Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lizhen Xing, Minglei Liu, Yanhao Zhang, Weikang Zhang, Zifan Wang
Summary: The addition of organic carbon has different effects on the performance of different partial nitrification-anammox (PNA) processes, increasing TN removal in activated sludge systems while reducing TN removal in biofilm systems. Organic carbon inhibits the activities of NOB and anammox bacteria in activated sludge systems, but promotes denitrifying bacteria activity. Biofilm systems protect anammox bacteria activity and are more conducive to their growth. Quorum sensing (QS) may affect nitrogen metabolism by regulating the activity of functional bacteria.
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xue-Ping Wang, Qian Wu, Xin Wang, Nian-Si Fan, Ren-Cun Jin
Summary: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a low-carbon biological nitrogen removal process widely used for treating high-strength wastewater. However, the slow growth rate of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) limits the practical application of mainstream anammox treatment. This article provides a comprehensive review of the effects of environmental fluctuations on anammox systems and discusses potential strategies to enhance system stability.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mengjiao Gao, Xin Zou, Hongyu Dang, Abdul Nayeem Mohammed, Sen Yang, Yun Zhou, Yiduo Yao, Hengbo Guo, Yang Liu
Summary: Enriching anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (anammox) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) achieved a total nitrogen removal rate of 1.22 kg N/m3/ day over 280 days. Interactions between quorum sensing (QS) and microbial community development were observed, with Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) detected in the MBR effluent. Adding 0.1 μM C8-HSL increased the specific anammox activity (SAA) of the biomass.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tianqi Zhang, Qidong Yin, Yunhong Shi, Guangxue Wu
Summary: The presence of organic carbon can influence nitrogen removal in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process. Under mixotrophic conditions with intermittent addition of acetate and propionate, specific bacteria showed enhanced abilities to utilize different carbon sources, contributing to stable operation of the anammox system.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhaolu Feng, Guangxue Wu
Summary: The successful start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox) system is crucial for its application. Two different feeding patterns (pulse and constant) were studied, with pulse feeding showing quicker start-up and reaching steady state faster than constant feeding. Heterotrophs and other microorganisms play important roles in nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, while a quorum sensing system was also found in the anammox system. Complex microbial interactions such as competition, cooperation, and cross-feeding were observed and had an impact on system performance.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rui Xiao, Wanlu Zhu, Yuanzhu Zheng, Shaoyi Xu, Huijie Lu
Summary: This study reveals the metabolic features and interactions between SMP assimilators in wastewater anammox communities, providing important insights for the enrichment of AnAOB and the efficient and stable operation of wastewater anammox processes.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jun-Hui Yang, Dong-Qi Huang, Yin-Ce Geng, Yi-Rong Ling, Nian-Si Fan, Ren-Cun Jin
Summary: Shortage of anammox sludge limits the application of anammox-based processes. In this study, three reactors were established using different seed sludges. After 27 days, anammox process with the highest nitrogen removal rate of 1.17 kg N m-3 d-1 was achieved using anammox granules and activated sludge. The dominant anammox bacteria shifted from Candidatus Kuenenia to Candidatus Brocadia, and quorum sensing-based regulation contributed to the growth of anammox bacteria.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biology
Nancy Weiland-Braeuer
Summary: Microorganisms interact in complex and diverse ways, involving signal transduction and molecular communication between different species, contributing to microbial colonization and adaptation in various environments. These interactions are vital for the establishment and maintenance of microbial populations, with gene expression and molecule exchange serving as fundamental mechanisms.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhibin Wang, Xiaolin Liu, Shou-Qing Ni, Xuming Zhuang, Taeho Lee
Summary: The addition of 50 mg/L nZVI in the anammox reactor was found to promote the removal of NH4+ and NO2-, increase the relative abundance of AnAOB, and enrich c-di-GMP in the microbial community. This enrichment of c-di-GMP reduced microbial motility and promoted the secretion of extracellular polymers, ultimately aiding the formation of sludge particles in the reactor.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Meina Hu, Xiaojing Liu, Tao Ya, Junyu Liu, Minglu Zhang, Xiaohui Wang
Summary: The effects of different dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions (0.3 and 1.0 mg/L) on microbial interactions in the partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) process were investigated. High DO concentration (1.0 mg/L) inhibited anammox bacteria activity while enhancing nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) activity in the PN/A reactor. The presence of 1.0 mg/L DO promoted the abundance of NOB and some heterotrophic microorganisms, while decreasing the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria. The changes in microbial interactions under 1.0 mg/L DO may lead to deterioration in nitrogen removal.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhaolu Feng, Mengqi Gu, Yuepeng Sun, Guangxue Wu
Summary: This study investigated the potential microbial functions in nitrogen conversion and AHLs-based quorum sensing in the PNA process. Key functional bacteria including Candidatus_Kuenenia and Nitrosomonas were identified, and AHLs such as N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone were found to be synthesized by nitrogen converting microorganisms and heterotrophs. Heterotrophs were revealed to have the ability to sense and degrade AHLs during information exchange, providing insights for system optimization in the microbial community.
