Review
Physiology
Mario M. Alba, Brandon Ebright, Brittney Hua, Ielyzaveta Slarve, Yiren Zhou, Yunyi Jia, Stan G. Louie, Bangyan L. Stiles
Summary: Liver cancer is a malignancy that arises from liver disease, including liver injury and metabolic disorders. The development of cancer from these liver diseases involves chronic inflammation, in which liver macrophages play significant roles. Bioactive lipids produced by hepatocytes and macrophages act as pro-inflammatory factors and contribute to the resolution of inflammation during this process. This review discusses the roles of bioactive lipids in acute and chronic hepatic inflammation and cancer progression.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alla Y. Molchanova, Svetlana N. Rjabceva, Tigran B. Melik-Kasumov, Nikolay B. Pestov, Plamena R. Angelova, Vadim V. Shmanai, Olga L. Sharko, Andrei Bekish, Genevieve James, Hui Gyu Park, Irina A. Udalova, J. Thomas Brenna, Mikhail S. Shchepinov
Summary: Arachidonic acid (ARA) is easily oxidized and its oxidation products induce inflammatory responses. This study found that deuterated ARA (D-ARA) can protect lungs from adverse effects of inflammation and reduce lung damage caused by acute lung injury, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue for severe infections and inflammatory diseases.
Review
Physiology
Jinjie Duan, Yayue Song, Xu Zhang, Chunjiong Wang
Summary: Research has shown that metabolites derived from omega-3 PUFAs have potential for treating metabolic disorders, with a focus on their anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have also revealed direct effects on various cell types, highlighting the importance of studying the functions of these metabolites.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helen M. M. Lindqvist, Anna Winkvist, Inger Gjertsson, Philip C. C. Calder, Aaron M. M. Armando, Oswald Quehenberger, Roxana Coras, Monica Guma
Summary: A study on patients with rheumatoid arthritis found that consuming blue mussels, which are rich in n-3 fatty acids, led to significant changes in certain oxylipin levels, but did not have a noticeable impact on inflammation. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between n-3 fatty acid intake, blood oxylipins, and inflammation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Panagiota Kyriakaki, Alexandros Mavrommatis, Eleni Tsiplakou
Summary: This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Schizochytrium spp., rich in omega 6-DPA and DHA, on the transcriptional profiling of genes involved in oxidative homeostasis and innate immunity of dairy goats' monocytes and neutrophils. The results showed that the inclusion of more than 20g Schizochytrium spp./day in goats' diet caused imbalances in the antioxidant system and suppressed pro-inflammatory pathways in monocytes and neutrophils.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Avery L. Penner, Victoria Waytt, Tanja Winter, Shan Leng, Todd A. Duhamel, Harold M. Aukema
Summary: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-derived bioactive lipid mediators known as oxylipins have distinct effects on muscle growth, inflammation, and repair in different types of muscles, with sex and diet playing key roles in determining oxylipin levels. Analysis revealed that rat SO muscles had higher levels of oxylipins compared to RG and WG muscles, with n-3 PUFA increasing specific oxylipins and reducing others derived from arachidonic acid. Additionally, sex played a role in the levels of oxylipins in SO and RG muscles, with females showing higher levels.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Susana Ruiz Mendoza, Daniel Zamith-Miranda, Tamas Takacs, Attila Gacser, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Allan J. Guimaraes
Summary: The prevalence of fungal infections has been increasing in immunocompromised patients, with arachidonic acid metabolites playing important roles in regulating immune function. Fungal-produced prostaglandins have immunomodulatory functions similar to mammalian counterparts, potentially serving as new targets for combating various fungal infections.
