Article
Environmental Sciences
L. C. Matthes, S. Belanger, B. Raulier, M. Babin
Summary: This study examines the impact of deep subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCMs) on surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) estimates and net primary production (NPP) algorithms in the Arctic Ocean. The results show that SCMs significantly influence spectral reflectance, leading to an increase in Chl a estimates. Furthermore, the inclusion of SCMs reduces the difference between predicted and measured NPP estimates during the post-bloom period. These findings highlight the importance of considering SCMs in satellite-based NPP estimates in the Arctic.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haibin Ye, Shilin Tang, Chaoyu Yang, Chuqun Chen
Summary: An attention U-Net is proposed to reconstruct missing chlorophyll-a concentration (C-chla) data by integrating attention gates (AGs) into a lightweight full convolution neural network architecture. Training the U-Net with AGs can enhance network sensitivity and reconstruction accuracy by suppressing irrelevant areas and highlighting salient features in the missing data. The proposed method is evaluated on long-term daily MODIS/Aqua C-chla products in the Pearl River estuary and adjacent continental shelf area, showing improved performance compared to a standard U-Net without AGs.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Takuhei Shiozaki, Amane Fujiwara, Koji Sugie, Shigeto Nishino, Akiko Makabe, Naomi Harada
Summary: This study reveals that diatom blooms can occur near the seafloor rather than at the surface in the shallow Arctic shelf region. The increase in phytoplankton production in the Arctic Ocean due to sea ice loss is often underestimated by satellite observations, as they fail to account for the bottom-associated blooms that occur occasionally. The results highlight the importance of considering these hidden blooms in assessing primary production in the Arctic Ocean.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Bror F. Jonsson, Christopher L. Follett, Jacob Bien, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Sangwon Hyun, Gemma Kulk, Gael L. Forget, Christian Mueller, Marie-Fanny Racault, Christopher N. Hill, Thomas Jackson, Shubha Sathyendranath
Summary: Global biogeochemical ocean models help understand interactions among physical, chemical, and biological processes in the ocean. Satellite-derived ocean color properties provide extensive and detailed observations of the surface ocean. Combining these resources with sparse in situ data strengthens our understanding of marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry. However, comparing model outputs with satellite products remains challenging.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eunho Ko, Maxim Y. Gorbunov, Jinyoung Jung, Youngju Lee, Kyoung-Ho Cho, Eun Jin Yang, Jisoo Park
Summary: Vertical distributions of phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean are characterized by a very narrow subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) layer formed every summer after the sea ice retreats. This study examined the photophysiological properties of phytoplankton in the SCM layer in the northern Chukchi Sea during the summers of 2015-2018. It was found that the SCM depth differed significantly between the northwestern and northeastern Chukchi Sea, and there was a decrease in the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry in photosystem II (F-v/F-m) in the phytoplankton in the northeastern Chukchi Sea.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
L. W. Juranek, B. Hales, N. L. Beaird, M. A. Goni, E. Shroyer, J. G. Allen, A. E. White
Summary: This study finds that middepth waters in Arctic marginal seas play a significant role in regional productivity, as indicated by the presence of subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) and large oxygen excess. The SCM coincides with a compensation point for balanced growth and loss, and is associated with turbulence minima and increased light attenuation. The vertical and spatial patterns of SCM and productivity are influenced by stratification, turbulence, light availability, and seasonal water mass formation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Manuel Ruben, Jens Hefter, Florence Schubotz, Walter Geibert, Martin Butzin, Torben Gentz, Hendrik Grotheer, Matthias Forwick, Witold Szczucinski, Gesine Mollenhauer
Summary: Traditionally, rock-derived or petrogenic organic carbon has been considered non-bioavailable and not actively involved in the carbon cycle. However, recent studies suggest that this carbon may not be as inert as previously thought, especially in fjord systems with high influxes of petrogenic organic carbon, which could contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. The extent to which microorganisms utilize this organic carbon is not well understood, but it plays a significant role in the global carbon cycling. Radiocarbon analysis of intact polar lipid-fatty acids in marine sediments from Hornsund Fjord, Svalbard, revealed that bacterial communities in the area utilize 5 +/- 2% to 55 +/- 6% (average of 25 +/- 16%) of petrogenic organic carbon for biosynthesis after sediment redeposition. This suggests that the lack of recently synthesized organic carbon from primary production forces microorganisms to rely on petrogenic organic carbon as an alternative energy source, highlighting its importance in carbon cycling.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Manuel Ruben, Jens Hefter, Florence Schubotz, Walter Geibert, Martin Butzin, Torben Gentz, Hendrik Grotheer, Matthias Forwick, Witold Szczucinski, Gesine Mollenhauer
