Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aleksandra O. Travina, Nadya Ilicheva, Alexey G. Mittenberg, Sergey Shabelnikov, Anastasia Kotova, Olga Podgornaya
Summary: TRF2's long linker region udTRF2 may play a role in the interaction between TRF2 and lamin proteins, as well as interacting with other proteins. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that apart from interacting with lamin proteins, udTRF2 also interacts with a variety of other proteins; some of the known interactors are involved in telomere biology, while the roles of others are yet to be investigated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yizhuo Che, Xiaofei Yang, Peng Jia, Tingjie Wang, Dan Xu, Tianxue Guo, Kai Ye
Summary: This study introduces two global physical properties, DNA density and distance to nuclear periphery, and constructs a 2D matrix called D-2 plot for mapping genetic and epigenetic markers. Functional markers on the D-2 plot show distinct patterns, indicating its ability to compartmentalize functional genome regions. Furthermore, this study successfully identifies constantly active and newly activated genes during olfactory sensory neuron maturation based on the trajectories on the D-2 plot. The research reveals that the D-2 plot effectively categorizes functional regions and provides a universal and transcription-related measurement for the 3D genome.
Review
Cell Biology
Margarida Dantas, Joana T. Lima, Jorge G. Ferreira
Summary: Cells undergo extensive reorganization of the cytoskeleton and nucleus in preparation for mitosis, coordinated by Cyclin-CDK activity. Recent studies suggest that physical forces are also involved in spindle assembly. The crosstalk of physical forces and biochemical signals ensures efficient spindle assembly and chromosome segregation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Miluse Vozdova, Svatava Kubickova, Halina Cernohorska, Jan Frohlich, Jiri Rubes
Summary: This study investigated the chromosome relationships between red deer and cattle, identified errors in the red deer genome assembly, specified cervid evolutionary chromosome breakpoints, and confirmed chromosome fusion in various deer species. The results support necessary improvements in the red deer genome assembly and genetic studies in the Cervidae family.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aizhan Bizhanova, Paul D. Kaufman
Summary: Chromatin, composed of DNA, RNA, and proteins, plays a vital role in regulating the storage and expression of genetic material. Heterochromatin, including LADs and NADs, is crucial for maintaining genome stability and spatial genome organization in mammals, contributing to normal gene function and expression patterns. These heterochromatic domains have been extensively studied in cellular differentiation and early embryonic development, with LADs showing early appearance in preimplantation embryos, highlighting their significance in development.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosela Golloshi, Christopher Playter, Trevor F. Freeman, Priyojit Das, Thomas Isaac Raines, Joshua H. Garretson, Delaney Thurston, Rachel Patton McCord
Summary: The relationship between 3D genome structure and constricted migration in cancer cells is investigated. Phenotypic differences are identified in cells that have undergone constricted migration, suggesting stable differences in gene expression and cellular migration phenotype. The observations suggest that consistent types of chromosome structure changes are induced or selected by passage through constrictions and may encode stable differences in gene expression and cellular migration phenotype.
Review
Oncology
Maddison Rose, Joshua T. Burgess, Kenneth O'Byrne, Derek J. Richard, Emma Bolderson
Summary: This review provides an overview of the potential role and possible applications of inner nuclear membrane proteins in cancer therapeutics.
CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Isabelle Loiodice, Mickael Garnier, Ivaylo Nikolov, Angela Taddei
Summary: Silent chromatin in eukaryotic cells is mainly located at the nuclear periphery, and the establishment of silencing is a stepwise process occurring over several cell cycles. Studying a budding yeast model, researchers have identified mechanisms and protein recruitment relationships during the process of establishing silencing at an ectopic locus.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junko Tomikawa, Kei Miyamoto
Summary: The regulation of gene expression is crucial for cellular identity, controlled through a chromatin mechanism in the nucleus. Recent studies show that chromatin accessibility and high-order structure impact transcriptional outcomes, especially during development and reprogramming. Additionally, non-chromosomal nucleoskeleton proteins in the cell nucleus can also alter transcription through chromatin and nuclear structure interactions, with unresolved questions in the field.
Review
Cell Biology
Charles T. Halfmann, Kyle J. Roux
Summary: The nuclear envelope, a critical barrier between the cytosol and nucleus, is essential for organizing and protecting genomic DNA. Disruption of the nuclear envelope can lead to unregulated mixing of cellular compartments and DNA damage. The DNA-binding protein BAF has been identified as crucial for repairing nuclear rupture, offering insights into potential treatments for NE-associated diseases and cancer.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tingting Duan, Rebecca Cupp, Pamela K. Geyer
Summary: This study demonstrates that compromised nuclear lamina integrity in Drosophila germ cells can activate checkpoint kinases, leading to loss of germline stem cells. The structural defects in nuclear lamina during mitosis are linked to checkpoint activation, affecting the normal function of germ cells.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jian Sun, Junwei Chen, Kshitij Amar, Yanyan Wu, Mingxing Jiang, Ning Wang
Summary: There is increasing evidence that force affects cells and tissues in various physiological and pathological processes, including gene regulation. However, the molecular pathway of force transmission from the nuclear lamina to the chromatin remains unclear. This study reveals that the nuclear protein LAP2 beta mediates force transmission from the nuclear lamina to the chromatin, and this pathway plays a crucial role in gene regulation.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Julia Madsen-Osterbye, Mohamed Abdelhalim, Sarah Hazell Pickering, Philippe Collas
Summary: This study reveals that the nuclear lamina provides a repressive chromatin environment, and most genes in lamina-associated domains (LADs) are inactive. However, over ten percent of the genes in LADs are active. The study shows that the inferred enhancers of active genes in LADs can interact with other enhancers inside and outside LADs, and the distance between differentially expressed genes in LADs and distant enhancers changes during adipogenic differentiation. The involvement of lamin A/C in repressing genes in the border of an in-LAD active region within a topological domain is also shown.
Review
Cell Biology
Julia Madsen-osterbye, Aurelie Bellanger, Natalia M. Galigniana, Philippe Collas
Summary: This article provides an overview of the characteristics and methods of chromatin-lamina interactions, as well as the research progress and biological insights inferred from modeling chromatin-lamina interactions in normal and disease states. Future directions for development are also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Samuel Cole Kitzman, Tingting Duan, Miles A. Pufall, Pamela K. Geyer
Summary: The nuclear lamina (NL) is an extensive protein network that regulates chromatin organization and gene expression. Lap2-emerin-MAN1 domain (LEM-D) proteins, key members of the NL, connect the NL to the genome through interactions with Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor (BAF). In this study, the contributions of emerin and BAF to gene expression in the ovary were investigated. The results revealed a set of NL-regulated genes, most of which were found to be dependent on the activation of Checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2). Additionally, a smaller set of emerin-dependent genes were identified. These findings shed light on the importance of NL proteins in gene expression regulation and have implications for NL-associated diseases.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2022)