Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
H. van den Brand, R. Meijerhof, M. J. W. Heetkamp, I van den Anker, M. Ooms, B. Kemp, R. Molenaar
Summary: The study investigated the effects of eggshell temperature and CO2 concentration on incubating eggs, finding that the impact of CO2 concentration (at concentrations <= 0.8%) on embryonic development and chicken quality appears to be limited when eggshell temperature is maintained at a constant level. Moreover, a higher eggshell temperature from day 8 of incubation onward seems to negatively affect chicken quality at hatch.
Article
Agronomy
Kilian Fenske, Andreas Lemme, Elmar Rother, Heiner Westendarp
Summary: A protein reduction feeding trial was conducted in a commercial broiler farm in northern Germany to demonstrate the transferability of research results on protein reduction to agricultural practice. The results showed that protein reduction did not affect chicken performance, but improved nitrogen conversion and reduced nitrogen excretion.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Violaine Mechin, Patrick Pageat, Eva Teruel, Pietro Asproni
Summary: Chemical communication, specifically through the vomeronasal organ, plays a crucial role in animal behavior. This study demonstrates that aging significantly impacts the condition of the vomeronasal organ, leading to neuronal degeneration and changes in protein expression. The findings shed light on the effects of aging on chemical communication efficiency in animals.
Article
Biology
Ashley M. Blawas, Douglas P. Nowacek, Julie Rocho-Levine, Todd R. Robeck, Andreas Fahlman
Summary: The plasticity of cardiac function in marine mammals allows for rapid adjustments to meet the contrasting metabolic demands of surface breathing and extended diving. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) serves to increase cardiorespiratory efficiency by modulating heart rate in response to respiration. While higher breathing rates are associated with higher heart rates, larger animals have lower RSA values. The study suggests that RSA is affected by breathing rate and implies the importance of considering RSA in interpreting heart rate measurements in cetaceans.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olga Filina, Burak Demirbas, Rik Haagmans, Jeroen S. van Zon
Summary: Maintaining the correct temporal order of cellular events is crucial for animal development. In this study, researchers used time-lapse microscopy to examine the timing of gene expression, cell divisions, and cuticle shedding in individual Caenorhabditis elegans larvae. They found that there was variability in timing between individuals, but this variability followed temporal scaling. Changes in temperature, diet, or genotype also influenced timing, but still adhered to temporal scaling. However, shifting conditions during development disrupted temporal scaling and changed event order in a condition-specific manner.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Boyner, E. Ivarsson, M. Andersson Franko, M. Rezaei, H. Wall
Summary: This study revealed that newly hatched chicks remained inactive for a considerable amount of time before engaging in eating-related activities. Different hatching times had effects on organ development, digestive enzymes, and growth in chicks. Despite initial differences, the chicks seemed capable of compensating for these differences as they grew.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Aizwarya Thanabalan, Elijah G. Kiarie
Summary: This study investigated the effects of feeding different sources of omega-3 fatty acids on broiler breeder development. The results showed that feeding microalgae with DHA or flaxseed and pulse mixture with ALA improved growth uniformity and jejunal histomorphology.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Pietro Asproni, Eva Mainau, Alessandro Cozzi, Ricard Carreras, Cecile Bienboire-Frosini, Eva Teruel, Patrick Pageat
Summary: This study found that farm pigs can be affected by inflammation of the vomeronasal organ, and pigs with this alteration exhibit an increased number of skin lesions caused by fights with other pigs. These results highlight a potential association between vomeronasal organ dysfunction and aggressive behavior in farm animals, which has implications for animal welfare.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Karol Wlodarczyk, Dariusz Kokoszynski, Mohamed Saleh, Dariusz Piwczynski
Summary: The aim of the study was to compare the carcass features and digestive system of dual-purpose hens and broiler breeders. The results showed significant differences in carcass weight and dimensions between the two groups. Duel-purpose hens had lower percentages of certain muscles and skin, while broiler breeders had longer intestines and greater mass of internal organs.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lu Tong, Dongyuan Hu, Lu Chao, Xiaoling Liu, Chunhong Wang, Xiaosu Yi
Summary: A jute/polyester hybrid breathing material was developed, showing sensitivity to moisture but high permeability and tensile strength. It could be reused multiple times with retention of high permeability. Permeability was influenced by humidity and hot press conditions, increasing with porosity.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Monica Bolufer, Clara Garcia-Carro, Miquel Blasco, Luis F. Quintana, Amir Shabaka, Cristina Rabasco, Juliana Draibe, Ana Merino, Maria Rosa Melero, Fabiola Alonso, Anna Buxeda, Paula Batalha, Maria Teresa Visus, Maria Jose Soler