Summary: Despite being considered as having limited bioavailability, ancient rock-derived organic matter in Arctic fjord sediments is consumed by micro-organisms, potentially leading to greenhouse gas emissions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cecile S. Rousseaux, Watson W. Gregg, Lesley Ott
Summary: While forecasts for atmospheric variables and ocean circulation are common, predictions for biogeochemical conditions are still developing. This study demonstrates the potential for skillful global biogeochemical forecasts of chlorophyll, primary production, and harmful algal blooms on a seasonal timescale, with results showing significant accuracy in most regions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ahra Mo, Dongseon Kim, Eun Jin Yang, Jinyoung Jung, Young Ho Ko, Sung-Ho Kang, Kyoung-Ho Cho, Keyhong Park, Tae-Wook Kim
Summary: This study evaluated interannual variation in the subsurface aragonite undersaturation zone in the Pacific Arctic Ocean. The upper boundary of the zone was primarily influenced by corrosive Pacific water and the intensity of the Beaufort Gyre associated with freshwater accumulation. The lower boundary was determined by contributions from both Pacific and Atlantic water, and an anomalous atmospheric circulation event in 2017 resulted in a decrease in the thickness of the undersaturation layer.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Flavienne Bruyant, Remi Amiraux, Marie-Pier Amyot, Philippe Archambault, Lise Artigue, Lucas Barbedo de Freitas, Guislain Becu, Simon Belanger, Pascaline Bourgain, Annick Bricaud, Etienne Brouard, Camille Brunet, Tonya Burgers, Danielle Caleb, Katrine Chalut, Herve Claustre, Veronique Cornet-Barthaux, Pierre Coupel, Marine Cusa, Fanny Cusset, Laeticia Dadaglio, Marty Davelaar, Gabriele Deslongchamps, Celine Dimier, Julie Dinasquet, Dany Dumont, Brent Else, Igor Eulaers, Joannie Ferland, Gabrielle Filteau, Marie-Helene Forget, Jerome Fort, Louis Fortier, Marti Gali, Morgane Gallinari, Svend-Erik Garbus, Nicole Garcia, Catherine Gerikas Ribeiro, Colline Gombault, Priscilla Gourvil, Clemence Goyens, Cindy Grant, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Pascal Guillot, Sandrine Hillion, Rachel Hussherr, Fabien Joux, Hannah Joy-Warren, Gabriel Joyal, David Kieber, Augustin Lafond, Jose Lagunas, Patrick Lajeunesse, Catherine Lalande, Jade Lariviere, Florence Le Gall, Karine Leblanc, Mathieu Leblanc, Justine Legras, Keith Levesque, Kate-M. Lewis, Edouard Leymarie, Aude Leynaert, Thomas Linkowski, Martine Lizotte, Adriana Lopes dos Santos, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Guillaume Masse, Philippe Massicotte, Atsushi Matsuoka, Lisa A. Miller, Sharif Mirshak, Nathalie Morata, Brivaela Moriceau, Philippe-Israel Morin, Simon Morisset, Anders Mosbech, Alfonso Mucci, Gabrielle Nadai, Christian Nozais, Ingrid Obernosterer, Thimote Paire, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Marie Parenteau, Noemie Pelletier, Marc Picheral, Bernard Queguiner, Patrick Raimbault, Josephine Ras, Eric Rehm, Llucia Ribot Lacosta, Jean-Francois Rontani, Blanche Saint-Beat, Julie Sansoulet, Noe Sardet, Catherine Schmechtig, Antoine Sciandra, Richard Sempere, Caroline Sevigny, Jordan Toullec, Margot Tragin, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Annie-Pier Trottier, Daniel Vaulot, Anda Vladoiu, Lei Xue, Gustavo Yunda-Guarin, Marcel Babin
Summary: The Green Edge project investigates the phytoplankton spring bloom in the Arctic Ocean and its response to environmental changes. It is a multidisciplinary collaborative project involving researchers and technicians from seven countries. The project utilizes various sampling strategies and measurement techniques to understand the changes in Arctic Ocean biology and their impacts on the future.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ying Chen, Hui Zhao
Summary: Based on data from August 2018, the study analyzed chlorophyll a concentration profiles in the Northern South China Sea, identifying 4 distinct patterns influenced by nutrient and light availability. The presence of a subsurface chlorophyll maximum was linked to surface nutrient limitations in offshore regions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gangzhi Chu, Xiaofan Luo, Zijia Zheng, Wei Zhao, Hao Wei
Summary: The study found that the subsurface DIC maximum layer deepened and expanded northwards into the Makarov Basin during 2008-2015. The increase in DIC concentrations in the Chukchi-East Siberian Shelfbreak and Makarov Basin is mainly attributed to increased local biological degradation and transportation of DIC-rich water from the Chukchi Shelf. Advection was found to control the increase in DIC content in the Makarov Basin, driven by a shift in ocean circulation pattern during 2008-2015.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jianqiang Chen, Xun Gong, Xinyu Guo, Xiaogang Xing, Keyu Lu, Huiwang Gao, Xiang Gong
Summary: This study developed an improved deep neural network model that accurately retrieves the vertical profile of chlorophyll a concentration and associated characteristics from surface-ocean data. The model performs well in regions with low surface chlorophyll a and has been validated using observations in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Additionally, the model's application to infer vertical chlorophyll a profiles from remote-sensing information was also validated.
