Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandip Mukherjee, Molee Chakraborty, Jake Haubner, Glen Ernst, Michael DePasquale, Danielle Carpenter, James C. Barrow, Anutosh Chakraborty
Summary: Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are global health concerns. LI-2242, an inhibitor of the inositol pyrophosphate pathway, shows potential therapeutic effects in obesity and NAFLD by reducing body weight, improving glycemic parameters, and ameliorating hepatic steatosis. LI-2242 also enhances mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and insulin signaling in adipocytes and hepatocytes in vitro.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marieh Salavatizadeh, Samira Soltanieh, Amirhossein Ataei Kachouei, Zahra Abdollahi Fallahi, Hamed Kord-Varkaneh, Hossein Poustchi, Asieh Mansour, Mohammad E. Khamseh, Fariba Alaei-Shahmiri, Heitor O. Santos, Azita Hekmatdoost
Summary: Dietary glycemic index (GI) is associated with the odds of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Higher GI diets are associated with increased risk of NAFLD in individuals with T2DM.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Svetlana Spremovic Radenovic, Miljan Pupovac, Mladen Andjic, Jovan Bila, Svetlana Sreckovic, Aleksandra Gudovic, Biljana Dragas, Nebojsa Radunovic
Summary: This review presents the current knowledge in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women. It highlights the associations of insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and inflammation with the development of NAFLD in PCOS women. Additionally, the possible roles of the gut microbiome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endocannabinoid system in NAFLD maintenance in PCOS women are discussed.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nella Polidori, Eleonora Agata Grasso, Francesco Chiarelli, Cosimo Giannini
Summary: The impaired plasmatic levels of BCAAs in obese children and adolescents are associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders, potentially through the activation of the mTORC1 complex causing insulin resistance, and the accumulation of toxic metabolites leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to pancreatic cells. These compounds may help in the early identification of complications related to pediatric obesity, but further studies are needed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sophia M. Schmitz, Sebastian Storms, Alexander Koch, Christine Stier, Andreas Kroh, Karl P. Rheinwalt, Sandra Schipper, Karim Hamesch, Tom F. Ulmer, Ulf P. Neumann, Patrick H. Alizai
Summary: A study on obese patients found that metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) patients are more prone to developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to metabolically healthy obese (MHO) patients. HOMA, an indicator of insulin resistance, independently predicts the presence of NASH and steatosis. Parameters of glucose metabolism are more accurate in predicting NASH than parameters of lipid metabolism, inflammation, or the presence of cardiovascular disease.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ida Sogaard Larsen, Beatrice S. -Y. Choi, Bandik Foeh, Nanna Ny Kristensen, Adia Ouellette, Rune Falkenberg Haller, Peter Bjarke Olsen, Delphine Saulnier, Christian Sina, Benjamin A. H. Jensen, Andre Marette
Summary: Growing evidence supports the use of probiotics to prevent or mitigate obesity-related dysmetabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the response to probiotic treatment varies depending on the obesogenic diets, highlighting the need to consider the impact of diet in preclinical and clinical probiotic studies.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xuefei Zhao, Xuedong An, Cunqing Yang, Wenjie Sun, Hangyu Ji, Fengmei Lian
Summary: Insulin resistance (IR) is crucial in metabolism-related diseases and provides a basis for understanding chronic diseases. This study reviewed the causes, mechanisms, and treatments of IR. Various factors including genetics, obesity, and disease lead to abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway and development of IR. Therapeutic strategies include exercise, dietary changes, chemotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments. Further research is needed to define biomarkers and explore targeted drug treatments for IR to improve patients' quality of life.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marcio H. C. Moura, Carlos M. Donado-Pestana, Larissa Rodrigues, Erika V. M. Pessoa, Rafaela Rossi e Silva, Willian T. Festuccia, Maria Ines Genovese
Summary: The study showed that polyphenols from Sabara jaboticaba have protective effects against obesity in mice, preventing various health problems related to obesity. These include reducing body weight and fat deposition, improving inflammation, blood glucose abnormalities, insulin resistance, among other benefits, as well as increasing energy expenditure.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rongya Tao, Oliver Stohr, Caixia Wang, Wei Qiu, Kyle D. Copps, Morris F. White
Summary: This study found that disruption of hepatic insulin signaling can reduce adipose mass and increase energy expenditure in mice, preventing obesity. Moreover, a protein called Fst produced by the liver was found to regulate energy expenditure through its effects on muscles, revealing the important communication between the liver and muscles in controlling energy balance and obesity.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Brandee Goo, Samah Ahmadieh, Abdalrahman Zarzour, Nicole K. H. Yiew, David Kim, Hong Shi, Jacob Greenway, Stephen Cave, Jenny Nguyen, Swetha Aribindi, Mark Wendolowski, Praneet Veerapaneni, Mourad Ogbi, Weiqin Chen, Yun Lei, Xin-Yun Lu, Ha Won Kim, Neal L. Weintraub
