Article
Plant Sciences
Tengyu Li, Kun Luo, Chenlei Wang, Lanxin Wu, Jingwen Pan, Mingyang Wang, Jinwei Liu, Yan Li, Jinbo Yao, Wei Chen, Shouhong Zhu, Yongshan Zhang
Summary: In this study, a total of 27 GhCKXs genes were identified by genome-wide investigation and were distributed across 18 chromosomes. The gene structure and motif analysis showed that GhCKXs were remarkably conserved among the four groups, and cis-acting elements related to abiotic stress, hormones, and light response were found in their promoter regions. Transcriptome data and RT-qPCR analysis indicated that GhCKX genes had higher expression levels in various tissues and were involved in cotton's abiotic stress and phytohormone response. The protein-protein interaction network suggested that the CKX family may play a role in redox regulation and plant growth and development. Functionally, the GhCKX14 gene was found to improve drought resistance through modulating antioxidant-related activities via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS).
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Rostyslav Blume, Alla Yemets, Vitaliy Korkhovyi, Volodymyr Radchuk, Dzhamal Rakhmetov, Yaroslav Blume
Summary: Cytokinin dehydrogenase/oxidase (CKX) enzymes play a key role in regulating cytokinin (CK) levels in plants. Targeted silencing of CKX genes in finger millet can increase cytokinin accumulation, leading to enhanced biomass and plant productivity. This study provides a comprehensive genome-wide identification and analysis of the CKX gene family in finger millet, including gene structure and phylogenetic analysis.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Lijing Sun, Liangjie Lv, Jie Zhao, Mengyun Hu, Yelun Zhang, Yun Zhao, Xiaodong Tang, Peinan Wang, Qianying Li, Xiyong Chen, Hui Li, Yingjun Zhang
Summary: Cytokinins play important roles in plants and TaRRA gene family in wheat demonstrates different expression patterns and potential application in wheat genetic improvement.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Horticulture
Yang Liu, Xun Wang, Xiaofei Wang, Wensheng Gao, Chunxiang You
Summary: This study identified 10 MdCKX genes in apple through genome-wide analysis and further investigated their phylogenetics, chromosome locations, and genome structures. Expression analysis revealed different expression profiles and roles of these genes in apple. Transgenic Arabidopsis experiments showed that the MdCKX5.2 gene plays a significant role in promoting root development, responding to exogenous cytokinins, and conferring drought and salt tolerance in apples.
Article
Plant Sciences
Mingzhao Zhu, Yong Wang, Shujin Lu, Limei Yang, Mu Zhuang, Yangyong Zhang, Honghao Lv, Zhiyuan Fang, Xilin Hou
Summary: In this study, a total of 36 CKX genes were identified in cabbage using a genome-wide search method. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into three groups. These genes were unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes in B. oleracea, with 15 genes not containing any introns. The expression patterns of these genes in various tissues and organs were shown through a heatmap. Three genes were found to be relatively highly expressed in all investigated tissues under normal conditions, while three other genes showed significant down-regulation and up-regulation in susceptible and resistant materials after inoculation, indicating their potential roles in resistance to clubroot disease.