Article
Cell Biology
Ewa Kilanczyk, Dagmara Ruminkiewicz, Jesus M. Banales, Piotr Milkiewicz, Malgorzata Milkiewicz
Summary: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease that primarily affects postmenopausal women. This study found that DHEA and its metabolites can enhance the proliferation of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes and delay the onset of the disease.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Subhanudh Thavaraputta, Patompong Ungprasert, Selma F. Witchel, Pouneh K. Fazeli
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the levels of adrenocortical hormones in patients with anorexia nervosa. It found that cortisol levels were higher while DHEA-S and testosterone levels were lower in these patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emanuele Pignatti, Emre Murat Altinkilic, Konstantin Brautigam, Michael Grossl, Aurel Perren, Mihaela Zavolan, Christa E. Fluck
Summary: The study reveals that cholesterol deprivation plays a role in the maturation of the adrenocortical zona reticularis (zR) during adrenarche, leading to the reprogramming of steroidogenesis and decreased transcriptional activity of POU3F2.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jesmond Dalli, Douglas Kitch, Meagan P. Brien, Peter W. Hunt, Nicholas Funderburg, Daniela Moisi, Amita Gupta, Todd T. Brown, Phyllis C. Tien, Judith A. Aberg, Rupak Shivakoti
Summary: People with HIV have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared to HIV-negative individuals. In this study, we found that HIV-positive individuals have lower levels of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and higher levels of pro-resolving lipid mediators compared to HIV-negative individuals. We also observed that aspirin treatment in HIV-positive individuals reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and upregulated certain pro-resolving lipid mediators.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Margaret E. Wierman, Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
Summary: Androgen prohormones, such as DHEA, increase in early puberty, peak in the second and third decade, and decline thereafter. Studies have examined the potential benefits of DHEA therapy in various hormone-deficient states and in normal women. The data support small benefits in quality of life and mood for women with hormone deficiencies, but not for anxiety or sexual function. However, no consistent beneficial effects have been observed in menopausal symptoms, sexual function, cognition, or overall wellbeing in normal women. Local administration of DHEA may be beneficial for vulvovaginal atrophy, but caution is advised for long-term use due to the risks of androgenic and estrogenic side effects.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laidi Wang, Bingqiang Dong, Ting Yang, Ao Zhang, Xiaodan Hu, Zhixiu Wang, Guobin Chang, Guohong Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of dietary linseed oil on growth performance, meat quality, tissue fatty acid, and transcriptome profiles in ducks. The results showed that dietary linseed oil did not affect growth performance but increased the levels of n-3 PUFA in the liver and breast muscle. Transcriptome analysis revealed that dietary linseed oil influenced genes related to the biosynthesis and metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malgorzata Blatkiewicz, Katarzyna Sielatycka, Katarzyna Piotrowska, Ewa Kilanczyk
Summary: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid precursor that decreases with aging, leading to reduced levels of sex hormones. Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a liver disease characterized by bile duct damage and fibrosis. In PBC patients, younger individuals have lower levels of estradiol (E2), while older patients have decreased levels of DHEA, E2, and estriol (E3). Older PBC patients also show reduced IL-8 levels and increased TNF-alpha levels. Additionally, the sulfonated form of DHEA, DHEA-S, reduces pro-inflammatory interleukins in PBC-like cholangiocytes and diminishes the pro-fibrotic interleukin IL-13 in hepatocytes. TGF-beta expression is elevated in both early and cirrhotic stages of PBC, accompanied by higher alpha-SMA expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kumar Reddy Kakularam, Felix Karst, Aparoy Polamarasetty, Igor Ivanov, Dagmar Heydeck, Hartmut Kuhn
Summary: This study evaluated the specificity of 13 commonly used ALOX inhibitors against human and mouse ALOX isoforms, finding that most inhibitors did not show strict paralog specificity but exhibited interesting ortholog specificity. Care must be taken when interpreting the biological effects of these inhibitors in complex in vitro and in vivo systems due to the variable isoform specificities of the inhibitors.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ondrej Hodek, Lidia Argemi-Muntadas, Adnan Khan, Thomas Moritz
Summary: In this study, a method for fast separation and sensitive detection of carboxylic acids using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed and optimized. This method was successful in quantifying carboxylic acids in murine brown preadipocytes, human plasma, and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves without the need for prior derivatization or addition of ion-pair reagents. Moreover, the method enabled untargeted screening of medium- to long-chain fatty acids in these samples.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesco Marabita, Tojo James, Anu Karhu, Heidi Virtanen, Kaisa Kettunen, Hans Stenlund, Fredrik Boulund, Cecilia Hellstrom, Maja Neiman, Robert Mills, Teemu Perheentupa, Hannele Laivuori, Pyry Helkkula, Myles Byrne, Ilkka Jokinen, Harri Honko, Antti Kallonen, Miikka Ermes, Heidi Simila, Mikko Lindholm, Elisabeth Widen, Samuli Ripatti, Maritta Perala-Heape, Lars Engstrand, Peter Nilsson, Thomas Moritz, Timo Miettinen, Riitta Sallinen, Olli Kallioniemi
Summary: This study explored personalized and predictive health care by collecting various biological data. The results demonstrated distinct molecular factors associated with obesity, diabetes, liver function, cardiovascular disease, etc.