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ke Shi, Weimin Cheng, Dongle Cheng, Jianliang Xue, Yanlu Qiao, Yu Gao, Qing Jiang, Jun Wang
Summary: Regulating the biocathode in microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) with N-butyryl-L-Homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) improves sulfate reduction efficiency and biocathode stability. The regulation mainly affects genes controlling surface proteins and biofilm formation, resulting in higher activity and more stability of biofilms. It also increases the relative abundance of functional genes associated with sulfate reduction metabolism, positively impacting sulfate-containing wastewater treatment.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Xiangyong Zeng, Yunman Zou, Jia Zheng, Shuyi Qiu, Lanlan Liu, Chaoyang Wei
Summary: This review focuses on the microbial community from the perspective of quorum sensing, which plays important roles in substance cycles, product synthesis, and species evolution. It provides a theoretical basis for controlling the microbial community using quorum sensing approaches and summarizes the latest progress in applications of quorum sensing in wastewater treatment, human health, food fermentation, and synthetic biology. The relationships between quorum sensing and microbial interactions are also explored in depth.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lingjie Liu, Min Ji, Fen Wang, Zhongke Tian, Zhao Yan, Shuya Wang
Summary: The study found that the decrease in temperature weakened quorum sensing and led to a reduction in nitrogen removal efficiency in the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor. Candidatus Kuenenia was identified as the predominant anammox bacteria, with its abundance increasing as the temperature decreased. The complex relationship between microbial genus and AHLs was also observed.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Quan Zhang, Nian-Si Fan, Jin-Jin Fu, Bao-Cheng Huang, Ren-Cun Jin
Summary: A comprehensive understanding of quorum sensing (QS) in the anammox process is essential for optimizing performance and applications.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhongzhong Wang, Shun Wang, Sihuang Xie, Yan Jiang, Jizhong Meng, Guangxue Wu, Yuansheng Hu, Xinmin Zhan
Summary: The study found that the addition of biochar has a slight increase in specific methane yield in dry anaerobic digestion, especially in the degradation of poorly biodegradable organics. However, the supplementation of biochar did not significantly affect the peak methane production rate, possibly due to the important role of enhancing electron transfer mechanism.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qiannan Guo, Qidong Yin, Jin Du, Jiane Zuo, Guangxue Wu
Summary: This study investigated the system performance and microbial characteristics in anaerobic reactors with different operating modes and sludge retention times using the r/K selection theory. The results showed that the microbial community abundance and methane production were significantly impacted by different operating conditions in the reactors.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tianqi Zhang, Zhaolu Feng, Yunhong Shi, Qidong Yin, Guangxue Wu
Summary: This study investigated the removal of ammonium nitrogen under microacrobic or anoxic conditions using a continuous-flow biofilm reactor. The results showed a high removal rate and percentage of NH4-N after long-term operation. Through batch experiments and metagenomics analysis, the main microorganisms related to nitrogen metabolism were identified, and a potential oxygen-producing microorganism was discovered. The findings suggest that the removal of NH4-N under oxygen-limited conditions might involve interactions among different microorganisms, which warrants further investigation.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Qidong Yin, Yuepeng Sun, Bo Li, Zhaolu Feng, Guangxue Wu
Summary: Understanding the characteristics of functional organisms is crucial for wastewater treatment. This review systematically characterized two types of strategists in wastewater treatment ecosystems and provided novel strategies for selectively enriching microbial community. The selection of r-/K-strategists depends on factors such as food-to-microorganism ratio, mass transfer, cell size, and biomass morphology. Practical applications include the concept of substrate flux for selective enrichment of r-/K-strategists.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiefu Wang, Yuepeng Sun, Dian Zhang, Tom Broderick, Mary Strawn, Hari Santha, Karen Pallansch, Allison Deines, Zhi-Wu Wang
Summary: This study analyzed the factors affecting solid reduction in anaerobic digestion systems and found that thermophilic anaerobic digestion was superior to mesophilic anaerobic digestion in terms of solid reduction when integrated with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP). Adjusting the solids retention time can mitigate the impact of hydrolysis outpacing methanogenesis.