Summary: Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Research has found that adipocyte-specific deletion of the HDAC9 gene can alleviate obesity and metabolic diseases in female mice, but the effect is less significant in male mice. These findings reveal sex-related differences in the contribution of HDAC9 to obesity-related metabolic diseases.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guang Ren, Patrick Tae Joon Hwang, Reid Millican, Juhee Shin, Brigitta C. Brott, Thomas van Groen, Craig M. Powell, Sushant Bhatnagar, Martin E. Young, Ho-Wook Jun, Jeong-A Kim
Summary: This study demonstrates the effects of using PANO gel to inject exogenous NO on high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and cognitive functions. The use of PANO gel reduces body weight gain, improves glucose tolerance, decreases insulin and leptin levels, and enhances insulin signaling. Additionally, the PANO gel reduces inflammation, increases lipolysis, decreases serum lipids and liver triglycerides, stimulates the development of brown and beige fat tissues, increases cerebral blood flow, and improves learning and memory abilities.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Vincent G. Martinson, Michael R. Strand
Summary: This study found that mosquito development and fitness are strongly contingent on both diet and microbial community composition, revealing specific interactions between gut microbes and diets that affect the fitness of Aedes aegypti.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Shuhua Tian, Yunfan Wang, Xiangfei Li, Jie Liu, Jing Wang, Yingjian Lu
Summary: Sulforaphane (SFN) can alleviate obesity complications through various mechanisms, including reducing NAFLD, inflammation, oxidative stress, adipose tissue hypertrophy, and insulin resistance, as well as regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lydie Carreres, Zuzana Macek Jilkova, Guillaume Vial, Patrice N. Marche, Thomas Decaens, Herve Lerat
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and research is focusing on decoding the molecular mechanisms behind it to identify new therapeutic targets. Reliable, simple, and reproducible tools are necessary for investigating these pathways, with animal models such as diet-induced NAFLD and NASH being developed to mimic the human disease. Rat models, specifically the dietary model of NAFLD and NASH, are being used to study different dietary compositions and their effects on liver pathogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shaotong Ma, Xinyi Pang, Shuhua Tian, Jing Sun, Qiaobin Hu, Xiangfei Li, Yingjian Lu
Summary: Studies have shown that sulforaphane (SFN) has significant effects in alleviating metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), improving hepatic steatosis, reducing inflammation, and regulating bile acid and fatty acid metabolism.
Letter
Rheumatology
Maja Skov Kragsnaes, Jens Kjeldsen, Hans Christian Horn, Heidi Lausten Munk, Jens Kristian Pedersen, Soren Andreas Just, Palle Ahlquist, Jesper Romhild Davidsen, Anna Christine Nilsson, Richard Rottger, Mogens Kruhoffer, Julian R. Marchesi, Karsten Kristiansen, Robin Christensen, Torkell Ellingsen
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Gabriel Baldanzi, Sergi Sayols-Baixeras, Jenny Theorell-Haglow, Koen F. Dekkers, Ulf Hammar, Diem Nguyen, Yi-Ting Lin, Shafqat Ahmad, Jacob Bak Holm, Henrik Bjorn Nielsen, Louise Brunkwall, Christian Benedict, Jonathan Cedernaes, Sanna Koskiniemi, Mia Phillipson, Lars Lind, Johan Sundstrom, Goran Bergstrom, Gunnar Engstrom, J. Gustav Smith, Marju Orho-Melander, Johan Arnlov, Beatrice Kennedy, Eva Lindberg, Tove Fall
Summary: This study explores the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the composition and potential functions of the human gut microbiota. The results show that OSA-related hypoxia is associated with specific gut microbiota species and functions, and can lead to a decrease in microbial diversity. These findings provide a foundation for future research on the health effects of OSA on the gut microbiota.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Finn E. von Eyben, Karsten Kristiansen, Daniel S. Kapp, Rong Hu, Ovidiu Preda, Francisco F. Nogales
Summary: This review summarizes the literature on the gene expression and epigenetic regulation of germ cell tumors of the testis type II (TGCT). The seminoma subtype of TGCT expresses a panel of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) with four upregulated genes, while the embryonal carcinoma (EC) subtype has a different set of four upregulated genes. The epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, regulate the expression of these driver genes and contribute to the clinical characteristics of TGCT.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Jacob A. Rasmussen, Pia Kiilerich, Abdullah S. Madhun, Rune Waagbo, Erik-Jan R. Lock, Lise Madsen, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Karsten Kristiansen, Morten T. Limborg
Summary: Understanding the evolutionary relationships between a host and its intestinal resident bacteria can transform our understanding of adaptive phenotypic traits. This study reveals a strong co-evolution between the population structure of Atlantic salmon and nucleotide variability of the intestinal Mycoplasma populations, indicating an interplay between the host and its resident bacteria.