Summary: This study examines the clinical and histological characteristics of patients with active solid organ malignancy who underwent kidney biopsy. Acute interstitial nephritis has been identified as the most common kidney injury in these patients. Renal biopsy is a valuable tool for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of solid organ cancer patients with kidney damage.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mikako Shibata, Tatsuyuki Takahashi, Takaharu Kozakai, Junji Shindo, Yohei Kurose
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of intestinal glucose absorption with growth in broiler chickens. The results showed that glucose absorption throughout the intestine could be greater in older chickens (5 weeks old) compared to younger chickens (1 week old). However, reduced sensitivity of sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), decreased ion permeability, and intestinal overdevelopment lead to decreased local glucose absorption in the jejunum of older chickens.
Article
Physiology
Xiurong Ye, Lili Lu, Meijun Jiang, Jiuman Jia, Weifeng Li, Haiping Wu, Yongyan Liao, Jian Li
Summary: The study revealed that the metabolic rate of Nile tilapia can vary under different culture conditions, while there is no significant relationship between blood parameters and body mass. The proportion of active and inactive organs influences the allometric changes in metabolic rate with body mass.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Taye Melaku Taddesse, Joseph Mathew
Summary: This study investigates the velocity field characteristics of stationary, turbulent twin round jets. Large-eddy simulations were conducted to obtain the flow fields, revealing that the two jets develop independently and merge into a single jet with an elliptic cross-section downstream. The merged jet becomes circular after a certain distance. The fluctuation levels of the merged jet scale with the local maximum mean velocity, and the mean streamwise velocity reaches a peak at a certain distance from the inflow plane. The velocity and length scales of the merged jet are connected to the input parameters through simple relations, and the far field development can be scaled using intrinsic scales.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jolique A. van Ipenburg, Quincy C. C. van den Bosch, Dion Paridaens, Hendrikus J. Dubbink, Emine Kilic, Nicole Naus, Robert M. Verdijk, Rotterdam Ocular Melanoma Study Grp
Summary: This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of ATRX loss in conjunctival melanocytic lesions and found that ATRX loss and TERT promoter mutations are only found in (pre)malignant conjunctival melanocytic lesions, with most metastatic cases harboring one of these alterations, suggesting that both alterations are associated with adverse behavior. Similar to TERT promoter mutations, ATRX loss may be used as a diagnostic tool in determining whether a conjunctival melanocytic lesion is prone to having an adverse course.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oliver E. Demuth, Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman, Julia van Beesel, Heinrich Mallison, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Accurate muscle parameters are essential for biomechanical models and simulations of musculoskeletal function. However, obtaining these parameters often involves destructive techniques, which can be challenging in extinct taxa. This study presents a new protocol for estimating missing muscle parameters in both extant and extinct taxa, demonstrating its applicability across different animal clades. The estimated parameters were found to be reliable and accurate. This methodology has potential for various applications in evolutionary morphology and biomechanics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Eva C. Herbst, Armita R. Manafzadeh, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: A study found that the osteological morphology of the early tetrapod Eryops megacephalus may have enabled salamander-like hindlimb kinematics on land. A new research method allows for holistic comparison of limb configurations between different species, facilitating comparisons of locomotion diversity in the past and present.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Eva C. Herbst, Enrico A. Eberhard, John R. Hutchinson, Christopher T. Richards