HORTICULTURAL PLANT JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Manoj Kumar Gupta, Gayatri Gouda, Ravindra Donde, Ramakrishna Vadde, Lambodar Behera
Summary: The study found that novel CKX inhibitors can enhance stress tolerance, delay senescence, improve regeneration capacity in plants, and increase crop yield, showing potential applications in the biotechnological industry and agriculture.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Sayanti Mandal, Mimosa Ghorai, Uttpal Anand, Debleena Roy, Nishi Kant, Tulika Mishra, Abhijit Bhagwan Mane, Niraj Kumar Jha, Milan Kumar Lal, Rahul Kumar Tiwari, Manoj Kumar, Arabinda Ghosh, Rahul Bhattacharjee, Jaroslaw Prockow, Abhijit Dey
Summary: In the last decade, there has been significant progress in understanding the synthesis, perception, and signaling pathways of the plant hormone cytokinins (CKs). Interfering with any of these steps has a major impact on plant growth and development due to the complex interactions with other hormones and signaling networks. CKs are widely used in agriculture for yield improvement and plant management, with the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKO/CKX) gene as a primary target. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has shown promising results in editing the CKO/CKX gene and this review provides updated information on the applications of CRISPR-based gene-editing tools for manipulating cytokinin metabolism and increasing crop yields.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Aniruddhabhai Khuman, Vijay Kumar, Bhupendra Chaudhary
Summary: Plant cytokinins play a crucial role in promoting plant development, physiological processes, drought tolerance, root architecture, and crop productivity. This study provides insights into the evolutionary profiles of CKX enzymes specific to the family Brassicaceae by analyzing multiple genome databases. The findings demonstrate the importance of CKX genes in plant development and suggest their potential application in crop improvement programs.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wenwen Chen, Genhong Wang, Meiqin Yi, Tianke Gao, Chunman Song, Qian Gao, Qingyou Xia, Haiying Xiang
Summary: The CKX gene family of N. tabacum was analyzed in this study. The NtCKX genes were found to have similar structures and expression patterns, with conserved motifs and domains related to FAD and cytokinin-binding. The upstream promotor region of NtCKX genes contained various abiotic stress-responsive cis-acting elements. These findings provide basic information about NtCKX genes and their potential roles in response to abiotic stresses.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mengyue Liu, Yupeng Cui, Fanjia Peng, Shuai Wang, Ruifeng Cui, Xiaoyu Liu, Yuexin Zhang, Hui Huang, Yapeng Fan, Tiantian Jiang, Xixian Feng, Yuqian Lei, Kesong Ni, Mingge Han, Wenhua Chen, Yuan Meng, Junjuan Wang, Xiugui Chen, Xuke Lu, Delong Wang, Lixue Guo, Lanjie Zhao, Jing Jiang, Wuwei Ye
Summary: Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) plays a key role in the degradation of the plant hormone cytokinin (CK) in cotton. The study identified several CKXs in different cotton species and analyzed their expression patterns under various abiotic stresses. The research also found that silencing a specific GhCKX gene resulted in oxidative damage and decreased salt tolerance in cotton plants.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eswarayya Ramireddy, Hilde Nelissen, Jan Erik Leuendorf, Mieke Van Lijsebettens, Dirk Inze, Thomas Schmuelling
Summary: Root-specific expression of a CKX gene in maize leads to larger root system and higher element content in shoot organs. The engineered plants show increased root dry weight without affecting shoot growth, with elevated concentrations of certain elements in leaves, particularly those with low soil mobility.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shenchen Tao, Lu Zhao, Jiaqi Mei, Farhat Abbas, Xiaoting Xie, Ying Yang, Qiaoyu Huang, Jiayan Wang, Huwei Yuan, Anket Sharma, Yi He, Bingsong Zheng, Xiaofei Wang
Summary: This study identified and characterized 17 RR genes in Chinese hickory, showing their nuclear and cytomembrane localization and hormone responsiveness. Some of these genes may act as negative regulators while others may play a positive role in the grafting process. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the cytokinin-mediated regulation of grafting in Chinese hickory.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Matthew J. van Voorthuizen, Jaroslav Nisler, Jiancheng Song, Lukas Spichal, Paula E. Jameson