Article
Optics
Siqi Zhang, Peng Chen
Summary: This study observed the subsurface phytoplankton vertical structure in the South China Sea (SCS) during the onset of the summer monsoon using lidar for the first time. A hybrid retrieval method based on lidar data was proposed to determine the vertical structure of seawater chlorophyll-a concentrations. Comparison with ocean color data revealed spatial and diurnal variations in the subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum layer (SCML). The changes in SCML depth in the SCS were attributed to variations in light availability and nutrient supply. The preliminary findings demonstrated the potential of lidar measurements in understanding submesoscale oceanic dynamics mechanisms.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Giuseppe Zibordi, Marco Talone, Frederic Melin
Summary: This study investigates the uncertainties of satellite ocean color products by using in situ radiometric data, and applies an advanced method to analyze the radiometric data products from Sentinel-3A and Suomi satellites. The results support the relevance of the proposed method.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Theo Sciandra, Marie-Helene Forget, Flavienne Bruyant, Marine Beguin, Thomas Lacour, Chris Bowler, Marcel Babin
Summary: The polar night at high latitudes poses a challenge to photosynthetic organisms. This study used flow cytometry to investigate the acclimation of a population of diatoms to darkness and found distinct subpopulations with specific traits. The survival of these diatoms in darkness relied on reduction of metabolic activity and consumption of carbon reserves.
JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Clement Bertin, Atsushi Matsuoka, Antoine Mangin, Marcel Babin, Vincent Le Fouest
Summary: This study combines riverine tDOC concentrations with satellite estimates to assess the tDOC export from Arctic deltas. The results highlight the significant seasonal and temporal variations in tDOC concentrations and fluxes.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Elena Catucci, Elvira Buonocore, Pier Paolo Franzese, Michele Scardi
Summary: Ecological systems are crucial for human well-being as they provide essential ecosystem services. In order to protect these services, proper assessment methodologies, such as the emergy approach in the Environmental Accounting Model, are gaining popularity. This study used this method to assess the natural capital value of Posidonia oceanica meadows, the most important ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin, at the national level in Italy. The results showed that habitat suitability estimates played an important role in modifying the biophysical value of P. oceanica.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dany Croteau, Thomas Lacour, Nicolas Schiffrine, Philippe-Israel Morin, Marie-Helene Forget, Flavienne Bruyant, Joannie Ferland, Augustin Lafond, Douglas A. Campbell, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Marcel Babin, Johann Lavaud
Summary: The diatom communities in the Arctic Ocean exhibit different adaptation strategies based on changes in light environment, driving seasonal taxonomic succession. These adaptation strategies are aligned with changes in light intensity, leading to the dominance of different diatom species in different habitats throughout the seasons.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Leila R. Kittu, Allanah J. Paul, Mar Fernandez-Mendez, Mark J. Hopwood, Ulf Riebesell
Summary: This study investigates the spatial distribution of nitrogen fixation rates in the northern Humboldt Upwelling System (HUS) off Peru. Despite high concentrations of phosphate and iron, nitrogen fixation rates were generally low and could not be explained by these factors. The results suggest that nitrogen fixation does not significantly contribute to nitrogen supply for phytoplankton growth in this region.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniele Ventura, Luca Grosso, Davide Pensa, Edoardo Casoli, Gianluca Mancini, Tommaso Valente, Michele Scardi, Arnold Rakaj
Summary: This study evaluated an integrated approach using low-cost unmanned aerial and surface vehicles to collect detailed remote sensing data and accurately map shallow benthic communities. Photogrammetric outputs from UAV and USV were classified using OBIA approach and achieved overall classification accuracies over 70%. The results demonstrated the practicality and feasibility of using aerial and underwater ultra-high spatial resolution imagery for detailed analysis.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas W. Davies, Oren Levy, Svenja Tidau, Laura Fernandes de Barros Marangoni, Joerg Wiedenmann, Cecilia D'Angelo, Tim Smyth
Summary: Coral broadcast spawning events are crucial for coral reef maintenance and recovery, but artificial light at night disrupts the natural light:dark cycles that synchronize spawning. Analysis of a global dataset shows that light-polluted corals spawn closer to the full moon by 1-3 days compared to those in unlit reefs. This alters the timing of mass spawning, potentially reducing fertilization and survival rates, and hindering reef ecosystem resilience.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tim Smyth, Anthony Deakin, Jani Pewter, Darren Snee, Richard Proud, Ruud Verbeek, Vincent Verhagen, Pierre Paschinger, Thomas Bell, James Fishwick, Mingxi Yang
Summary: Global concerns about air quality have led to the implementation of regulations limiting emissions of SOx and NOx by the International Maritime Organization. These limits were initially implemented in emission control areas in densely populated coastal regions such as northwest Europe or eastern USA. However, effective monitoring is necessary to ensure compliance and attribute emissions to individual vessels. We propose the use of low-cost, onboard sensors and satellite-based AIS data telemetry as a cost-effective solution for monitoring ship emissions. We present data from three field-campaigns that have advanced the concept of real-time monitoring of atmospheric ship emissions.
