Review
Cell Biology
Xuanzhi Zhu, Hanyao Huang, Lei Zhao
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a chronic artery disease, and periodontitis is a risk factor for it. There is a molecular pathological mechanism connecting the two conditions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Katia Boniface, Thierry Passeron, Julien Seneschal, Meri K. Tulic
Summary: The process leading to melanocyte loss in vitiligo involves multiple factors such as environmental triggers, genetic polymorphisms, metabolic alterations, and autoimmunity. This review emphasizes on how danger signals released by stressed epidermal cells can trigger the immune system, ultimately leading to melanocyte disappearance.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juan Jin, Tao-jie Zhou, Gui-ling Ren, Liang Cai, Xiao-ming Meng
Summary: NLRs, a major subfamily of pattern recognition receptors, have gained considerable attention due to their involvement in mediating the immune response and inflammatory pathways. This review summarises recent progress on the functions and mechanisms of NLRs in different types of renal diseases.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gang Pei, Anca Dorhoi
Summary: The innate immune system relies on pattern recognition receptors to detect microbial motifs, trigger immune responses, and regulate adaptive immunity. NLRs, in particular, are highlighted for their role in inflammation during cellular stress induced by infection. Understanding cellular homeostasis disruption and NLR functions provides insight into infection mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Wicherska-Pawlowska, Tomasz Wrobel, Justyna Rybka
Summary: The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating immune cells and initiating inflammatory and immune responses. This system also plays a role in cancer immunosurveillance, with potential for natural and synthetic agonists of PRRs to be used as adjuvants in cancer immunotherapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Ayush Kumar, Georgia Stavrakis, Andrew H. Karaba
Summary: Herpesviruses are common DNA viruses that cause lifelong infections and are associated with various diseases. While they can evade the immune system, they are recognized by the innate immune system, leading to inflammation. Recent studies have found that inflammasome signaling plays a role in herpesvirus innate immune activation and impacts disease outcomes.
Review
Microbiology
Ayush Kumar, Georgia Stavrakis, Andrew H. Karaba
Summary: Herpesviruses are common DNA viruses that cause lifelong infections and are associated with various diseases. They activate the innate immune system by inflammasome signaling, leading to inflammation and potential disease outcomes.
Review
Immunology
Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio, Robson Coutinho-Silva, David M. Ojcius
Summary: The innate immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on conserved receptors and ligands, and pathways to initiate a rapid response against microbial infections and other sources of stress and danger. Research on NOD-like receptors (NLRs) has advanced in the past two decades, providing insight into the ligands and conditions that activate NLRs, as well as the outcomes of NLR activation in cells and animals. NLRs play crucial roles in diverse functions, such as transcription of MHC molecules and initiation of inflammation, and their activation can be direct or indirect depending on the ligands involved. Future discoveries will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular details and physiological consequences of NLR activation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana Talipova, Aiganym Smagulova, Dimitri Poddighe
Summary: This review discusses the potential role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immunopathogenesis of CD. Although evidence from basic research is limited, differences in TLR expression and activation have been observed between active CD patients and controls or treated CD patients in some clinical studies. Therefore, TLRs may be part of the non-HLA-related genetic factors implicated in CD pathogenesis, considering their potential role in the interaction between the host immune system and environmental factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Lexiao Li, Yu Chen, Madison N. Sluter, Ruida Hou, Jiukuan Hao, Yin Wu, Guo-Yun Chen, Ying Yu, Jianxiong Jiang
Summary: In this study, the researchers reveal the anti-inflammatory role of Siglec-E in microglial activation and its neuroprotective effects in brain injuries. They found that the deficiency of Siglec-E exacerbates neuronal death and brain infarcts, and Siglec-E expression is significantly induced following brain ischemia-reperfusion. These findings suggest that Siglec-E plays a crucial role in immune regulation and self-repair in the brain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Smruti Mahapatra, Bristy Ganguly, Saswati Pani, Ashis Saha, Mrinal Samanta
Summary: This article provides an overview of various aspects of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in fish, including their history, classification, structure, function, signaling pathways, and expression patterns. The article highlights the specific contribution of TLRs to the immune response in fish and identifies gaps in research in this area.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paula Anton-Pampols, Clara Diaz-Requena, Laura Martinez-Valenzuela, Francisco Gomez-Preciado, Xavier Fulladosa, Anna Vidal-Alabro, Joan Torras, Nuria Lloberas, Juliana Draibe
Summary: This review describes the characteristics, activation mechanisms, regulation, and functions of different inflammasomes, and discusses the latest findings on the role of the inflammasome in several glomerulonephritis from in vitro, animal, and human studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ingo Schmitz, Sabrina Muehlen
Summary: NOD1 is an intracellular immune receptor that recognizes bacteria and activates immune responses. In addition to its role in pathogen recognition, NOD1 is also involved in cancer progression. Hezinger et al. discovered a non-canonical role of NOD1 in cell migration and identified HAX-1 as a novel interaction partner.
