Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nico J. Overeem, Erhard van der Vries, Jurriaan Huskens
Summary: This review explores how influenza viruses navigate mucus and recognize host cells through multivalent interactions. The surface proteins of the influenza A virus facilitate specific binding to host cells, and the importance of these multivalent interactions in crossing mucus and entering host cells is discussed. Techniques to measure the avidity and receptor specificity of influenza viruses are also reviewed.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Maria Emilia Cano, Walter Emiliano Jara, Alejandro J. Cagnoni, Emmanuel Brizzio, Miriam C. Strumia, Evangelina Repetto, Maria Laura Uhrig
Summary: In this study, a synthetic dimerization methodology was explored to increase the valency of multivalent ligands. Four thiopropargyl sugar derivatives were synthesized as building blocks in copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The synthesis of discrete dendrimer scaffolds carrying both the protected S-linked sugar moieties and a thioacetate group allowed for dimerization and oxidation of sulfides to disulfides, leading to the doubling of the valency of the glycoclusters. The method was compatible with various protected sugars and resulted in ligands with high binding affinities to human galectin-3.
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Panagiotis G. Georgiou, Collette S. Guy, Muhammad Hasan, Ashfaq Ahmad, Sarah-Jane Richards, Alexander N. Baker, Neer Thakkar, Marc Walker, Sarojini Pandey, Neil R. Anderson, Dimitris Grammatopoulos, Matthew Gibson
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the importance of innovative biosensing, diagnostic, and surveillance platforms. This study demonstrates that glycosylated, polymer-stabilized, gold nanorods can bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and correlate with the presence of the virus in COVID-19 clinical samples. The use of polymer tethering of glycans shows promise for plasmonic biosensors in infection detection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simon J. L. Petitjean, Wenzhang Chen, Melanie Koehler, Ravikumar Jimmidi, Jinsung Yang, Danahe Mohammed, Blinera Juniku, Megan L. Stanifer, Steeve Boulant, Stephane P. Vincent, David Alsteens
Summary: This study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 specifically binds to 9-O-acetylated sialic acid on cell surfaces and proposes novel inhibitors for viral infection. Understanding the molecular details of virus-cell binding and developing anti-viral strategies are urgent tasks in response to the emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Colman Moore, Yong Cheng, Natalia Tjokro, Brendan Zhang, Matthew Kerr, Mohammed Hayati, Kai Chiao Joe Chang, Nisarg Shah, Casey Chen, Jesse Jokerst
Summary: We report a dual-modal fluorescent and photoacoustic imaging probe for the detection of gingipain proteases secreted by P. gingivalis. The probe showed significant photoacoustic enhancement and fluorescence activation, with low detection limits. It demonstrated good diagnostic efficacy in porcine jaws and gingival crevicular fluid samples from periodontal disease subjects. Additionally, photoacoustic imaging of the probe was achieved in murine brains ex vivo.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patrick B. Konietzny, Hannelore Peters, Marc L. Hofer, Ulla I. M. Gerling-Driessen, Robert P. de Vries, Thomas Peters, Laura Hartmann
Summary: Sialoglycans play a key role in biological recognition processes and their multivalent presentation is crucial for high-affinity binding. This study combines solid phase polymer synthesis and enzymatic sialylation to successfully synthesize sequence-defined sialylated macromolecules. Surprisingly, an unexpected side reaction involving Tris-sialoside formation was observed.
MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yixin Yuan, Shaopo Zu, Yunfei Zhang, Fujie Zhao, Xiaohui Jin, Hui Hu
Summary: The study reveals that sialic acid (SA) can act as an attachment receptor for Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), enhancing virus attachment to cells by increasing the number of viruses binding to SA on the cell surface. This novel finding sheds light on the mechanisms of PDCoV-host interactions and may contribute to the development of new strategies for controlling PDCoV infection.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Huibin Zhang, Haiyang Yu, Minghua Deng, Zhanpeng Ren, Ziqin Li, Lei Zhang, Jiashen Li, Erjing Wang, Xianbao Wang, Jinhua Li
Summary: A new type of solution-gated graphene transistor was developed for highly sensitive and real-time detection of sialic acid (SA) by binding boric acid groups to diol monosaccharides. The sensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 10-19 M and a good linear relationship between the electrical current response and logarithmic values of SA concentrations in the range of 10-19 M to 10-5 M. It also exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and potential for clinical application.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Biophysics
Vanessa E. Abrantes-Coutinho, Andre O. Santos, Rafael B. Moura, Francisco N. Pereira-Junior, Lucia H. Mascaro, Simone Morais, Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira
Summary: Lectin-based biosensors have made significant progress in the field of electroanalysis, offering high sensitivity, specificity, precision, and stability for the detection of clinically relevant carbohydrates and glycoproteins. By combining different materials and functional groups, these sensors can further enhance detection performance and applicability.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gyu Hwan Hyun, Da-Hye Jeong, Yoon Young Yang, In Ho Cho, Yu-Jin Ha, Xiaohui Xing, D. Wade Abbott, Yves S. Y. Hsieh, Yun Pyo Kang, Jong-Ho Cha, Soon-Sun Hong, Seul Ji Lee, You-Sun Kim, Sung Won Kwon
Summary: Current cancer immunotherapeutic strategies mainly focus on remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) to make it favorable for antitumor immunity. A galactan-enriched nanocomposite (Gal-NC) has been developed as a carbohydrate nanoadjuvant with a macrophage-targeting feature, which can effectively restore and enhance the weakened antitumor immunity. Gal-NC mediates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, inducing the repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) towards immunostimulatory/tumoricidal M1-like phenotypes, leading to increased intratumoral population of cytotoxic T cells and synergistically enhancing T-cell-mediated antitumor response.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Uwe Osswald, Johannes Boneberg, Valentin Wittmann
Summary: Multivalent receptor-ligand binding is crucial in biological recognition processes. The incorporation of photoswitches into multivalent ligands enables the reversible change of spatial orientation, resulting in altered binding affinity and mode. This study presents a divalent ligand for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) with an arylazopyrazole photoswitch, showing significant changes in lectin binding affinity and mode.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jian Lv, Shuai Chang, Xiaoyuan Wang, Zerui Zhou, Binbin Chen, Ruocan Qian, Dawei Li
Summary: The study presents a highly efficient and convenient two-step tagging strategy for live-cell profiling of membrane sialic acids using fluorescence imaging and SERS labeling. By using tumor markers as model proteins, sialic acids can be partitioned into distinct space domains, allowing for classification of various types of cells. This strategy provides a robust and versatile platform for highly detailed analysis of cell surface saccharide profiles, with potential applications in optical biosensing and molecular diagnosis.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hao Chang, Yu Mei, Yidan Li, Luqing Shang
Summary: In this study, a novel neuraminidase fluorescent probe with aggregation-induced emission and excited state intramolecular proton transfer activity was developed for influenza virus detection. The probe showed high sensitivity and strong fluorescence signal towards neuraminidase, making it suitable for influenza virus detection and living cell imaging. It was also able to distinguish oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus from wild type.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kazuto Yamazaki, Kenji Kubara, Yuta Suzuki, Taro Hihara, Daisuke Kurotaki, Tomohiko Tamura, Masashi Ito, Kappei Tsukahara
Summary: In this study, mannose-conjugated oligonucleotides were designed and used for targeted delivery to macrophages. The highly expressed mannose receptor in macrophages facilitated cellular uptake of the conjugated oligonucleotides. The delivery system showed efficient gene silencing in both human CD206-overexpressing cells and human macrophages, and demonstrated high distribution in the liver and pancreas after subcutaneous injection in mice.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yujun Kim, Ji Young Hyun, Injae Shin
Summary: Glycan-protein interactions are crucial in physiological processes and disease development. Multivalent glycans have been widely utilized in studying biological processes and discovering biomedical agents.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Madhuri Gade, Catherine Alex, Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye, Joao T. Monteiro, Sharon Yehuda, Bernd Lepenies, Vered Padler-Karavani, Raghavendra Kikkeri
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Rohan Yadav, Preeti Madhukar Chaudhary, Balamurugan Subramani, Suraj Toraskar, Harikrishna Bavireddi, Raghavendra Vasudeva Murthy, Sivakoti Sangabathuni, Raghavendra Kikkeri
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Chethan D. Shanthamurthy, Raghavendra Kikkeri
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Saurabh Anand, Sandhya Mardhekar, Rakesh Raigawali, Nirmala Mohanta, Prashant Jain, Chethan D. Shanthamurthy, Boopathy Gnanaprakasam, Raghavendra Kikkeri
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Chethan D. Shanthamurthy, Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye, Nanjundaswamy Vijendra Kumar, Sharon Yehuda, Ron Amon, Robert J. Woods, Vered Padler-Karavani, Raghavendra Kikkeri
Summary: Tailor-made HS mimetics with highly sulfated-IdoA tetrasaccharide exhibit strong binding to chemokines, blocking cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vitro. IdoA-based HS mimetics provide an alternative substrate for generating selective inhibitors for chemokines, paving the way for a wide range of new therapeutic applications in cancer biology and immunology.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chethan D. Shanthamurthy, Ana Gimeno, Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye, Nanjundaswamy Vijendra Kumar, Prashant Jain, Vered Padler-Karavani, Jesus Jimenez-Barbero, Ragahvendra Kikkeri
Summary: The activity of heparan sulfate (HS) has led to the discovery of many potential drug candidates that have the potential to impact medical science and human health. Structural diversity and synthetic challenges impede the progress of HS research. A library of novel L-iduronic acid (IdoA)-based HS mimics has been reported, showing high tunability in conformation plasticity and sulfation patterns, with 4-O-sulfated IdoA disaccharide (I-21) identified as a potential ligand for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(165)).
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Balamurugan Subramani, Preeti Madhukar Chaudhary, Raghavendra Kikkeri
Summary: Nanoparticles embedded with bioactive ligands have become a potential tool to target biological processes. Inverted cell-culture assay is a flexible and accurate method to study cellular uptake and cytotoxicity, demonstrating that the glycosylation patterns and shapes of NPs can affect receptor binding affinity. This study highlights the importance of understanding the interaction between nanoparticles and cells for precise targeting and delivery in biological processes.
CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suraj Toraskar, Preeti Madhukar Chaudhary, Raghavendra Kikkeri
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the size and shape of gold nanoparticles on carbohydrate antigen processing and immune response, revealing that spherical and star-shaped gold nanoparticles displayed superior immune response-inducing properties compared to rod-shaped nanoparticles.
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ariel Shitrit, Sandhya Mardhekar, Israel Alshanski, Prashant Jain, Rakesh Raigawali, Chethan D. Shanthamurthy, Raghavendra Kikkeri, Shlomo Yitzchaik, Mattan Hurevich
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans and the binding of heavy metal ions using electrochemical and surface characterization techniques. It was found that the uronic acid type and sulfation pattern play a crucial role in the binding of Hg(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II).
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sandhya Mardhekar, Balamurugan Subramani, Prasanna Samudra, Priyadharshini Srikanth, Virendrasinh Mahida, Preeti Ravindra Bhoge, Suraj Toraskar, Nixon M. Abraham, Raghavendra Kikkeri
Summary: The sulfation patterns on HS and CS regulate receptor-mediated homing of nanoprobes in primary and secondary cells. Aggressive cancer cells displayed a strong uptake of GAG-nanoprobes, while other cells showed selective or preferential uptake of CS-E-coated nanoprobes.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ankita Chandra, Preeti Ravindra Bhoge, K. R. Chethan, Chethan D. D. Shanthamurthy, Raghavendra Kikkeri
Summary: In this study, highly fluorescent gold nanoclusters were engineered with sulfated oligo-iduronic acid ligands (I34), which showed strong binding to the HB-EGF receptor over FGF2, and regulated EGF receptor-mediated cancer cell homing in both 2D and 3D cell culture systems. These findings provide a new practical imaging tool for carbohydrate research.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Preeti Ravindra Bhoge, Sandhya Mardhekar, Suraj Toraskar, Balamurugan Subramani, Raghavendra Kikkeri
Summary: This study demonstrates the synergistic effect of different shapes of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists in immune modulation activity. It was found that rod-shaped AuNPs were taken up quickly but had poor immunogenic response, while star-shaped AuNPs exhibited intense pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.
ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Preeti Ravindra Bhoge, Ankita Chandra, Raghavendra Kikkeri
Summary: Carbohydrate-protein interactions are crucial for regulating physiological and pathological processes. To enhance the avidity of these interactions, multivalent probes like nanoparticles and polymer scaffolds have been developed. The morphology of glyco-nanostructures also affects protein binding, bacterial adhesion, cellular internalization, and immune responses. This review focuses on the advancements in glyco-nanostructures of different shapes and their potential applications in glycobiology.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Prashant Jain, Chethan D. Shanthamurthy, Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye, Sharon Yehuda, Sharvani S. Nandikol, Hirekodathakallu Thulasiram, Vered Padler-Karavani, Raghavendra Kikkeri
Summary: A potential heparan sulfate (HS) ligand was discovered to target several growth factors using specific HS tetrasaccharide ligands. One tetrasaccharide ligand showed strong binding with the VEGF(165) growth factor, and in vitro experiments demonstrated the therapeutic potential of these synthetic HS ligands by inhibiting vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in the presence of VEGF(165) and the specific tetrasaccharides.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)