Summary: The study showed that INCYDE significantly increased seed yield in Rapid Cycling Brassica rapa, while TD-K had a transient effect on the regulation of BrCKX3.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomas Hluska, Lucia Hluskova, R. J. Neil Emery
Summary: Cytokinins are plant hormones involved in various physiological processes, with different forms potentially having unique functions and mechanisms. Using a metaphorical comparison to Marvel superheroes helps illustrate the complexities of cytokinins and their related enzymes and functions. This framework can aid in understanding the diverse roles of cytokinins in plant development and interactions with other organisms.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sylva Prerostova, Jana Jarosova, Petre I. Dobrev, Lucia Hluskova, Vaclav Motyka, Roberta Filepova, Vojtech Knirsch, Alena Gaudinova, Joseph Kieber, Radomira Vankova
Summary: Inter-organ communication and heat stress responses were studied in rice under different conditions. Whole-plant heat stress reduced photosynthetic activity, but this effect could be alleviated by prior acclimation. Different organs exhibited different levels of protection against heat stress, with leaves showing weaker protection. Furthermore, heat stress induced changes in phytohormone levels and antioxidant enzyme activity in non-exposed organs, enhancing the plant's stress tolerance.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Urooj Rashid, Humaira Yasmin, Muhammad Nadeem Hassan, Rabia Naz, Asia Nosheen, Muhammad Sajjad, Noshin Ilyas, Rumana Keyani, Zahra Jabeen, Saqib Mumtaz, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad
Summary: The study examined the response of wheat plants inoculated with drought-tolerant PGPR, finding that Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus licheniformis showed promising drought tolerance potential and growth-promoting properties, enhancing wheat growth and stress resistance under drought conditions.
PLANT CELL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hafiz Faiq Bakhat, Sidra Arshad, Natasha, Sunaina Abbas, Ghulam Mustafa Shah, Shah Fahad, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Muhammad Sajjad, Muhammad Ashfaq, Muhammad Shahid
Summary: The study found that aerobic cultivation of rice resulted in lower arsenic accumulation in grains compared to anaerobic cultivation. Certain rice genotypes showed lower arsenic accumulation under aerobic conditions, indicating lower risks. Therefore, utilizing aerobic water management and selecting genotypes with low arsenic accumulation can help reduce health risks for humans.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zahra Jabeen, Faiza Irshad, Ayesha Habib, Nazim Hussain, Muhammad Sajjad, Saqib Mumtaz, Sidra Rehman, Waseem Haider, Muhammad Nadeem Hassan
Summary: In this study, a cadmium-tolerant Bacillus cereus strain was isolated from industrial waste and shown to promote the growth of rice plants and enhance antioxidant enzyme activity under cadmium stress, suggesting its potential as a biofertilizer for rice cultivation in cadmium-contaminated soils.
Article
Geography
Muhammad Sajjad, Hasiba Munir, Shamsa Kanwal, Syed Ali Asad Naqvi
Summary: This study explores the geographic inequalities in educational status (EdS) in Pakistan and identifies poverty, urbanization, electricity accessibility, and school infrastructure as significant determinants. It highlights the importance of informed prioritization and rigorous measures to improve education status in low performing regions and achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-4.
Article
Physics, Applied
Sadaf Irshad, Muhammad Shakeel, Aysha Bibi, Muhammad Sajjad, Kottakkran Sooppy Nisar
Summary: This study investigates the optical soliton solutions to the fractional nonlinear Schrodinger equation with nonlinear oscillating coefficient and Beta and M-truncated derivatives. A complex wave transformation is applied to convert the fractional NLS equation into an ordinary differential equation. The optical solution structures are obtained using the SSE method. The fractional NLS equation is commonly used in various fields such as optical telecommunication, high-energy physics, gas dynamics, electrodynamics, and ocean engineering. The graphical representation of the results is also discussed in detail.
MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Muhammad Sajjad, Tariq Shah, Robinson-Julian Serna, Zagalo Enrique Suarez Aguilar, Omaida Sepulveda Delgado
Summary: Coding theory is the study of codes and their applications, covering areas such as data compression and cryptography. This article focuses on encoding and decoding of cyclic codes over octonion integers, and compares them with quaternion integers.
