Article
Critical Care Medicine
Paul F. Pinsky, Eric Miller
Summary: This study used the SEER-Medicare database to assess various characteristics of low-dose CT (LDCT) scan lung cancer screening in US clinical practice. The study found that the use of LDCT scans was relatively low but increased over time. Patients with lung cancer who underwent screening had a higher proportion of early-stage cases and higher survival rates.
Article
Oncology
Eric W. Zhang, Jo-Anne O. Shepard, Anderson Kuo, Wariya Chintanapakdee, Florence Keane, Justin F. Gainor, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Michael Lanuti, Inga T. Lennes, Subba R. Digumarthy
Summary: The study investigated the characteristics and outcomes of screening-detected lung cancers, and found that LCS implementation achieved a higher cancer detection rate, detection of early-stage cancers, and more multifocal lung cancers compared with the NLST, with low complications and mortality.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Fatemeh Homayounieh, Pingkun Yan, Subba R. Digumarthy, Uwe Kruger, Ge Wang, Mannudeep K. Kalra
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between whole heart radiomics obtained from low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening and coronary artery calcification and stenosis. Results showed that whole heart radiomics were more effective in differentiating patients with different Agatston scores and MESA risk scores for cardiovascular diseases.
ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shreya Biswas, Somnath Chatterjee, Arindam Majee, Shibaprasad Sen, Friedhelm Schwenker, Ram Sarkar
Summary: The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has had a significant impact on the world, with over 3.9 million deaths reported as of June 2021. While vaccinations have begun, challenges remain in developing countries. Utilizing computer-assisted identification systems and CT imaging can aid in the accurate diagnosis of COVID-19.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jiaqi Cui, Zhengyang Jiao, Zhigong Wei, Xiaolin Hu, Yan Wang, Jianghong Xiao, Xingchen Peng
Summary: This study proposes a contour-free dose prediction method based on CT images, which utilizes a generative adversarial network (GAN) and a multi-task learning (MTL) strategy to accurately generate dose distribution maps without the need for manual contour delineation. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and improvements of this method, and the proposed method outperforms other mainstream methods in terms of performance.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ting Liang, Yonghao Du, Chenguang Guo, Yuan Wang, Jin Shang, Jian Yang, Gang Niu
Summary: For CT-guided lung nodule biopsy, using an ULD protocol can significantly reduce radiation dose compared to conventional helical mode scan, without significant changes in accuracy, image quality, and complication rate.
Article
Orthopedics
Daniel J. Lorenzana, Justin Solomon, Robert J. French, Erin McCrum, Filip Jonkergouw, Oke A. Anakwenze, Tally Lassiter, Ehsan Samei, Christopher S. Klifto
Summary: The study evaluated the utility of simulated low-dose CT images for preoperative planning in total shoulder arthroplasty. The results showed that simulated low-dose CT images were sufficient for reliable measurement of glenoid version, glenoid inclination, and humeral head subluxation by both preoperative planning software and physician-observers. This suggests the potential for substantial reduction in radiation dose in preoperative shoulder CT scans without compromising surgical planning.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Anne-Laure Brun, Marie-Laure Chabi, Clement Picard, Francois Mellot, Philippe A. Grenier
Summary: Chronic lung allograft rejection, also known as CLAD, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. It consists of two main phenotypes, Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS) and Restrictive Allograft Syndrome (RAS), each characterized by specific functional and imaging features. CT plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and follow-up of CLAD patients, helping to exclude identifiable causes, detect early abnormalities, differentiate between obstructive and restrictive phenotypes, and track disease progression.
Article
Biology
Farhanaz Farheen, Md Salman Shamil, Nabil Ibtehaz, M. Sohel Rahman
Summary: This paper investigates lung tumor segmentation using a two-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and a Deeply Supervised MultiResUNet model. The combination of DWT and deep supervision leads to an improved dice coefficient and lightweight approach.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Qiang Cai, Natthaya Triphuridet, Yeqing Zhu, Nan You, Rowena Yip, David F. Yankelevitz, Claudia Henschke
Summary: Bronchiectasis is prevalent in smokers undergoing low-dose CT screening, and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and acute events increases with the severity of the Early Lung and Cardiac Action Program Bronchiectasis score.
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Deepti Singhvi, Jessica Bon
Summary: Comorbidities significantly impact COPD patients, and targeted early screening and treatment may have a significant effect on COPD outcomes. Recent studies suggest that certain radiographic features can serve as surrogate markers for comorbid disease in COPD patients.
Review
Oncology
J. L. Dickson, C. Horst, A. Nair, S. Tisi, R. Prendecki, S. M. Janes
Summary: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with early detection playing a crucial role in improving survival rates. Studies have shown that low-dose computed tomography can significantly reduce lung cancer-specific mortality. Despite some barriers and concerns, this screening method should still be widely promoted.
ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Kuei-Yuan Hou, Ching-Ching Yang
Summary: This study aims to reduce image noise in coronary artery calcium (CAC) scans using the DenseNet method for improving coronary calcification detection in CT. The results show that the DenseNet method can effectively remove statistical noise from images reconstructed with a slice thickness of 1.5 mm without causing significant texture change or variation in HU values.
ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Yang Wang, Fang Liu, Yan Mo, Chencui Huang, Yingxin Chen, Fuliang Chen, Xiangwei Zhang, Yunxin Yin, Qiang Liu, Lin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of CT reconstruction slice thickness and contrast-enhancement phase on the differential diagnosis performance of radiomic signature in lung adenocarcinoma. The results showed that different slice thickness and contrast-enhanced scan phase did not affect the discriminating ability in the radiomics models.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Sohee Park, Sang Min Lee, Seonok Kim, Sehoon Choi, Wooil Kim, Kyung-Hyun Do, Joon Beom Seo
Summary: The study found that the performance of radiomics models for predicting DFS in NSCLC patients was not significantly affected by CT slice thickness. The models showed consistent performance across different slice thickness datasets and the mixed slice thickness dataset, indicating that CT slice thickness does not impact the prognostic accuracy of radiomics models.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Daniel Kotok, Libing Yang, John W. Evankovich, William Bain, Daniel G. Dunlap, Faraaz Shah, Yingze Zhang, Dimitris Manatakis, Panayiotis Benos, Ian J. Barbash, Sarah F. Rapport, Janet S. Lee, Alison Morris, Bryan J. McVerry, Georgios D. Kitsios
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoyu Ge, Vineet K. Raghu, Panos K. Chrysanthis, Panayiotis Benos
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Georgios D. Kitsios, Haopu Yang, Libing Yang, Shulin Qin, Adam Fitch, Xiao-Hong Wang, Katherine Fair, John Evankovich, William Bain, Faraaz Shah, Kelvin Li, Barbara Methe, Panayiotis Benos, Alison Morris, Bryan J. McVerry
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Respiratory System
Eleanor Valenzi, Haopu Yang, John C. Sembrat, Libing Yang, Spencer Winters, Rachel Nettles, Daniel J. Kass, Shulin Qin, Xiaohong Wang, Michael M. Myerburg, Barbara Methe, Adam Fitch, Jonathan K. Alder, Panayiotis Benos, Bryan J. McVerry, Mauricio Rojas, Alison Morris, Georgios D. Kitsios
Summary: The study revealed the heterogeneity of lung microbiota in patients with IPF, with different bacterial loads and compositions associated with distinct clinical outcomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nayra Cardenes, John Sembrat, Kentaro Noda, Tyler Lovelace, Diana Alvarez, Humberto E. Trejo Bittar, Brian J. Philips, Mehdi Nouraie, Panayiotis V. Benos, Pablo G. Sanchez, Mauricio Rojas
Summary: The study suggests that EVLP of diseased human lungs is suitable for translational research on chronic lung diseases. By perfusing the lungs for 6 hours with EVLP, researchers were able to assess airway mechanics, pulmonary hemodynamics, gas exchange, and biochemical parameters continuously. Tissue biopsies were also collected to isolate RNA and DNA for identifying unique gene expressions of different diseases, demonstrating the utility of EVLP as a relevant experimental model for understanding pulmonary pathophysiology and various human lung diseases.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Tamara Cruz, Minxue Jia, John Sembrat, Tracy Tabib, Naomi Agostino, Tullia C. Bruno, Dario Vignali, Pablo Sanchez, Robert Lafyatis, Ana L. Mora, Panayiotis Benos, Mauricio Rojas
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Milica Vukmirovic, Xitin Yan, Kevin F. Gibson, Mridu Gulati, Jonas C. Schupp, Giuseppe DeIuliis, Taylor S. Adams, Buqu Hu, Antun Mihaljinec, Tony N. Woolard, Heather Lynn, Nkiruka Emeagwali, Erica L. Herzog, Edward S. Chen, Alison Morris, Joseph K. Leader, Yingze Zhang, Joe G. N. Garcia, Lisa A. Maier, Ronald G. Collman, Wonder P. Drake, Michael J. Becich, Harry Hochheiser, Steven R. Wisniewski, Panayiotis V. Benos, David R. Moller, Antje Prasse, Laura L. Koth, Naftali Kaminski
Summary: The study identified specific gene expression patterns in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells that characterize major pulmonary phenotypes of sarcoidosis, suggesting the presence of distinct disease molecular endotypes. Major associations were found between transcriptional programs and pulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis, as well as potential endotypes reflecting different patterns of organ involvement. Validation of these endotypes was performed using gene expression data, pulmonary function tests, and cell differentials from an independent sarcoidosis cohort.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Vineet K. Raghu, Christopher M. Horvat, Patrick M. Kochanek, Ericka L. Fink, Robert S. B. Clark, Panayiotis V. Benos, Alicia K. Au
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between serum biomarkers and clinical variables with the development of neurologic complications, finding that neuronal and astrocyte biomarkers may be direct causal determinants for the development of these complications.
PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tracy Tabib, Mengqi Huang, Nina Morse, Anna Papazoglou, Rithika Behera, Minxue Jia, Melissa Bulik, Daisy E. Monier, Panayiotis V. Benos, Wei Chen, Robyn Domsic, Robert Lafyatis
Summary: Research indicates that dermal myofibroblasts in systemic sclerosis arise in a two-step process from progenitor fibroblasts expressing SFRP2/DPP4. These cells exhibit distinct transcriptome expression patterns, with some showing signs of proliferation. Only a fraction of progenitor cells differentiate into myofibroblasts under the control of various upstream transcription factors.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Laura M. Molina, Junjie Zhu, Qin Li, Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd, Yekaterina Krutsenko, Khaled Sayed, Nathaniel Jenkins, Ravi Vats, Bharat Bhushan, Sungjin Ko, Shikai Hu, Minakshi Poddar, Sucha Singh, Junyan Tao, Prithu Sundd, Aatur Singhi, Simon Watkins, Xiaochao Ma, Panayiotis Benos, Andrew Feranchak, George Michalopoulos, Kari Nejak-Bowen, Alan Watson, Aaron Bell, Satdarshan P. Monga
Summary: YAP1 plays a key role in bile duct development, while hepatocytes achieve adaptation through reduced metabolic and synthetic function to survive for 8 months, blocking the formation of the biliary tree.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Georgios D. Kitsios, Daniel Kotok, Haopu Yang, Malcolm A. Finkelman, Yonglong Zhang, Noel Britton, Xiaoyun Li, Marina S. Levochkina, Amy K. Wagner, Caitlin Schaefer, John J. Villandre, Rui Guo, John W. Evankovich, William Bain, Faraaz Shah, Yingze Zhang, Barbara A. Methe, Panayiotis Benos, Bryan J. McVerry, Alison Morris
Summary: The study suggests that elevated levels of BDG in critically ill patients are associated with inflammation and poor outcomes. BDG measurements can predict ventilator-free days and survival, and may translocate from either the lung or gut compartment.
Editorial Material
Physiology
George Bebis, Doron Levy, Russell Rockne, Ernesto Augusto Bueno Da Fonseca Lima, Panayiotis V. Benos
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xin Bing, Tyler Lovelace, Florentina Bunea, Marten Wegkamp, Sudhir Pai Kasturi, Harinder Singh, Panayiotis Benos, Jishnu Das
Summary: High-dimensional cellular and molecular profiling of biological samples highlights the need for analytical approaches that can integrate multi-omic datasets to generate prioritized causal inferences. Here, we present Essential Regression (ER), a novel interpretable machine-learning approach that addresses these problems by identifying latent factors and their likely cause-effect relationships with system-wide outcomes/properties of interest. ER outperforms other methods in terms of prediction and can be coupled with probabilistic graphical modeling to strengthen causal inferences. The utility of ER is demonstrated using multi-omic system immunology datasets to generate and validate novel cellular and molecular inferences in various contexts.
Article
Cell Biology
Anthony R. Cillo, Ashwin Somasundaram, Feng Shan, Carly Cardello, Creg J. Workman, Georgios D. Kitsios, Ayana T. Ruffin, Sheryl Kunning, Caleb Lampenfeld, Sayali Onkar, Stephanie Grebinoski, Gaurav Deshmukh, Barbara Methe, Chang Liu, Sham Nambulli, Lawrence P. Andrews, W. Paul Duprex, Alok Joglekar, Panayiotis Benos, Prabir Ray, Anuradha Ray, Bryan J. McVerry, Yingze Zhang, Janet S. Lee, Jishnu Das, Harinder Singh, Alison Morris, Tullia C. Bruno, Dario A. A. Vignali
Summary: Through extensive analysis, it has been found that immune cell states are closely related to mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19, and single-cell RNA sequencing is helpful in deciphering immune states. Additionally, persistently high levels of interferon signaling module and upregulation of CXCL10 in SARS-CoV-2-infected myeloid cells are associated with an increased risk of death.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Vineet K. Raghu, Xiaoyu Ge, Arun Balajiee, Daniel J. Shirer, Isha Das, Panayiotis Benos, Panos K. Chrysanthis
Summary: Genome sequencing technologies have the potential to transform clinical decision making and biomedical research by enabling high-throughput measurements of the genome at a granular level. It is important to integrate high-throughput genomic data with demographic, phenotypic, environmental, and behavioral information, and infer relationships between these data types for better understanding of disease mechanisms and prediction of medical interventions. A new methodology called piPref-Div has been proposed to select informative variables for probabilistic graphical models, improving breast cancer outcome prediction and providing biologically interpretable views of gene expression data.
IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)