Plasma concentrations of soluble endoglin in the maternal circulation are associated with maternal vascular malperfusion lesions in the placenta of women with preeclampsia

We evaluated the association between plasma soluble endoglin (sENG) and maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) lesions of the placenta in women with preeclampsia. We measured sENG (sCD105) by ELISA in N = 70 women diagnosed with preeclampsia (median [IQR] GA at sampling = 36.4 [6.0] weeks) and available placental pathology. Placental pathology reports were reviewed for evidence of MVM based on the presence of >= 1 of the following: villous infarct, decidual vasculopathy, accelerated villous maturation, intervillous fibrin deposition, and/or low placental weight (< 10th percentile for GA). We categorized plasma sENG concentrations into tertiles and used a modified Poisson regression approach to estimate the prevalence of MVM associated with sENG. We separately estimated the association between sENG and accelerated villous maturation, villous infarct, and low placental weight, the three most frequent lesions in the sample. We adjusted all models for age, parity, pre-pregnancy obesity, smoking, and infant sex. The prevalence of MVM in our sample of women with preeclampsia was 74%. Women in the highest sENG tertile had a higher prevalence of MVM (aPR[adjusted prevalence ratio] 1.70, 95% CI 1.15-2.52), low placental weight (aPR 3.26, 95% CI 1.25-8.50), and villous infarcts (aPR 2.93, 95% CI 1.27-6.73) compared with women in the lowest sENG tertile, after adjusting for covariates. Medium (aPR 2.57, 95% CI 1.17-5.66) and high (aPR 3.14, 95% CI 1.47-6.70) tertile concentrations of sENG were associated with higher accelerated villous maturation. Our results suggest that sENG may mark a more severe placental phenotype of preeclampsia, although findings should be replicated in larger cohorts.