Article
Immunology
Daniel Andersen, Janne Marie Moll, Pankaj Arora, Niels Banhos Danneskiold-Samsoe, Si Brask Sonne, Christopher Thomas Workman, Andrew Richard Williams, Karsten Kristiansen, Susanne Brix
Summary: Intestinal tuft cells and immune responses were examined in mice fed a high-fat diet and gavaged with helminth PCF. Helminth PCF upregulated gene expression in tuft cells and increased levels of innate lymphoid cells and eosinophils. Network analyses revealed immunometabolic cues linking tuft cell response to fat mass ratio and eosinophils in eWAT to body fat mass regulation.
PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoqian Lin, Tongyuan Hu, Jianwei Chen, Hewei Liang, Jianwei Zhou, Zhinan Wu, Chen Ye, Xin Jin, Xun Xu, Wenwei Zhang, Xiaohuan Jing, Tao Yang, Jian Wang, Huanming Yang, Karsten Kristiansen, Liang Xiao, Yuanqiang Zou
Summary: The authors present an expanded version of the Cultivated Genome Reference (CGR), termed CGR2, which includes 3324 high-quality draft genomes based on gut bacterial isolates from Chinese individuals. They classify 527 species from 8 phyla, including 179 previously unidentified species, and provide information on secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and gut phage-bacteria interactions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Josephine M. Kanta, Luisa Deisen, Kornelia Johann, Stephanie Holm, Annemarie Lundsgaard, Jens Lund, Markus Jaehnert, Annette Schuermann, Christoffer Clemmensen, Bente Kiens, Andreas M. Fritzen, Maximilian Kleinert
Summary: This study found that medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) can reduce food intake in rodents and humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. It was discovered that MCFAs trigger the release of hepatic factors that reduce appetite. MCFAs intake increases circulating GDF15 levels and requires the GDF15-GFRAL axis for its anorectic effect.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Valdemar Brimnes Ingemann Johansen, Daisy Faero, Karsten Buschard, Karsten Kristiansen, Flemming Pociot, Pia Kiilerich, Knud Josefsen, Martin Haupt-Jorgensen, Julie Christine Antvorskov
Summary: The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing and environmental factors are believed to contribute to it. A gluten-free diet has been shown to improve autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and humans. This study conducted analysis of gut microbiota and pancreatic immune environment in NOD mice fed a gluten-free (GF) diet and a gluten-containing standard (STD) diet. The results revealed distinct microbiota compositions and reduced insulitis in GF mice, suggesting a protective effect of a GF diet in humans.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tummas Ternhamar, Andreas Moller, Christoffer Martinussen, Maria S. Svane, Morten Hindso, Nils B. Jorgensen, Carsten Dirksen, Jens-Erik Beck Jensen, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Bente Kiens, Sten Madsbad, Kirstine N. Bojsen-Moller
Summary: Moderate intensity cycling shortly after meal intake does not increase the risk of postprandial hypoglycemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. A low glycemic index meal increases nadir glucose and reduces glucose excursions compared with a high glycemic index meal. Participants who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery had lower postexercise glucagon responses compared with controls.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Atabak M. Azad, Annette Bernhard, Anne Shen, Lene Secher Myrmel, Anne-Katrine Lundebye, Laurene Alicia Lecaudey, Even Fjaere, Quang Tri Ho, Harald Sveier, Karsten Kristiansen, Morten Tonsberg Limborg, Lise Madsen
