Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Walaa Fakih, Ralph Zeitoun, Ibrahim AlZaim, Ali H. Eid, Firas Kobeissy, Khaled S. Abd-Elrahman, Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
Summary: The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality and causes cerebral vascular dysfunction and cognitive deficits. It disrupts key homeostatic processes in the brain and is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhiqiang Deng, Yu Dong, Xiaoting Zhou, Jia-Hong Lu, Zhenyu Yue
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent and harmful neurodegenerative disorder with no effective interventions currently available. Dysfunctional autophagy may be a cellular mechanism underlying the progression of the disease, and autophagy modulators could provide new approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohsin Ali Khan, Zaw Ali Khan, Fouzia Shoeb, Ghizal Fatima, Rizwan Hasan Khan, Mohammad M. Khan
Summary: Patients with Alzheimer's disease often have insulin resistance in both peripheral tissues and the brain, which can contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Elevated levels of intracellular fatty acids, specifically saturated fatty acids, could induce insulin resistance and inflammation. Regulating de novo lipogenesis may be an effective therapy for improving insulin sensitivity and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Carlos Elias Conti Filho, Lairane Bridi Loss, Clairton Marcolongo-Pereira, Joamyr Victor Rossoni Junior, Rafael Mazioli Barcelos, Orlando Chiarelli-Neto, Bruno Spalenza da Silva, Roberta Passamani Ambrosio, Fernanda Cristina de Abreu Quintela Castro, Sarah Fernandes Teixeira, Nathana Jamille Mezzomo
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly. No effective neuronal protective or regenerative drug is currently available. This study aimed to summarize the main advances in pharmacological therapy for AD.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yang Zheng, Yang Yu, Xu-Feng Chen, Sheng-Lan Yang, Xiao-Long Tang, Zheng-Guo Xiang
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders, with unclear mechanisms and lack of ideal treatments. Intestinal macrophage autophagy plays an important role in IBD, with potential implications for treatment by regulating inflammation and immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Nityaa Selvarajoo, Johnson Stanslas, Mohammad Kaisarul Islam, Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu, Ho Kok Lian, Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
Summary: This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer and the potential drug-like molecules that target these pathways. By targeting apoptosis and autophagy, the effectiveness of pancreatic cancer treatment can be improved. Several drugs have shown synergistic effects when combined with chemotherapy.
MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Scott Ayton, Stuart Portbury, Pawel Kalinowski, Puja Agarwal, Ibrahima Diouf, Julie A. Schneider, Martha Clare Morris, Ashley I. Bush
Summary: This paper proposes an updated version of the iron hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that brain iron levels are associated with disease progression and may play a role in neurodegeneration. Further research is needed to validate the hypothesis.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Wanli Chen, Weiwei Xiao, Xuzheng Liu, Pingping Yuan, Siqian Zhang, Yinggang Wang, Wei Wu
Summary: This study found that macrophage autophagy decreased with aging, leading to aggravated inflammation and poor vascular remodeling of artificial grafts. Pharmacological manipulation of macrophage autophagy was shown to promote macrophage polarization and biomaterial degradation, facilitating vascular regeneration.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xin Liu, Xinchuan Zheng, Yongling Lu, Qian Chen, Jiang Zheng, Hong Zhou
Summary: This review discusses the role of TFEB in regulating the ALP pathway and its protective effects in sepsis, including immune modulation and organ protection. It also summarizes the diverse pharmacological targets of TFEB activators and recent advances in their potential therapeutic applications for treating sepsis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chloe G. McKee, Madison Hoffos, Haley A. Vecchiarelli, Marie-Eve Tremblay
Summary: As individuals age, microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), become less effective at preserving brain circuits. Increases in microglial inflammatory activity are thought to contribute to age-related declines in cognitive functions and to transitions toward mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preclinical and early phase clinical trials investigating the therapeutic effects of pharmacological agents acting on microglia are currently underway, but important questions about target selectivity and microglial heterogeneity remain unanswered.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Fatme Seval Ismail, Franco Corvace, Pedro M. Faustmann, Timo Jendrik Faustmann
Summary: Astrocytes and microglia are crucial cell populations in the central nervous system (CNS) beyond neurons. They play essential roles in neuronal network support and pathophysiology of CNS disorders, offering potential targets for drug development and treatment strategies. Studying these non-neuronal cells can lead to a better understanding of CNS diseases and investigational approaches for pharmacological research.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Azizi Seixas, Farid A. Rajabli, Margaret Pericak-Vance, Girardin L. Jean-Louis, Ioannis Tarnanas
Summary: This study investigated a digital neuro signature biomarker in predicting cognitive functioning and changes in older adults, compared to traditional biomarkers. The study also explored which demographic and clinical factors predicted the digital neuro signature biomarker in cognitively impaired and healthy older adults. The findings suggest that digital biomarkers may offer more reliable predictions of cognitive functioning and changes in older adults compared to traditional biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francisco Diaz-Saez, Carla Blanco-Sinfreu, Adria Archilla-Ortega, David Sebastian, Montserrat Romero, Maria Isabel Hernandez-Alvarez, Silvia Mora, Xavier Testar, Wifredo Ricart, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real, Jose Maria Moreno-Navarrete, Julian Aragones, Marta Camps, Antonio Zorzano, Anna Guma
Summary: The downregulation of Nrg4 in adipocytes impairs insulin action, likely due to decreased insulin receptor and Glut4 proteins, while also increasing proinflammatory cytokine expression and upregulating proteins involved in autophagy. Restoring lysosomal activity can partially reverse these effects, indicating that Nrg4 plays a role in maintaining insulin responsiveness and regulating autophagy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Yi-Ting Wang, Jia-Hong Lu
Summary: Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a protein degradation mechanism associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Modulating CMA has been shown to promote the degradation of ND-associated proteins and alleviate ND phenotypes, making it a potential therapeutic strategy for ND.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Perez-Gonzalez, Sara Badesso, Elena Lorenzo, Elizabeth Guruceaga, Alberto Perez-Mediavilla, Ana Garcia-Osta, Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor
Summary: Understanding the mechanisms of cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease is crucial for identifying novel treatments. The study revealed that pathways involving inflammation, amyloid degradation, memory function, and neurotransmission may play a role in cognitive resilience. Additionally, a reduction in peripheral immune cell influx and decreased CD4 expression were associated with cognitive resilience in AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Firas H. Bazzari, Dalaal M. Abdallah, Hanan S. El-Abhar
Review
Neurosciences
Amjad H. Bazzari, Firas H. Bazzari
Summary: This article summarizes the maladaptation in sensory neural plasticity of nociceptive pathways and its association with chronic pain. The research evaluates the mechanisms and efficacy of non-pharmacological pain treatment modalities, including neurostimulation, virtual reality, cognitive therapy, and rehabilitation.
EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amjad H. Bazzari, Firas H. Bazzari
Summary: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important factor in the adult brain, playing essential roles in neuronal development, maintenance, transmission, and plasticity. Reduced BDNF levels are associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, making it a potential biomarker. Restoring or augmenting BDNF transmission has shown promising therapeutic effects in animal models of neurological and psychiatric diseases, although the underlying mechanisms vary. This review summarizes the neurophysiology of BDNF and classifies the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potentials, including neuroprotection, synaptic maintenance, immunomodulation, plasticity facilitation, and preservation of cellular viability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Firas H. Bazzari, Amjad H. Bazzari
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review of all BACE1 inhibitors that have reached clinical trials, and discusses the challenges and different perspectives on whether BACE1 inhibitors should be reconsidered or revitalized in the future.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
F. H. Bazzari, A. H. Bazzari
SA PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
(2019)