Editorial Material
Oceanography
Lisa M. Beal, Leon Chafik, Sarah Fawcett, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Chellappan Gnanaseelan, Nathalie F. Goodkin, Yuanlong Li, Ryan P. Mulligan, Takeyoshi Nagai, Joanne (Joe) O'Callaghan, Hannah E. Power, Karina von Schuckmann, Christopher Sherwood, Arvind Singh, Lars Umlauf, Anna Wahlin, Fanghua Xu, Lei Zhou
Summary: In 2022, 1528 reviewers provided 2647 reviews for JGR-Oceans manuscripts, ensuring their high quality and integrity. The editors express gratitude to the peer reviewers of 2022. New editorial practices have reduced pressure on reviewers, and the introduction of a co-reviewer tool has facilitated collaboration with students and postdocs.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Clare Lewis, Tim Smyth, David Williams, Jess Neumann, Hannah Cloke
Summary: This paper presents a revised and updated catalogue of meteotsunami events in the UK since 1750, confirming a prominent seasonal pattern with winter events associated with mid-latitude depressions. The study also identifies three hotspot areas at the highest risk from meteotsunami. The findings suggest that the hazard posed by meteotsunami has been underestimated in the UK.
NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Maria Herrmann, Zihao Bian, Gopal Bhatt, Pierre St-Laurent, Hanqin Tian, Gary Shenk
Summary: Multiple climate-driven stressors are worsening hypoxia in coastal marine environments, with warming and increased nutrient delivery being the main contributors. Uncertainty is associated with using Earth system model projections to quantify future changes to estuarine hypoxia due to climate change. This study investigates the impact of downscaling methods and watershed models on hypoxia projections for Chesapeake Bay, finding that all three factors (ESM, downscaling method, and watershed model) contribute substantially to uncertainty, with ESM choice being the largest contributor. The study predicts a small increase in hypoxia by 2050, but achieving nutrient reduction targets can significantly reduce hypoxia compared to the 1990s.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marc de Vos, Panagiotis Kountouris, Lasse Rabenstein, John Shears, Mira Suhrhoff, Christian Katlein
Summary: On 5 December 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew embarked on the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition with the Endurance ship. However, the ship got stuck in ice and sank in November 1915. After years of speculation, the wreckage was located in March 2022, about 9.4 km away from the estimated sinking position. This paper describes the use of meteorological data to reconstruct the ship's drift trajectory and highlights the potential of such methods in marine archaeology.
HISTORY OF GEO- AND SPACE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Julien Laliberte, Eric Rehm, Borge Hamre, Clemence Goyens, Donald K. Perovich, Marcel Babin
Summary: This study successfully derived the photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) albedo of Arctic sea ice using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite product. By training a predictive model based on a principal component analysis with in situ and simulated data, accurate PAR albedo estimates were obtained for different types of sea ice surfaces. This model can be applied to investigate the partitioning of PAR in the Arctic Ocean and enhance the understanding of marine primary producers.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ilaria Cazzaniga, Giuseppe Zibordi, Frederic Melin, Ewa Kwiatkowska, Marco Talone, David Dessailly, Juan Gossn, Dagmar Mueller
Summary: This study assessed the performance of radiometric water products from the neural network in different marine regions and found that satellite data products exhibited varying accuracy for different types of water, especially for highly absorbing and clear waters.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)