Article
Immunology
Aaroh Anand Joshi, Marc Vocanson, Jean-Francois Nicolas, Peter Wolf, Vijaykumar Patra
Summary: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that significantly affects the patient's quality of life. Disrupted skin barrier, type 2 cytokine-dominated inflammation, and microbial dysbiosis with increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization are critical components of AD pathogenesis. Decreased expression of AMPs in AD patients leads to increased colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. AMPs derived from the host and skin microbiome play a crucial role in defining the skin microbial landscape and maintaining immune homeostasis, making them potential therapeutics for AD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Verena Kopfnagel, Sylvia Dreyer, Jana Zeitvogel, Dietmar H. Pieper, Anna Buch, Beate Sodeik, Franziska Rademacher, Juergen Harder, Thomas Werfel
Summary: The increased amount of extracellular self-DNA in lesional skin of AD patients leads to the formation of complexes with antimicrobial peptides, significantly reducing their antibacterial and antiviral activities. Further research is needed to explore strategies to reduce extracellular DNA in AD for potential clinical applications.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Emilia Alves, Joao Gregorio, Andre Rolim Baby, Patricia Rijo, Luis M. Rodrigues, Catarina Rosado
Summary: Diet plays a fundamental role in maintaining the balance of bodily functions, including skin health, through the gut-skin axis. Probiotics in kefir have potential therapeutic benefits for inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis. The intake of homemade kefir has been shown to improve skin barrier function and severity of atopic dermatitis, particularly in terms of skin hydration.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dora Hrestak, Mario Matijasic, Hana Cipcic Paljetak, Daniela Ledic Drvar, Suzana Ljubojevic Hadzavdic, Mihaela Peric
Summary: This review provides an overview of the involvement of skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis (AD) and its complex interaction with the host immune response mechanisms, as well as novel therapeutic strategies focused on restoring skin microbial homeostasis for treating AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Domenico Santoro
Summary: This study aimed to measure the concentrations of beta-defensins (cBD3)-like and cathelicidin (cCath) host defence peptides (HDPs) in the ears of healthy and atopic dogs, and to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the obtained HDPs. The results showed a significantly lower concentration of cBD3-like and cCath HDPs in the ears of atopic dogs compared to healthy dogs. The antimicrobial activity of the aural secretions was minimal to variable in both groups. These findings are important for understanding the changes in defence peptides in the ears of atopic dogs and developing new treatment strategies.
VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Georgeta St Bocheva, Radomir M. Slominski, Andrzej T. Slominski
Summary: The aging skin undergoes immunosenescence and immunological alterations, which together with environmental stressors and genetic factors can lead to immune dysregulation and epidermal barrier abnormalities, facilitating the late onset of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the elderly. While healthy aged skin shows overproduction of cytokines, older AD patients have decreased levels of Th2/Th22 related cytokines and increased expression of terminal differentiation markers, reflecting the persistence of AD in an aged skin environment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qingfeng Liu, Mengmeng Li, Na Wang, Chun He, Xian Jiang, Jingyi Li
Summary: This study demonstrated that topical application of CAPCS can improve skin inflammation and reduce scratching behavior in AD, by suppressing inflammatory cell infiltration and decreasing levels of inflammatory cytokines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Lilla Szabo, Aniko Kapitany, Orsolya Somogyi, Iman Alhafez, Krisztian Gaspar, Reka Palatka, Lilla Soltesz, Daniel Torocsik, Zoltan Hendrik, Zsolt Dajnoki, Andrea Szegedi
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is characterized by significant damage to the permeability barrier and a lack of comprehensive studies on the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the disease. This study investigated the expression of antimicrobial peptides in atopic dermatitis and found that LL-37 was impaired in both non-lesional and lesional atopic dermatitis, suggesting its potential role in the disease's development. Antimicrobial peptides were found to be elevated in lesional atopic dermatitis, similar to lesional psoriatic skin.
ACTA DERMATO-VENEREOLOGICA
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Masanori Fujii
Summary: Ceramide abnormalities in atopic dermatitis (AD) are believed to be part of the disease's pathogenesis, with the involvement of Th2 and Th1 cytokines. Emollients rich in ceramides have been approved as adjunctive barrier repair agents for AD.
Article
Dermatology
Antonio Corona, Antonella Vercelli, Natascia Bruni, Eleonora Guidi, Luisa Cornegliani
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of different dilutions of Lfcin solution against M. pachydermatis strains isolated from ears of dogs and cats with otitis externa. The results showed that the 20% Lfcin solution exhibited antimicrobial activity specific to antimicrobial peptides, effective in killing M. pachydermatis isolated strains. Some susceptibilities were also evident at lower concentrations of <= 6.7% for four strains.
VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hai Le Thanh Nguyen, Ge Peng, Juan Valentin Trujillo-Paez, Hainan Yue, Risa Ikutama, Miho Takahashi, Yoshie Umehara, Ko Okumura, Hideoki Ogawa, Shigaku Ikeda, Francois Niyonsaba
Summary: The article investigates the effects of the antimicrobial peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (AMP-IBP5) on the skin barrier and its role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). The study finds that AMP-IBP5 improves tight junction barrier function through activation of specific pathways and ameliorates AD-like inflammation and enhances skin barrier function through the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1). These findings suggest a potential role for AMP-IBP5 in the treatment of AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana B. Arroyo, Martin Bernal-Carrion, Joaquin Canton-Sandoval, Isabel Cabas, Raul Corbalan-Velez, Teresa Martinez-Menchon, Belen Ferri, Maria L. Cayuela, Diana Garcia-Moreno, Victoriano Mulero
Summary: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease with no specific treatment. Recent research has shown the critical role of NAD(+) and PAR metabolism in oxidative stress and skin inflammation. Alterations in NAMPT and PARP expression were observed in AD patients, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets for skin inflammatory disorders. Pharmacological inhibition of NAMPT and PARP reduced AD-associated biomarkers in a human 3D organotypic skin model, suggesting new potential treatments for AD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel, Anna Golke, Ewelina Kwiecien, Malgorzata J. Bieganska, Kourou Dembele, Malgorzata Dziekiewicz-Mrugasiewicz, Michal Czopowicz, Magdalena Kizerwetter-Swida, Magdalena Rzewuska
Summary: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common inflammatory skin disease in dogs, with secondary organisms overgrowth and skin infections. The causes of this disease are not fully understood, so lifelong symptomatic treatment is the only option.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giorgia Condro, Marta Guerini, Michela Castello, Paola Perugini
Summary: The skin microbiota plays an important role in maintaining healthy skin, but its balance can be disrupted by various factors, leading to the development of skin diseases. The correlation between diseases like acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, rosacea and the skin microbiota is still unclear, and more research is needed to explore the specific subspecies and strains involved.
Review
Allergy
Lidia Sans-de San Nicolas, Tali Czarnowicki, Mubeccel Akdis, Ramon M. M. Pujol, Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo, Donald Y. M. Leung, Emma Guttman-Yassky, Luis F. F. Santamaria-Babi
Summary: CLA(+)T cells, a small subset of memory T cells, are involved in various aspects of atopic dermatitis, including Staphylococcus aureus related mechanisms, abnormal Th2 immune response, biomarkers, clinical aspects, pruritus, and targeted therapies. These cells correspond to the function of T cells in the skin-associated lymphoid tissue and reflect different mechanisms of atopic dermatitis and other T cell mediated skin diseases. The review aims to gather all translational information on atopic dermatitis pathology.