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huoqing Wang, Jia Miao, Yuepeng Sun
Summary: This study compared nitrogen removal and N2O emissions from lab-scale anoxic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (AOSBR) and intermittent aeration sequencing batch reactor (IASBR), finding that IASBR showed enhanced nitrogen removal efficiency and lower N2O emission factors compared to AOSBR. N2O emissions were significantly higher during simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) compared to aerobic nitrification and denitrification, with different emission factors for oxidized ammonium in each phase.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinyue Ma, Ziyan Cheng, Wenjing Bai, Rui Tang, Guangxue Wu, Xinmin Zhan, Zhen-Hu Hu
Summary: Intensive animal farming generates a large volume of digested liquid, and excessive application can lead to pollution of surface water and groundwater. This study investigates the use of Ca(ClO)2 pretreatment to enhance SS flocculation removal in digested dairy wastewater. Results show that Ca(ClO)2 pretreatment combined with PAC flocculation can effectively remove SS and improve the removal of chemical oxygen demand and phosphorus.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bang Du, Mengqi Gu, Zhenhu Hu, Xinmin Zhan, Guangxue Wu
Summary: Anaerobic ethanol oxidation can be thermodynamically unfavourable under standard conditions, but can become exergonic with extracellular electron transfer (EET) through microbial redox-active proteins (RAP). This study evaluates the thermodynamic effects of the fraction of substrate degraded through EET, product feedback, distribution of electrons from EET between acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, and the redox potential of RAP on anaerobic ethanol oxidation. The results show that ethanol oxidation can occur when the redox potential is above -0.408 V with EET or when product concentration is below a certain threshold. The appropriate redox potential ranges for active acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were determined. The EET fraction and electron distribution were found to be key factors in maintaining biomass yields and influencing the ratio of methanogens.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhongzhong Wang, Yuansheng Hu, Shun Wang, Guangxue Wu, Xinmin Zhan
Summary: The dry anaerobic digestion (AD) process is a promising technology for the treatment and stabilization of high-solid organic waste, with advantages such as higher methane yield and reduced digester size. However, it still faces challenges due to the excessive solids content and differences from wet AD in terms of operation and design. It is important to understand the characteristics of dry AD, analyze operational factors, and evaluate optimization methods to develop practical applications.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jin Du, Xingzhao Zhou, Qidong Yin, Jiane Zuo, Guangxue Wu
Summary: This study explores the effects of operational parameters on microbial communities in anaerobic digestion (AD) with sulfate. It finds that reactors in rapid-filling mode exhibit fast kinetic properties, while reactors in slow-filling mode can mitigate propionate accumulation. Taxonomic and functional analysis further support the suitability of rapid- and slow-filling modes for the growth of r-strategists (such as Desulfomicrobium) and K-strategists (such as Geobacter), respectively.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bang Du, Zhongzhong Wang, Piet N. L. Lens, Xinmin Zhan, Guangxue Wu
Summary: This study investigated the performance, syntrophic relationships, microbial communities, and metabolic pathways of ethanol-fed reactors with different operational modes and solids retention times. The results showed that different microorganisms were enriched under different SRT conditions, and syntrophic bacteria related to methane production could be enriched under low SRT conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wenjing Bai, Rui Tang, Guangxue Wu, Wei Wang, Shoujun Yuan, Liwen Xiao, Xinmin Zhan, Zhen-Hu Hu
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of heavy metals in suspended solids (SS) and their influence on co-precipitation during struvite recovery from digested swine wastewater. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the wastewater ranged from 0.05 to 17.05 mg/L. During struvite generation, 56.9-80.3% of individual heavy metals were co-precipitated. These findings provide a potential way for controlling the co-precipitation of heavy metals in struvite.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wenjing Bai, Rui Tang, Guangxue Wu, Wei Wang, Shoujun Yuan, Liwen Xiao, Xinmin Zhan, Zhen-Hu Hu
Summary: Struvite recovered from wastewater contains significant amounts of fecal indicator bacteria, porcine adenoviruses, and antibiotic resistance genes, which can pose potential risks. This study investigated the co-precipitation behavior of these pathogens and genes with suspended solids (SS) and found that high-density SS contributed more to the co-precipitation than low-density SS. Furthermore, the presence of SS in struvite hindered the inactivation of bacteria and genes during drying. These findings suggest that removing high-density SS prior to struvite recovery can effectively control the co-precipitation and inactivation of pathogens and genes.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuyin Wang, Guangxue Wu
Summary: Antibiotics like tetracycline in wastewater can lead to operational failure of anaerobic digestion systems, inhibiting COD removal, causing VFAs accumulation, reducing methane production, and impacting microbial communities. CFRs performed better in COD shock loading recovery, propionate degradation, and methane production. Additionally, CFRs exhibited superior tetracycline removal capacity compared to SBRs. Biodegradation was found to be the primary pathway for tetracycline removal, and long-term tetracycline exposure affected archaea abundances and enrichment of hydrolytic-acidogenic bacteria. CFRs provided a more conducive environment for the enrichment of these microorganisms.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bang Du, Xinmin Zhan, Piet N. L. Lens, Yifeng Zhang, Guangxue Wu
Summary: Efficient anaerobic digestion relies on the cooperation of different microorganisms with different metabolic pathways. This study investigated the effects of different operational modes and the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on ethanol metabolic pathways. The results showed that the SBR mode and the presence of CO2 facilitated ethanol metabolism towards propionate production, while the CFR mode with extended solids retention time enriched Geobacter. Adjusting operational modes and PAC addition can modulate anaerobic ethanol metabolism and enrich Geobacter.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