Summary: Quantifying joint range of motion (RoM) has numerous applications in research and clinical care. This study introduces a novel 3D visualization technique called spherical frame projection (SFP) which can visually demonstrate how joint axes rotations interact to produce joint positions. The SFP visualizations are intuitive and incorporate the interactions of degrees of freedom, making it a valuable tool for studying joint function.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Andrew R. Cuff, Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman, Peter J. Bishop, Krijn B. Michel, Raphaelle Gaignet, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: In vertebrates, muscle forces acting on bones drive active movement. This study investigates the relationship between physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) and muscular attachment areas (AAs) in hindlimb muscles of Nile crocodiles and bird species. Findings show variations in the ratio between AAs and PCSA within and across species, but muscle fascicle lengths are consistent within individual species. Equations can predict the ratio of muscle AA to PCSA, and this method can be used to estimate muscle sizes in archosaurian muscles.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oliver E. Demuth, Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Birds and crocodylians, the remaining members of Archosauria, have major differences in posture and gait. The ancestral capabilities of bipedalism in archosaurs are contentious. Euparkeria capensis, a central taxon for studying locomotion in archosaurs, is argued to be facultatively bipedal, but no biomechanical tests have been performed. Through musculoskeletal models and simulations, it is unlikely that Euparkeria was bipedal, suggesting ancestral bipedal abilities in Archosauria are unlikely.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
Summary: The water-to-land transition of the first tetrapod vertebrates is a crucial stage in their evolution. Through the study of bone microanatomy in reptiles, we can gain insights into the mechanisms behind their locomotor and postural diversity. We have developed a model to infer locomotion in extinct reptiles based on microanatomical parameters and have applied it to 7 taxa with debated locomotion strategies.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Biographical-Item
Biology
Jonathan Richard Codd, Wilfried Klein, Markus Lambertz
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
Summary: Mammals have a long evolutionary history and are now one of the most diverse groups of tetrapod vertebrates. This diversity is reflected in their postural variations and microanatomical differences in the bones. The study shows how these anatomical parameters can be related to posture and provides a model that can be used to infer the posture of extinct synapsids.
JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION
(2023)
Correction
Evolutionary Biology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
Summary: Reptiles, including lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and birds, exhibit a diverse range of locomotion and limb bone microstructure. This study quantitatively examines the relationship between angular microanatomical parameters of reptilian femoral cross-sections and locomotion using elliptic Fourier transforms and statistical analyses. Results show that while phylogeny plays a significant role, a functional signal exists, with bipeds showing a craniolateral-caudomedial deficit in bone compactness, and quadrupeds showing a dorsoventral deficit. These findings provide insights into the complex interplay between phylogeny, femoral cross-sectional microanatomy, and locomotion in reptiles.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sophie Macaulay, Tatjana Hoehfurtner, Samuel R. R. Cross, Ryan D. Marek, John R. Hutchinson, Emma R. Schachner, Alice E. Maher, Karl T. Bates
Summary: Research challenges the traditional dichotomy between dinosaurs and birds, showing that their evolution is not strictly defined by phylogenetics, but rather by the different demands of terrestrial and flight lifestyles. The evolution of body shape and mass distribution in birds suggests modularity, with powered flight evolving before fully crouched bipedalism.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Jordan Gonet, Michel Laurin, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Extant amniotes exhibit diverse postures. Limbs with erect or crouched postures are found in different taxa based on their locomotion and body mass. The postural transition from sprawling to erect limbs occurred in both reptiles and synapsids during the Mesozoic Era. This study examines the link between femoral posture and trabecular architecture using phylogenetic analysis, revealing conflicting results regarding the evolution of posture in amniotes.
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mauro B. S. Lacerda, Jonathas S. Bittencourt, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: The study analyzed the macroevolution of the locomotor system in early Theropoda, with a focus on Megalosauroidea. By scoring Spinosaurus and mapping the modifications onto a phylogeny, the researchers studied the disparities in the evolution of Megalosauroidea. The findings provide a stronger foundation for future studies on pelvic/appendicular musculature and locomotor function.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Mauro B. S. Lacerda, Jonathas S. Bittencourt, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: This study reconstructs the hindlimb musculature of Piatnitzkysauridae, providing a more complete understanding of myological evolution in theropod pelvic appendages.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Max J. Kurz, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Elephants use visual feedback to correct and maintain the proper sequencing of their limbs during locomotion.