Article
Oncology
Alice J. West, Virginie Deswaerte, Alison C. West, Linden J. Gearing, Patrick Tan, Brendan J. Jenkins
Summary: Results from studying the role of NLRP3 in gastric cancer suggest that NLRP3 does not play a major role in promoting inflammasome-driven gastric tumorigenesis. Additionally, cellular processes associated with tumorigenesis and inflammasome activation levels were similar between mice with and without NLRP3. Further investigations are needed to identify the key inflammasome-associated PRR implicated in GC.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bryan Oronsky, Scott Caroen, Tony Reid
Summary: Inflammation is an overused and vague term in medicine. Although it is often seen as a negative and out-of-control response, the importance of inflammation to health and survival is frequently overlooked. Defining inflammation precisely helps in better managing it.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Ilya Potapov, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Antonio del Sol
Summary: This article highlights the opportunities brought by technological advances for collaboration between experimental and computational researchers in order to discover new therapeutic targets for modulating hyperinflammation.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Bhesh Raj Sharma, Rajendra Karki, Balamurugan Sundaram, Yaqiu Wang, Peter Vogel, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Summary: This study found that IRF9 plays an oncogenic role in CRC, and its loss reduces tumorigenesis. IRF9 promotes the activation of the pro-oncogenic STAT3 signaling pathway in the colon by promoting the release of IL-6. These findings provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CRC.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Bhesh Raj Sharma, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with inflammation being a key risk factor. Inflammasomes, multiprotein immune complexes, play a crucial role in maintaining gut homeostasis and regulating inflammation. They have been shown to be involved in colitis and colitis-associated CRC, through the release of interleukin-1 beta and IL-18. Different inflammasome sensors provide protection against colitis-associated CRC through both effector cytokine-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Inflammasomes also contribute to PANoptosomes and PANoptosis, which are forms of innate immune inflammatory cell death. Understanding the mechanisms and functions of inflammasomes in CRC could lead to potential therapeutic targets.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Camila Marques-da-Silva, Barun Poudel, Rodrigo P. Baptista, Kristen Peissig, Lisa S. Hancox, Justine C. Shiau, Lecia L. Pewe, Melanie J. Shears, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Photini Sinnis, Dennis E. Kyle, Prajwal Gurung, John T. Harty, Samarchith P. Kurup
Summary: Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is a severe disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The researchers have discovered a pathway of natural immunity critical for the control of malaria in the liver, which involves the sensing of Plasmodium DNA by cytosolic AIM2 receptors in infected hepatocytes, leading to Caspase-1 activation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Rajendra Karki, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Summary: ADAR1 and ZBP1 are two mammalian proteins with Z alpha domains that bind to nucleic acids. They play crucial roles in regulating various biological processes. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of their functions, establishing their fundamental regulation of innate immune responses. This review discusses their roles in innate immune responses in development and disease.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Shishir Singh, Mateo Murillo-Leon, Niklas Sebastian Endres, Ailan Farid Arenas Soto, Jorge Enrique Gomez-Marin, Florence Melbert, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Masahiro Yamamoto, Claudia Campos, Jonathan Charles Howard, Gregory Alan Taylor, Tobias Steinfeldt
