Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Seidel, Signe Markmann Jensen, Darren Healy, Aakriti Dureja, Hunna J. Watson, Birgitte Holst, Cynthia M. Bulik, Jan Magnus Sjogren
Summary: Studies on ghrelin levels in anorexia nervosa patients found that all forms of ghrelin increase in the acute stage, with a significant decrease in total ghrelin observed pre-treatment to follow-up. However, total ghrelin levels remain marginally elevated at follow-up, while no treatment effect was observed for acyl ghrelin.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yanmei Wang, Qianxian Wu, Qian Zhou, Yuyu Chen, Xingxing Lei, Yiding Chen, Qiu Chen
Summary: This meta-analysis found that obese individuals have lower baseline levels of circulating acyl ghrelin (AG) and des-acyl ghrelin (DAG), as well as a faster decline in postprandial AG levels. These findings provide important clinical evidence for further investigations into the role of various forms of ghrelin in energy homeostasis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lotisha Garvin, Rebecca Vande Voorde, Mary Dickinson, Steven Carrell, Kevin Hybiske, Daniel Rockey
Summary: Plasmid transformation of chlamydiae provides new opportunities to study host-microbe interactions, but there are still limitations. By using a broad host-range plasmid pBBR1MCS-4, the transformation process for chlamydiae has been simplified successfully.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Eunju Nam, Yuxi Lin, Jiyong Park, Hyunsu Do, Jiyeon Han, Bohyeon Jeong, Subin Park, Da Yong Lee, Mingeun Kim, Jinju Han, Mu-Hyun Baik, Young-Ho Lee, Mi Hee Lim
Summary: This study reveals that the interaction between APP-C31 and Aβ40 peptides promotes the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ40, leading to nuclear damage, neurite degeneration, and inflammation. This finding may offer a novel target for developing treatments for AD.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tracy M. Josephs, Matthew J. Belousoff, Yi-Lynn Liang, Sarah J. Piper, Jianjun Cao, Daniel J. Garama, Katie Leach, Karen J. Gregory, Arthur Christopoulos, Debbie L. Hay, Radostin Danev, Denise Wootten, Patrick M. Sexton
Summary: This study provides insights into the mechanisms of class B1 GPCR activation by analyzing the structures and protein conformational dynamics of GPCRs.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Andrew T. Pierce, Yonglong Xie, Seung Hwan Lee, Patrick R. Forrester, Di S. Wei, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Bertrand Halperin, Amir Yacoby
Summary: The passage discusses the ferromagnetic phase observed in the quantum Hall effect and the study of related magnon excitations. By measuring the electron compressibility under the influence of magnons, a reduction in the gap of the quantum Hall state is revealed. The analysis suggests injected magnons bind with electrons and holes to form skyrmions, allowing the extraction of free magnon density, magnon chemical potential, and average skyrmion spin.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jingyang Yao, Jinxiang Chen, Jing Yang, Yuxin Hao, Yanling Fan, Chunyu Wang, Nana Li
Summary: The study extracted phenolics from dry raspberry pomace without seeds and raspberry seeds through acid and alkali treatment, revealing that free phenolics had the highest total tested phenolic content, while glycosylated phenolics were the lowest. The antioxidant activity of different phenolic fractions increased with the increasing phenolic content, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid in RS-esterified phenolics were found to be significant for tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silin Wu, Steffen Greiner, Chongjian Ma, Jiaxin Zhong, Xiaojia Huang, Thomas Rausch, Hongbo Zhao
Summary: A Zm-6&1-FEH2 enzyme related to cell wall invertase has been identified in maize, showing substrate specificity for inulin and levan and being localized in the apoplast. The enzyme can hydrolyze 1-kestotriose, an oligofructan, and its expression is influenced by plant development, drought, and abscisic acid.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Lin, Peng Xiao, Rui-Qian Bu, Shengchao Guo, Zhao Yang, Daopeng Yuan, Zhong-Liang Zhu, Chuan-Xin Zhang, Qing-Tao He, Chao Zhang, Yu-Qi Ping, Ru-Jia Zhao, Chuan-Shun Ma, Chang-Hao Liu, Xiao-Ning Zhang, Dan Jiang, Shaohui Huang, Yue-Tong Xi, Dao-Lai Zhang, Chen-Yang Xue, Bai-Sheng Yang, Jian-Yuan Li, Hao-Cheng Lin, Xu-Hui Zeng, Han Zhao, Wen-Ming Xu, Fan Yi, Zhongmin Liu, Jin-Peng Sun, Xiao Yu
Summary: In this study, the cryo-EM structure of apo-ADGRG2 in complex with a G(s) trimer was solved, providing insights into the activation and ligand-binding of ADGRG2. The identification of steroid hormones, such as DHEA, as potential ligands of ADGRG2 was also reported.
