Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Han Na Lee, Mi Suk Jeong, Se Bok Jang
Summary: Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its homologs play important roles in the nervous system and are overexpressed in cancer cells. Research indicates their involvement in several cancers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Qing Xia, XinYu Yang, JiaBin Shi, ZiJie Liu, YaHui Peng, WenJing Wang, BoWen Li, Yu Zhao, JiaYing Xiao, Lei Huang, DaYong Wang, Xu Gao
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of amyloid beta peptides and Tau protein in the brain. Mutations in amyloid precursor protein gene can cause familial Alzheimer's disease, but the A673T mutation shows protective effects against it.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sandra Schilling, Ajay Pradhan, Amelie Heesch, Andrea Helbig, Kaj Blennow, Christian Koch, Lea Bertgen, Edward H. Koo, Gunnar Brinkmalm, Henrik Zetterberg, Stefan Kins, Simone Eggert
Summary: This study compares the effects of different APP genetic mutations on their processing and pathogenic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. The results show significant differences in the underlying mechanisms for familial AD mutations located at the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-secretase cleavage sites. Different mutations have different effects on APP processing and the generation of A β peptides.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Taylor A. Strope, Heather M. Wilkins
Summary: Processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) to amyloid beta (Ab) is a key characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The accumulation and aggregation of Ab is believed to cause AD, but recent attempts to target Ab therapeutically have been unsuccessful. Research has also evidenced metabolic deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, with localization of APP and γ-secretase to mitochondria. This article explores the evidence of the mitochondrial localization of APP and γ-secretase, and discusses their implications in regulating mitochondrial function.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Diana M. Bessa de Sousa, Ariane Benedetti, Barbara Altendorfer, Heike Mrowetz, Michael S. Unger, Katharina Schallmoser, Ludwig Aigner, Kathrin Maria Kniewallner
Summary: In Alzheimer's disease, dysfunctional platelets may contribute to amyloid beta deposition. Platelet depletion in APP-PS1 transgenic mice led to an increase in amyloid plaque size distribution and neuritic dystrophy in the hippocampus of female mice. It was found that platelet-depleted females had lower amounts of amyloid beta cargo and increased overlap between astrocytic processes and amyloid plaques. These findings suggest that platelets might limit plaque growth and reduce plaque-related neuritic dystrophy at advanced stages of amyloid plaque pathology in APP-PS1 female mice.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yanjun Guo, Qinqiu Wang, Shenghui Chen, Chengfu Xu
Summary: This article summarizes the regulatory effects of APP and its cleavage peptides on metabolism in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, indicating that peptides generated by non-amyloidogenic processing can have positive effects on metabolism, while those produced by amyloidogenic processing may have negative impacts. Abnormal expression of APP is associated with metabolic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, etc.) and cancer.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kseniia S. Orobets, Andrey L. Karamyshev
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder associated with age or inherited mutations. It is characterized by severe dementia that affects memory, cognitive functions, and daily life. The disease is linked to the accumulation of cytotoxic amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, as well as other pathological features. Various treatment options, such as antibody-based therapy and stem cell transplantation, are being investigated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jiang Chen, Jun-Sheng Chen, Song Li, Fengning Zhang, Jie Deng, Ling-Hui Zeng, Jun Tan
Summary: Decades of research have shown that amyloid-beta (Aβ) plays an undeniable role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the focus on the pathological effects of Aβ may overshadow the significance of its metabolic precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP), in the occurrence and progression of AD. This review explores the various roles of APP in AD, including its structure, functions, enzymatic processing, and potential therapeutic approaches to targeting APP to ameliorate AD pathologies and halt disease progression.
Review
Cell Biology
Bruce G. Mockett, Margaret M. Ryan
Summary: Soluble amyloid precursor protein-alpha (sAPP alpha) is a brain-derived protein with neuro-protective, neurogenic, and neurotropic properties. It has potential therapeutic applications in neurological diseases characterized by synaptic failure and neuronal loss, but its large size and difficulty of delivery to the brain pose challenges. However, sAPP alpha is composed of neuroactive domains that have similar properties and may be developed as multipurpose therapeutic agents.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Helen C. Murray, Galit Saar, Li Bai, Nadia Bouraoud, Stephen Dodd, Blake Highet, Brigid Ryan, Maurice A. Curtis, Alan Koretsky, Leonardo Belluscio
Summary: Before AD is diagnosed, patients have impaired sense of smell and p-amyloid plaques accumulate in the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb. The olfactory vector hypothesis suggests that external agents cause the aggregation and spread of p-amyloid from the olfactory bulb to connected brain regions. Using a mouse model, we demonstrate the progressive accumulation of p-amyloid plaques in the olfactory bulb and cortical olfactory regions, as well as the reduced olfactory bulb volumes. Our findings indicate that hAPP expression in the olfactory epithelium can contribute to the early stages of p-amyloid-related AD progression through the olfactory system.
Article
Neurosciences
Filomena Iannuzzi, Vincenza Frisardi, Lucio Annunziato, Carmela Matrone
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder without a cure, and the challenge lies in identifying specific biomarkers for each patient before neurodegenerative processes begin. This study found that excessive phosphorylation of the APP Tyr(682) residue precedes amyloid beta accumulation and neuronal degeneration in AD neurons. It suggests using fibroblasts as a tool to assess APP Tyr(682) phosphorylation as a potential diagnostic strategy.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Li-Hua Dong, Lei Sun, Wen-Jing Zhang, Xiao-Yan Wang, Jia-Mei Li
Summary: The study found that the level of miR-202 in the serum of AD patients significantly decreased, serving as a potential biomarker for AD diagnosis. MiR-202 promotes AD development by targeting APP.