Review
Agronomy
Ayesha Farooq, Uzair Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Ahsan Khan, Zulfqar Ali, Rizwana Maqbool, Muhammad Sajjad
Summary: In order to ensure food security for a population of around 10 billion in 2050, sustainable increase in food production is crucial. Wheat, the third most consumed cereal crop globally, is projected to have insufficient yield to meet future needs. Despite the success of hybrid seed production in rice and maize, wheat lags behind other crops in terms of variety/hybrid development and trait development. The challenges of self-pollination, polyploidy, low variability in germplasm, and limited knowledge of genetic and molecular mechanisms have hindered large-scale production and commercialization of hybrid wheat. Comparative functional genomics, biotechnological tools, and conventional breeding methods are likely to play a key role in overcoming these challenges and ensuring stable hybrid wheat breeding to address global food security issues.
CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Muhammad Zeshan Zafer, Muhammad Hammad Nadeem Tahir, Zulqurnain Khan, Muhammad Sajjad, Xiangkuo Gao, Muhammad Amir Bakhtavar, Ummara Waheed, Maria Siddique, Zhide Geng, Shoaib Ur Rehman
Summary: In this study, 16 members of the FBN gene family in soybean were identified and characterized. The FBN genes were found to be involved in plant growth and development, as well as response to stress factors. Gene expression analysis and association analysis revealed the role of GmFBN-15 gene in soybean seed weight. This research provides basic information for further understanding the function of FBN in soybean.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ambreen Mehvish, Abdul Aziz, Birra Bukhari, Humaira Qayyum, Zahid Mahmood, Muhammad Baber, Muhammad Sajjad, Xuequn Pang, Fenglan Wang
Summary: This study identified 143 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with heat tolerance in synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) through genome-wide association studies. In addition, 17 QTNs were found to be in proximity to heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may carry novel alleles for heat-tolerance genes.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Muhammad Sajjad, Tariq Shah, Maha Alammari, Huda Alsaud
Summary: In this article, the theory of the Gaussian field and its extension field are discussed. A comprehensive construction scheme for BCH codes over the Gaussian field is provided. The decoding of newly designed BCH codes is performed using a slightly amended modified Berlekamp-Massey algorithm. BCH codes over the Gaussian field offer coding gain, resulting in a better code rate and number of code words compared to BCH codes over finite fields. Therefore, they are a promising candidate for use in communication systems.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Muhammad Sajjad, Tariq Shah, Huda Alsaud, Maha Alammari
Summary: In the field of cryptography, block ciphers with a nonlinear substitution function play a significant role in ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data. This paper proposes a new design methodology for the nonlinear substitution function using Quaternion integers (QI), which are an extension of complex numbers allowing for more complex arithmetic operations. The proposed design demonstrates superior security compared to existing designs, making it a promising approach for future cryptographic applications.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Tariq Shah, Muhammad Zohaib, Qin Xin, Bander Almutairi, Muhammad Sajjad
Summary: This article introduces a new generalized RSA crypto-system called GRSA, based on 2n prime numbers. It provides supreme security for the computer world by factoring the variable Φ, which has become easier with the development of tools and equipment. The GRSA crypto-system uses 2n primes to ensure security over the network system, including encryption, key generation, and decryption. This method offers better performance and reliability by using hard-to-break 2n primes.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Muhammad Sajjad, Tariq Shah, Robinson Julian Serna
Summary: This article mainly introduces the nonlinear components (S-boxes) used in block ciphers and their role in improving the security of cryptographic systems. By designing a pair of S-boxes and conducting various tests, the nonlinear properties, strict avalanche criterion, linear approximation probability, and differential approximation probability are verified.
CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Muhammad Sajjad, Tariq Shah, Qin Xin, Bander Almutairi
Summary: This article provides an overview of the theory behind the Eisenstein field and its extension field, as well as a detailed framework for building BCH codes over the EF. It also discusses the decoding of these codes using the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, and investigates their error-correcting capabilities and minimal distance expressions. The article offers researchers and engineers creating and implementing robust error-correcting codes for digital communication systems with valuable information on building, decoding, and performance assessment.