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Nicole Laurencia Yuwono, Mollie Ailie Acheson Boyd, Claire Elizabeth Henry, Bonnita Werner, Caroline Elizabeth Ford, Kristina Warton
Summary: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term storage on the yield and fragmentation of cirDNA in plasma. The results showed that storage for up to two years caused a decline in cirDNA yield, with short fragments being lost more rapidly than long fragments. CirDNA yield was influenced by plasma input and elution volumes, but not by hemolysis.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Yuxuan Wang, Caishun Zhang, Jiaqing Yu, Qing Zhang, Yukai Wang, Yunqiu Xia, Jing Dong
Summary: This study explored the association between circulating ghrelin levels and gastric cancer. The results showed that circulating ghrelin levels were lower in gastric cancer patients. However, there was high heterogeneity among the results, suggesting the need for studies with larger sample sizes.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yang Zhai, Hung-Cheng Wang, Toru Hayakawa, Haruto Kumura, Jun-ichi Wakamatsu
Summary: Most of the water-soluble zinc protoporphyrin IX in Parma ham exists as complexes with hemoglobin and myoglobin. Hemoglobin was found to be a superior substrate for generating zinc protoporphyrin compared to myoglobin. The release of iron ion from heme was crucial for zinc protoporphyrin formation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wandia Kimita, Sakina H. Bharmal, Juyeon Ko, Jaelim Cho, Maxim S. Petrov
Summary: This study investigated the associations between markers of iron metabolism and energy balance in new-onset diabetes patients, revealing that leptin may mediate the link between iron metabolism and new-onset diabetes mellitus.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sheena Potretzke, Andrine Lemieux, Motohiro Nakajima, Mustafa al'Absi
Summary: The study found that ghrelin is sensitive to acute stress and may serve as a marker for stress, craving, and smoking relapse.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Virology
Tali Wagner, Neta S. Zuckerman, Marina Wax, Rachel Shirazi, Yael Gozlan, Shirley Girshengorn, Rotem Marom, Ella Mendelson, Dan Turner, Orna Mor
Summary: In Israel, HIV-1 CRFs and URFs were mainly detected in Israeli-born MSM, and an increase in the overall proportion of such HIV-1 sequences could be observed in more recent years.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Wern Yew Ding, Majd B. Protty, Ian G. Davies, Gregory Y. H. Lip
Summary: Lipoproteins play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation by impacting hemostasis and promoting thrombus formation. Different types of lipoproteins contain various lipid species and proteins with distinct functions, potentially leading to thrombosis. There is a contradictory relationship between total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels with the incidence of atrial fibrillation.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mohsen Mazidi, Ian G. Davies, Peter Penson, Toni Rikkonen, Masoud Isanejad
Summary: This study using Mendelian randomisation found a causal and beneficial effect of serum 25(OH) D on both right- and left-hand grip strengths.