Summary: Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which infects virtually all warm-blooded animals including humans. This study identifies a virulence effector, ROP39, in T. gondii that specifically targets Irgb10 to evade IRG-mediated control, increasing its pathogenicity. This finding contributes to our understanding of the coevolutionary relationship between T. gondii and mice, which are important for transmission.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joo-Hui Han, Rebecca E. Tweedell, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Summary: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens and sterile insults. Understanding the activation and regulation of innate immune programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for characterizing immune responses and identifying therapeutic targets across diseases.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lalita Mazgaeen, Matthew Yorek, Saurabh Saini, Peter Vogel, David K. Meyerholz, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Prajwal Gurung
Summary: Mice with a specific amino acid substitution in SHP1 protein (Ptpn6(spin) mice) develop an autoinflammatory disease. When Ptpn6(spin) bone marrow cells are transferred into Cd47-deficient mice, marked weight loss and death occur. The study suggests that gut leakage caused by pathogenic neutrophils may contribute to the morbidity and mortality in Cd47(-/-) mice receiving Ptpn6(spin) cells. IL-1 blockade with anakinra can rescue the disease phenotype.
Review
Immunology
Wen Chen, Jessica M. M. Gullett, Rebecca E. E. Tweedell, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Summary: Regulated cell death (RCD) is important for host survival during pathogen invasion and cellular disturbances. This review focuses on the newly discovered RCD pathway called PANoptosis, which is an inflammatory cell death pathway regulated by PANoptosome complexes. The article discusses the molecular components of PANoptosomes, their assembly, activation, regulation, and their link to diseases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebecca E. Tweedell, Sivakumar Prasanth Kumar, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Summary: The past two decades of research have revealed new innate immune sensing and cell death pathways that are relevant to diseases. Further molecular characterization of these pathways and understanding their crosstalk and functional redundancies will contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. K. Subbarao Malireddi, Ratnakar R. Bynigeri, Raghvendra Mall, Eswar Kumar Nadendla, Jon P. Connelly, Shondra M. Pruett-Miller, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Summary: Transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a central regulator of innate immunity, cell death, inflammation, and cellular homeostasis. Many pathogens carry TAK1 inhibitors (TAK1i), but inhibition or deletion of TAK1 induces spontaneous inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, which promotes pathological inflammation. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate TAK1i-induced cell death is crucial.
Article
Virology
R. K. Subbarao Malireddi, Bhesh Raj Sharma, Ratnakar R. Bynigeri, Yaqiu Wang, Jianlin Lu, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Summary: This study investigates the role of MLKL in regulating IAV-induced cell death and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results indicate that IAV induces inflammatory cell death through the ZBP1-PANoptosome, partially dependent on RIPK3 at later timepoints and independent of MLKL throughout all timepoints. Additionally, NLRP3 inflammasome activation is unaffected in MLKL-deficient cells, suggesting that MLKL and MLKL-dependent necroptosis do not act upstream of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, IL-1 beta maturation, and lytic cell death during IAV infection.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Rebecca E. Tweedell, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
R. K. Subbarao Malireddi, Ratnakar R. Bynigeri, Raghvendra Mall, Jon P. Connelly, Shondra M. Pruett-Miller, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Summary: This study utilized a genome-wide screening approach to identify host factors and cellular death mechanisms associated with beta-coronavirus infection. The findings revealed key factors involved in innate immune processes and provided new targets for therapeutic development against beta-coronavirus infections.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Wen Chen, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti