors is a challenge for practical implementation. In this study, biochar was used to reduce microbial susceptibility and enhance phenol removal. The addition of biochar altered the dominant species of phenol-degrading bacteria and response surface analysis indicated the significant influence of biochar pyrolysis temperature and experimental temperature on phenol removal rate.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zibin Pan, Mengying Liu, Zuliang Chen
Summary: This study successfully removed metalloids and heavy metals from acid mine drainage (AMD) using bio-synthesized Fe/Cu nanoparticles (Fe/Cu NPs). The Fe/Cu NPs showed high removal capacities and the presence of organic substances contributed to their stability.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Guangbing Liu, Han Zhang, Jincan Huang, Lu Zhang, Teng Zhang, Xuemin Yu, Weijing Liu, Chunkai Huang
Summary: This study investigated the effect of Fenton pre-treatment on the treatment efficiency of printing and dyeing wastewater (PDW) using two anaerobic/aerobic-membrane bioreactors (A/O-MBRs). The results showed that Fenton pre-treatment significantly improved the removal efficiency of COD and AOX in PDW, and reduced membrane fouling. The Shannon indices and metagenomics analysis indicated that the microbial diversity in anaerobic flocs was higher than that in aerobic flocs, and EC3.1.1.45 and pcaI were identified as key functional genes.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lidia Borgosz, Duygu Dikicioglu
Summary: The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a system that connects devices and provides real-time insight into industrial processes. However, the complexity and regulatory requirements of the biomanufacturing sector make it challenging to implement IIoT. There is a need for universal solutions to overcome this challenge and advance the field of biomanufacturing.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yajie Li, Weikang Kong, Yuyao Zhang, Huarui Zhou, Hongbo Liu, Salma Tabassum
Summary: In this study, the iron-carbon multi-micro electric field coupling anaerobic co-digestion technique was used to treat coal gasification wastewater (CGW). The experimental results showed that under optimal operating conditions, this technique can significantly reduce the toxicity of the wastewater and achieve high removal efficiencies. Additionally, the analysis of microbial communities revealed that the coupling system promotes direct interspecies electron transfer.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Aparecido Nivaldo Modenes, Debora Gozzi Fernandes, Daniela Estelita Goes Trigueros, Matheus Guilherme Amador, Fernando Rodolfo Espinoza-Quinones, Taysa de Souza Braniz, Adilson Ricken Schuelter, Glacy Jaqueline da Silva, Lucimar Pereira Bonett
Summary: This study aimed to systematically remove organic pollutants from raw dairy wastewater with high concentrations of COD, TOC, and TN using Poterioochromonas malhamensis algae strains. The results showed that the biomass yield rate using FP-PBRs was 10% higher than tubular PBRs, and the organic pollution in wastewater was significantly reduced with a decrease of about 98% in COD, 95% in TN, and 92% in TOC.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)