Article
Neurosciences
Ali Amirinejad, Mina Darand, Ian G. Davies, Mohsen Mazidi, Azadeh Nadjarzadeh, Masoud Mirzaei, Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary glycemic index (DGI) and glycemic load (DGL) and mental disorders. The results showed that consumption of foods with higher glycemic load was associated with lower odds of stress, but no significant association was found between DGI or DGL and risk of depression and anxiety.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Richard J. Webb, Mohsen Mazidi, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Andre P. Kengne, Maciej Banach, Ian G. Davies
Summary: This study investigated the impact of adiposity, diet, and inflammation on the discordance between apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The results showed that body mass index, dietary saturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, serum C-reactive protein, and uric acid were strongly associated with the discordance. Additionally, Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that higher body fat percentage was causally related to elevated ApoB.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katie Elizabeth Lane, Ian Glynn Davies, Zahra Darabi, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan, Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh, And Mohsen Mazidi
Summary: This study investigated the association between ultra-processed food consumption and quality of life in adolescent girls from northeastern Iran. The results demonstrated that higher intake of ultra-processed foods was associated with reduced quality of life and increased likelihood of insomnia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Richard Kirwan, Fatima Perez de Heredia, Deaglan McCullough, Tom Butler, Ian G. Davies
Summary: The COVID-19 lockdown measures resulted in significant changes in the practices, motivation levels, and willingness to continue with cardiac rehabilitation.
BMC SPORTS SCIENCE MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mehran Nouri, Ian G. Davies, Richard J. Webb, Mohsen Mazidi, Maede Makhtoomi, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Masoumeh Ghodusi Johari, Shiva Faghih
Summary: According to the NOVA classification system, the consumption of ultra-processed foods is positively associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Middle Eastern populations. However, individuals consuming more ultra-processed foods also have higher intakes of fiber and unsaturated fats.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella Moore, Imran Patanwala, Alireza Jafari, Ian G. Davies, Richard P. Kirwan, Lisa Newson, Mohsen Mazidi, Katie E. Lane
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of plant-based n-3 supplementation on NAFLD biomarkers. The results showed that plant-based n-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduced ALT and serum triglyceride levels in patients with NAFLD, as well as improved body composition markers and weight loss.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Richard Kirwan, Lisa Newson, Deaglan McCullough, Tom Butler, Ian G. Davies, Fatima Perez de Heredia
Summary: This study explored the perspectives of cardiac rehabilitation patients on a high-protein Mediterranean-style diet and resistance exercise protocol. The quantitative data showed a high level of understanding and willingness to participate in the study, while the qualitative analysis revealed a positive view of the research proposal, diet, and exercise protocol with some suggested refinements.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ian G. Davies
Summary: This review explores the potential benefits and risks of high-protein diets (HPD) for the comorbidity of sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The study suggests that a largely plant-based HPD combined with resistance exercise (RE) may be beneficial for muscle and cardiovascular health in CR. However, concerns are raised about the impact of HPD on renal and bone health, the microbiome, branched chain amino acids, and environmental sustainability. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HPD in CR populations.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Salman Mohammadi, Mahboobe Hosseinikia, Ali Ghaffarian-Bahraman, Cain C. T. Clark, Ian G. Davies, Esmaeil Yousefi Rad, Somayeh Saboori
Summary: Diet can affect the body's inflammatory state, which can be quantified by the dietary inflammatory index (DII). This study found that individuals with higher DII had a higher odds ratio of elevated CRP (E-CRP) compared to those with lower DII. Each unit increase in DII was associated with a 10% increase in the odds of E-CRP. The results were influenced by factors such as nationality, data collection tools, inflammatory biomarker measurement methods, study design, and data adjustments.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Nutrition & Dietetics
T. M. Blackham, L. Stevenson, J. C. Abayomi, I. G. Davies
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Nutrition & Dietetics
I. G. Davies, D. McCullough, K. E. Lane, M. Mazidi
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Nutrition & Dietetics
K. Lane, E. Moore, I. Davies, M. Mazidi, I. Patwanala
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Mina Darand, Ali Amirinejad, Amin Salehi-Abargouei, Ian G. Davies, Masoud Mirzaei, Mohsen Mazidi, Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
Summary: This study investigated the association between dietary insulin index (DII), insulin load (DIL), and psychological disorders. The results showed that higher insulin load was associated with lower stress scores, while there was no significant relationship between DII or DIL and respective depression or anxiety scores.