Article
Plant Sciences
Wei Wang, Sonja Viljamaa, Ondrej Hodek, Thomas Moritz, Totte Niittyla
Summary: The role of SUS in cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis has been refuted, as alternative UDP-glucose biosynthesis pathways were found to be employed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oddmund Nestegard, Behrouz Moayeri, Fred-Arne Halvorsen, Tor Tonnesen, Sveinung Wergeland Sorbye, Eyvind Paulssen, Kay-Martin Johnsen, Rasmus Goll, Jon Ragnar Florholmen, Kjetil K. Melby
Summary: This study characterized the antimicrobial resistance pattern of H. pylori before and after treatment, and found that clarithromycin resistance was more frequent in the treatment-resistant group. No resistance was observed for amoxicillin and levofloxacin.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lewin Small, Amy Ehrlich, Jo Iversen, Stephen P. Ashcroft, Kajetan Trost, Thomas Moritz, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Jonas T. Treebak, Juleen R. Zierath, Romain Barres
Summary: The study compares the effect of different routes of glucose administration (oral and intraperitoneal) on glucose and insulin kinetics during a glucose tolerance test in mice. The results show that intraperitoneal glucose administration resulted in significantly elevated blood glucose levels, but had a lesser effect on insulin and incretin hormone levels compared to oral administration.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Daniela Liebsch, Marta Juvany, Zhonghai Li, Hou-Ling Wang, Agnieszka Ziolkowska, Daria Chrobok, Clement Boussardon, Xing Wen, Simon R. Law, Helena Janeckova, Bastiaan Brouwer, Pernilla Linden, Nicolas Delhomme, Hans Stenlund, Thomas Moritz, Per Gardestrom, Hongwei Guo, Olivier Keech
Summary: Arginine and ornithine can affect the progression of leaf senescence and delay the aging process. They can delay leaf senescence by fueling the Krebs cycle or the production of polyamines. The conversion of putrescine to spermidine is controlled in an age-dependent manner and spermidine represses senescence by interfering with ethylene signaling.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Elin Linden, Mariska te Beest, Ilka Aubreu, Thomas Moritz, Maja K. Sundqvist, Isabel C. Barrio, Julia Boike, John P. Bryant, Kari Anne Brathen, Agata Buchwal, C. Guillermo Bueno, Alain Currier, Dagmar D. Egelkraut, Bruce C. Forbes, Martin Hallinger, Monique Heijmans, Luise Hermanutz, David S. Hik, Annika Hofgaard, Milena Holmgren, Diane C. Huebner, Toke T. Hoye, Ingibjorg S. Jonsdottir, Elina Kaarlejarvi, Emilie Kissler, Timo Kumpula, Juul Limpens, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Signe Normand, Eric Post, Adrian Rocha, Niels Martin Schmidt, Anna Skarin, Eeva M. Soininen, Aleksandr Sokolov, Natalia Sokolova, James D. M. Speed, Lorna Street, Nikita Tananaev, Jean-Pierre Tremblay, Christine Urbanowicz, David A. Watts, Heike Zimmermann, Johan Olofsson
Summary: Spatial variation in plant chemical defence can help understand herbivore top-down control and shrub responses to global warming. This study measured defense compounds and leaf digestibility in shrub birches across the Arctic and found biogeographical patterns in defense composition and resin gland density. The results indicate a trade-off between triterpene- or tannin-dominated defenses and highlight the importance of previously neglected tannins in anti-herbivore defense.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jonas Brorson Jensen, Ole L. Dollerup, Andreas B. Moller, Tine B. Billeskov, Emilie Dalbram, Sabina Chubanava, Mads V. Damgaard, Ryan W. Dellinger, Kajetan Trost, Thomas Moritz, Steffen Ringgaard, Niels Moller, Jonas T. Treebak, Jean Farup, Niels Jessen
Summary: The supplementation of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene did not improve muscle regeneration and recovery in elderly individuals after muscle injury, indicating limited potential benefits in this population.