Summary: Alternative feed ingredients, such as blue mussel meal, can replace fish meal in farmed salmon feed without adversely affecting the fatty acid content of the fish. This study also found that including blue mussel meal in a meat-based diet led to a dose-dependent increase in the fatty acid ratios in mice livers.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Louisa Filipe Rosa, Andreas Rings, Iris Stolzer, Louis Koeninger, Jan Wehkamp, Julia Beisner, Claudia Guenther, Peter Nordkild, Benjamin A. H. Jensen, Stephan C. Bischoff
Summary: Obesity and metabolic comorbidities are associated with gut permeability. Human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) and beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) are believed to improve intestinal integrity and metabolic disorders. This study found that oral administration of HD51-9 and hBD2 reduced hepatic steatosis, improved glucose metabolism, and enhanced gut barrier function by upregulating tight junction and mucin expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andreas M. Fritzen, Andreas B. Jordy, Bente Kiens, Matthew J. Brick, Warren B. Leigh, Wee-Leong Chang, Andrew E. Kilding
Summary: The study aimed to assess the variation in fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise explained by skeletal muscle proteins involved in fatty acid transport. The results showed associations between FATP1, FATP4, CD36, and FABPpm with fatty acid oxidation rates. These findings suggest the importance of skeletal muscle proteins involved in fatty acid transport in regulating fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Mueez U-Din, Vanessa D. de Mello, Marjo Tuomainen, Juho Raiko, Tarja Niemi, Tobias Fromme, Anton Klavus, Nadine Gautier, Kimmo Haimilahti, Marko Lehtonen, Karsten Kristiansen, John W. Newman, Kirsi H. Pietilaeinen, Jussi Pihlajamaeki, Ez-Zoubir Amri, Martin Klingenspor, Pirjo Nuutila, Eija Pirinen, Kati Hanhineva, Kirsi A. Virtanen
Summary: Cold stimulates NAD+ metabolism in humans and may be regulated by multiple tissues.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. C. Phung Pham, Lucile Dollet, Mona S. Ali, Steffen H. Raun, Lisbeth L. V. Moller, Abbas Jafari, Nicholas Ditzel, Nicoline R. Andersen, Andreas M. Fritzen, Zachary Gerhart-Hines, Bente Kiens, Anu Suomalainen, Stephen J. Simpson, Morten Salling Olsen, Arnd Kieser, Peter Schjerling, Anni I. Nieminen, Erik A. Richter, Essi Havula, Lykke Sylow
Summary: Studies have found that the TNIK gene plays an important role in regulating lipid and glucose homeostasis in fruit flies and mice. Loss of the TNIK gene in fruit flies and mice resulted in changes in metabolite profiles and impaired lipogenesis. Additionally, TNIK gene variants were found to be associated with blood glucose, HbA1c, body mass index, body fat percentage, and feeding behavior.
Article
Cell Biology
Liang Sun, Zhiming Li, Caiyou Hu, Jiahong Ding, Qi Zhou, Guofang Pang, Zhu Wu, Ruiyue Yang, Shenghui Li, Jian Li, Jianping Cai, Yuzhe Sun, Rui Li, Hefu Zhen, Shuqin Sun, Jianmin Zhang, Mingyan Fang, Zhihua Chen, Yuan Lv, Qizhi Cao, Yanan Sun, Ranhui Gong, Zezhi Huang, Yong Duan, Hengshuo Liu, Jun Dong, Junchun Li, Jie Ruan, Haorong Lu, Benjin He, Ninghu Li, Tao Li, Wenbin Xue, Yan Li, Juan Shen, Fan Yang, Cheng Zhao, Qinghua Liang, Mingrong Zhang, Chen Chen, Huan Gong, Yong Hou, Jian Wang, Ying Zhang, Huanming Yang, Shida Zhu, Liang Xiao, Zhen Jin, Haiyun Guo, Peng Zhao, Susanne Brix, Xun Xu, Huijue Jia, Karsten Kristiansen, Ze Yang, Chao Nie
Summary: This study analyzed the gut microbiota and serum metabolome of individuals from a Chinese longevity cohort, as well as two other aging cohorts, and discovered age-dependent differences in both microbiota and serum metabolome. They also found potential causal relationships between specific gut microbes and serum metabolite markers related to impaired renal function and aging. The findings provide valuable insights into the effects of microbiota-metabolite interplay on renal function and healthy aging.
