Article
Cell Biology
Jonathan. M. M. Memme, Victoria. C. C. Sanfrancesco, David. A. A. Hood
Summary: Mitochondrial function is crucial for overall health and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) plays a significant role in maintaining mitochondrial quality control. In this study, the transcription factor ATF4 was found to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and myotube formation in muscle cells. ATF4 also facilitated enhanced mitochondrial networking, protein handling, and clearance of dysfunctional organelles, ultimately leading to the formation of a smaller pool of high-functioning mitochondria that are more responsive to contractile activity. These findings expand our understanding of ATF4 beyond its known functions and highlight its importance in regulating mitochondrial morphology, lysosomal biogenesis, and mitophagy in muscle cells.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Won-Chul Lim, Eun Ju Shin, Tae-Gyu Lim, Jae Woong Choi, Nho-Eul Song, Hee-Do Hong, Chang-Won Cho, Young Kyoung Rhee
Summary: G-Rf enhances exercise endurance in mice by promoting myoblast differentiation and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis through the AMPK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, leading to increased energy production.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yukai Lu, Zihao Zhang, Song Wang, Yan Qi, Fang Chen, Yang Xu, Mingqiang Shen, Mo Chen, Naicheng Chen, Lijing Yang, Shilei Chen, Fengchao Wang, Yongping Su, Mengjia Hu, Junping Wang
Summary: Srebf1c gene plays a crucial role in regulating the fate of hematopoietic stem cells by modulating the activity of the TSC1-mTOR-mitochondria axis to restrain excessive activation of mitochondrial metabolism.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jason S. Hinkle, Caroline N. Rivera, Roger A. Vaughan
Summary: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity, elevated blood metabolites, and reduced mitochondrial metabolism. This study investigated the effects of the AMPK activator AICAR on the metabolism and expression of BCAA catabolic enzymes in cultured myotubes. The results demonstrated that AICAR treatment increased mitochondrial content, AMPK activation, and the overall BCAA catabolic capacity in skeletal muscle cells. These findings suggest that AMPK activation plays a role in regulating BCAA metabolism and may have implications for the study of type 2 diabetes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zehra Irshad, Jenny Lund, Anne Sillars, Nils Gunnar Lovsletten, Seley Gharanei, Ian P. Salt, Dilys J. Freeman, Jason M. R. Gill, G. Hege Thoresen, Arild C. Rustan, Victor A. Zammit
Summary: The roles of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in lipid metabolism and insulin responsiveness of human skeletal muscle were investigated using cryosections and myotubes. It was found that DGAT2 inhibition decreased fatty acid uptake and oxidation in myotubes, and also increased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. The effects of DGAT1 and DGAT2 inhibition on acetate uptake and metabolism in myotubes were different.
Article
Cell Biology
Jia Guo, Feng Zhou, Zhi Liu, Yuan Cao, Wanming Zhao, Zheru Zhang, Qiming Zhai, Yan Jin, Bei Li, Fang Jin
Summary: Combining exosomes with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) has a remarkable effect on bone regeneration. Exosomes promote osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs by transferring mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA and enhancing glutamate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity. This study provides a new potential strategy to improve DPSC-based bone regenerative treatment.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yiyi Zhu, Weiwei Gui, Bowen Tan, Ying Du, Jiaqiang Zhou, Fang Wu, Hong Li, Xihua Lin
Summary: The study discovered that IGF2 expression in skeletal muscle cells is influenced by exercise training, and IGF2 plays a crucial role in the function of skeletal muscle cells, with a lack of IGF2 leading to decreased mitochondrial function. Through the regulatory pathway of IGF2-SIRT1-PGC1α, mitochondrial regulation in skeletal muscle cells may be achieved.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tzu-Huai Lin, Dana M. Bis-Brewer, Amy E. Sheehan, Louise N. Townsend, Daniel C. Maddison, Stephan Zuchner, Gaynor A. Smith, Marc R. Freeman
Summary: This study found that TSG101 inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis in axons, which is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial numbers and sizes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tugce Boran, Ozge Sultan Zengin, Zehra Seker, Aysenur Gunaydin Akyildiz, Ezgi Oztas, Gul Ozhan
Summary: Ripretinib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Common side effects include myalgia and fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondria in ripretinib-induced skeletal muscle toxicity.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Priya Prakash Sharma, Twinkle Godhwani, Vallikanan Baskaran
Summary: Padina tetrastromatica, a type of brown algae, contains anti-obesity molecules pTL and pFx, which have been found to reduce triglyceride accumulation and improve mitochondrial function. Based on these findings, a functional food made from P.tetrastromatica and barley was formulated, which showed anti-adipogenic and thermogenic effects in cells. The food also had low glycemic index and nutritional quality, making it potentially beneficial for managing obesity.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tian Zhao, Jiaojiao Zhang, Hong Lei, Yuanyuan Meng, Hongcheng Cheng, Yanping Zhao, Guangfeng Geng, Chenglong Mu, Linbo Chen, Qiangqiang Liu, Qian Luo, Chuanmei Zhang, Yijia Long, Jingyi Su, Yinhao Wang, Zhuoya Li, Jiaxing Sun, Guo Chen, Yanjun Li, Xudong Liao, Yingli Shang, Gang Hu, Quan Chen, Yushan Zhu
Summary: This study demonstrates that viruses exploit mitochondrial biogenesis to counteract innate antiviral immunity. NRF1 is essential for virus-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and its deficiency enhances innate immunity. Virus-induced inhibition of NRF1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis aggravates mitochondrial damage, promotes mtDNA release, increases mtROS production, and activates innate immune response.