Article
Plant Sciences
Marta Derba-Maceluch, Madhusree Mitra, Mattias Hedenstrom, Xiaokun Liu, Madhavi L. Gandla, Felix R. Barbut, Ilka N. Abreu, Evgeniy N. Donev, Janos Urbancsok, Thomas Moritz, Leif J. Jonsson, Adrian Tsang, Justin Powlowski, Emma R. Master, Ewa J. Mellerowicz
Summary: Wood is a crucial carbon reservoir in the biosphere, composed of large polymers and soluble extractives. Molecular interactions within wood are not fully understood. By expressing a fungal alpha-glucuronidase in the wood cell wall, the role of 4-O-methyl glucuronopyranose acid (mGlcA) in wood composition was investigated. The results challenge previous understanding of wood cell wall composition and reveal a novel function of mGlcA in binding suberin-like compounds to the cell wall.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luis Rodrigo Cataldo, Qian Gao, Lidia Argemi-Muntadas, Ondrej Hodek, Elaine Cowan, Sergey Hladkou, Sevda Gheibi, Peter Spegel, Rashmi B. Prasad, Lena Eliasson, Camilla Scheele, Malin Fex, Hindrik Mulder, Thomas Moritz
Summary: EPDR1 is upregulated in pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetes and obese donors and is positively correlated with body mass index. In type 2 diabetes donors, EPDR1 mRNA levels are negatively correlated with HbA1c and positively correlated with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Silencing of EPDR1 reduces GSIS, while treatment with EPDR1 protein increases GSIS. Deficiency of EPDR1 impairs mitochondrial metabolism and disrupts insulin secretion.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Gregoire Le Provost, Celine Lalanne, Isabelle Lesur, Jean-Marc Louvet, Sylvain Delzon, Antoine Kremer, Karine Labadie, Jean-Marc Aury, Corinne Da Silva, Thomas Moritz, Christophe Plomion
Summary: This study investigates the gene expression network underlying dormancy regulation in natural populations of sessile oak along an elevation gradient in the Pyrenees Mountains. The results show that low- and high-altitude populations have evolved different molecular strategies to minimize frost damage and maximize growth period in response to temperature.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Signe Schultz Pedersen, Michala Prause, Christina Sorensen, Joachim Storling, Thomas Moritz, Eliana Marino, Nils Billestrup
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a high-amylose maize starch (HAMSB)-supplemented diet on glucose metabolism and inflammation in diabetic db/db mice. The results showed that the HAMSB diet significantly reduced blood glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity in the mice. In addition, the HAMSB diet also reduced inflammation in the liver and adipose tissue.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ondrej Hodek, John Henderson, Lidia Argemi-Muntadas, Adnan Khan, Thomas Moritz
Summary: By utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we investigated the derivatives of 3-nitrophenylhydrazine and their fragmentation during collision-induced dissociation, and optimized the fragmentation conditions in multiple reaction monitoring to enhance the sensitivity for polycarboxylic acids. The developed method allowed for low detection limits and was validated in human plasma and mouse myotube cells.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Rania Al-Mahdi, Hesham Al-Sharani, Mohammed Al-Haroni, Esam Halboub
Summary: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) and dental caries. The results showed that CA VI activity was higher and CA VI concentration was lower in patients with dental caries compared to caries-free individuals. However, further research is needed to determine the exact role of CA VI in dental caries.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Salwan Maqdasy, Simon Lecoutre, Gianluca Renzi, Scott Frendo-Cumbo, David Rizo-Roca, Thomas Moritz, Marta Juvany, Ondrej Hodek, Hui Gao, Morgane Couchet, Michael Witting, Alastair Kerr, Martin O. Bergo, Robin P. Choudhury, Myriam Aouadi, Juleen R. Zierath, Anna Krook, Niklas Mejhert, Mikael Ryden
Summary: This study reveals that an increased phosphocreatine/creatine ratio in white adipocytes contributes to AMP-activated protein kinase activity changes and promotes inflammation in obesity. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of white adipose tissue samples from clinical cohorts and in vitro and in vivo models show that decreased phosphocreatine metabolism alters AMP-activated protein kinase activity by affecting ATP/ADP levels in white adipocytes. This disturbance leads to a pro-inflammatory profile characterized by increased production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms driving white adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.