Review
Neurosciences
Jonathan M. Memme, Avigail T. Erlich, David A. Hood, Geetika Phukan
Summary: Mitochondrial health is crucial for cellular function and overall vitality, with skeletal muscle serving as a key model tissue for studying mitochondrial adaptations. The plasticity of mitochondria allows for adjustments in response to exercise, contributing to metabolic health in individuals with various diseases and aging. Further research into mitochondrial turnover mechanisms in muscle could provide therapeutic targets for improving health and longevity in aging populations.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hongrui Guo, Ling Wei, Yihan Wang, Hengmin Cui, Huidan Deng, Yanqiu Zhu, Junliang Deng, Yi Geng, Ping Ouyang, Weiming Lai, Zongjun Du, Xueqin Ni, Heng Yin, Jing Fang, Zhicai Zuo
Summary: Nickel (Ni) is a hazardous chemical waste that can cause multi-organs toxicity. The liver is the major target organ for Ni accumulation and toxicity, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. This study found that NiCl2 treatment induced hepatic histopathological changes and mitochondrial damage in mice. NiCl2 inhibited mitochondrial biogenesis and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics, leading to increased mitophagy in the liver. The molecular mechanism of NiCl2-induced hepatotoxicity involves dysfunction of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Feibo Xu, Yanfei Li, Zheng Cao, Jian Zhang, Wanyue Huang
Summary: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminates foodstuffs and feeds, causing liver injury and mitochondrial dysfunction, which triggers mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and ultimately induces hepatic lesions.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Enxiang Zhang
Summary: PLIN5 plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial-mediated lipogenesis and the interaction between lipid droplets and mitochondria.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Madison E. Rivera, Emily S. Lyon, Roger A. Vaughan
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Madison E. Rivera, Emily S. Lyon, Michele A. Johnson, Roger A. Vaughan
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hailey A. Parry, Madison E. Rivera, Roger A. Vaughan, Kyle L. Sunderland
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chad M. Paton, Yura Son, Roger A. Vaughan, Jamie A. Cooper
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Madison E. Rivera, Emily S. Lyon, Michele A. Johnson, Kyle L. Sunderland, Roger A. Vaughan
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Madison E. Rivera, Caroline N. Rivera, Roger A. Vaughan
Summary: The study aimed to examine the effect of a BCAA mixture on muscle insulin signaling in vitro, showing that BCAA treatment could reduce basal insulin signaling in healthy cells and insulin-stimulated insulin signaling in insulin resistant cells. However, further investigation is needed to determine the extent of these observations in vivo models.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Madison E. Rivera, Roger A. Vaughan
Summary: The study found that excess lipid and excess insulin can lead to reduced mitochondrial metabolism in myotubes, with an increase in glycolytic metabolism. These stressors independently have negative effects on insulin signaling, mitochondrial function, and cell metabolism, while the combined treatment has a more significant impact on metabolic regulators.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina J. Krone, Caroline N. Rivera, Madison E. Rivera, Rachel M. Watne, Sarah E. Lemonds, Andrew J. Wommack, Roger A. Vaughan
Summary: This study found that supraphysiological concentrations of glutamine have no significant effect on myotube metabolism and insulin signaling, while physiological levels of glutamine can improve metabolism.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jason S. Hinkle, Caroline N. Rivera, Roger A. Vaughan
Summary: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity, elevated blood metabolites, and reduced mitochondrial metabolism. This study investigated the effects of the AMPK activator AICAR on the metabolism and expression of BCAA catabolic enzymes in cultured myotubes. The results demonstrated that AICAR treatment increased mitochondrial content, AMPK activation, and the overall BCAA catabolic capacity in skeletal muscle cells. These findings suggest that AMPK activation plays a role in regulating BCAA metabolism and may have implications for the study of type 2 diabetes.
Article
Cell Biology
Caroline N. Rivera, Madison M. Kamer, Madison E. Rivera, Rachel M. Watne, Trent C. Macgowan, Andrew J. Wommack, Roger A. Vaughan
Summary: Insulin resistance, but not BCAA treatment, promotes extracellular BCAA accumulation independent of changes in LAT1 content, suggesting insulin resistance as a causal agent of extracellular BCAA accumulation.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Jason S. Hinkle, Caroline N. Rivera, Roger A. Vaughan
Summary: BCAA are essential in the diet and have effects on cell energetics, especially in mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the physiological relevance of these findings in humans is still unclear. Further well-controlled diet studies are needed to evaluate the association between BCAA consumption and increased mitochondrial biogenesis and improved metabolic outcomes.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caroline N. N. Rivera, Rachel M. M. Watne, Zoe A. A. Brown, Samantha A. A. Mitchell, Andrew J. J. Wommack, Roger A. A. Vaughan
Summary: Individuals with insulin resistance often have elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) due to reduced BCAA breakdown capacity. This study examined the impact of AMPK activation on LAT1 expression, the primary BCAA transporter, in a skeletal muscle cell model. The findings suggest that AMPK activation can reduce LAT1 expression and BCAA uptake, particularly in a glucose-dependent manner.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Madison E. Rivera, Caroline N. Rivera, Roger A. Vaughan
Summary: The study indicates that supraphysiologically high levels of BCAA may negatively impact mitochondrial metabolism, and concurrent insulin resistance may diminish peak mitochondrial capacity and impede molecular adaptations supporting a transition to a glycolytic preference.