KAOHSIUNG JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Rebecca M. C. Gabriele, Emily Abel, Nick C. Fox, Selina Wray, Charles Arber
Summary: Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its cleavage fragment Amyloid-beta (A beta) play crucial roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic alterations that increase the overall dosage of APP or favor the generation of more aggregation-prone A beta species directly contribute to the disease. Lowering APP expression is an attractive approach for AD treatment and prevention. New technologies that reduce APP expression may offer disease modification and slow clinical progression.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jinsu Park, Meenu Madan, Srinivasulu Chigurupati, Seung Hyun Baek, Yoonsuk Cho, Mohamed R. Mughal, Amin Yu, Sic L. Chan, Jogi Pattisapu, Mark P. Mattson, Dong-Gyu Jo
Summary: AQP1 levels are elevated in the cerebral cortex during the early stages of AD, particularly in vulnerable neurons, and increase as aging progresses in AD mouse models. AQP1 appears to reduce A beta production by inhibiting the binding between BACE1 and APP.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Nilamuni H. de Silva, Anthony Dahdah, Ewan W. Blanch, Helmut M. Huegel, Subashani Maniam
Summary: In this study, a microwave-assisted, one-pot, three-component, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction was developed to synthesize bis-spirooxindoles. These compounds showed high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity and demonstrated potential as inhibitors against amyloid-beta fibrillation, making them attractive therapeutic leads for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sergio Pandolfi, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Giovanni Ricevuti, Luigi Valdenassi, Geir Bjorklund, Roman Lysiuk, Monica Daniela Dosa, Larysa Lenchyk, Serafino Fazio
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on mankind, especially in Italy. Through post-mortem autopsies, immune-thrombosis of the lungs was identified as the major pathogenesis of COVID-19. Early anti-inflammatory therapy may be effective in treating endothelial inflammation and immune-thrombosis caused by COVID-19.
BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Oscar Borsani, Paul Bastard, Jeremie Rosain, Adrian Gervais, Emanuela Sant'Antonio, Daniele Vanni, Ilaria Carola Casetti, Daniela Pietra, Chiara Trotti, Silvia Catricala, Virginia Valeria Ferretti, Luca Malcovati, Luca Arcaini, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Alessandro Borghesi, Elisa Rumi
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Salvatore Chirumbolo, Luigi Valdenassi, Marianno Franzini, Sergio Pandolfi, Giovanni Ricevuti, Umberto Tirelli
Summary: This study found that females had better outcomes than males when treated with oxygen-ozone autohemotherapy for ME/CFS, especially in the youngest age group.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Umberto Tirelli, Marianno Franzini, Luigi Valdenassi, Sergio Pandolfi, Massimiliano Berretta, Giovanni Ricevuti, Salvatore Chirumbolo
Summary: This study found that ozone treatment can significantly improve fatigue symptoms in ME/CFS patients without any side effects. Almost half of the treated patients showed improvement in fatigue scores from worst to best within 30 days, and the majority of patients experienced significant relief from fatigue.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Gabriele Savioli, Iride Francesca Ceresa, Nicole Gri, Gaia Bavestrello Piccini, Yaroslava Longhitano, Christian Zanza, Andrea Piccioni, Ciro Esposito, Giovanni Ricevuti, Maria Antonietta Bressan
Summary: Overcrowding has been identified as a major issue affecting global health and the healthcare system, especially in emergency departments. In order to address this problem, it is crucial to accurately define it and find effective solutions.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Angelica Varesi, Adelaide Carrara, Vitor Gomes Pires, Valentina Floris, Elisa Pierella, Gabriele Savioli, Sakshi Prasad, Ciro Esposito, Giovanni Ricevuti, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Alessia Pascale
Summary: This narrative review discusses the potential of proteins, lipids, metabolites, oxidative-stress-related molecules, and cytokines as biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). It also explores the emerging role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, vitamins, and gut-microbiome-related molecules as diagnostic tools, providing new insights into the diagnosis and progression of this devastating disease.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Gabriele Savioli, Iride Francesca Ceresa, Giulia Gori, Federica Fumoso, Nicole Gri, Valentina Floris, Angelica Varesi, Ermelinda Martuscelli, Sara Marchisio, Yaroslava Longhitano, Giovanni Ricevuti, Ciro Esposito, Guido Caironi, Guido Giardini, Christian Zanza
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review of high-altitude sickness, discussing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatments. It highlights the mechanisms of adaptation to high altitude and the associated risk factors for low adaptability. It also focuses on the main high-altitude diseases and the importance of early recognition and correct therapy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorenzo Lorusso, Giovanni Ricevuti
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angelica Varesi, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Lucrezia Irene Maria Campagnoli, Elisa Pierella, Gaia Bavestrello Piccini, Adelaide Carrara, Giovanni Ricevuti, Catia Scassellati, Cristian Bonvicini, Alessia Pascale
Summary: Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest caused by various stressful stimuli. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in driving senescence. Identifying and characterizing antioxidant compounds that can prevent or counteract senescence is of great interest, but a comprehensive overview is currently lacking.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angelica Varesi, Lucrezia Irene Maria Campagnoli, Foroogh Fahmideh, Elisa Pierella, Marcello Romeo, Giovanni Ricevuti, Marchesi Nicoletta, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Alessia Pascale
Summary: The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and the Central Nervous System has a significant impact on brain function and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Several studies have explored the role of dysbiosis and intestinal permeability in the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease, but the therapeutic applications of GM modifying approaches need further elucidation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Salvatore Chirumbolo, Angelica Varesi, Marianno Franzini, Luigi Valdenassi, Sergio Pandolfi, Umberto Tirelli, Ciro Esposito, Giovanni Ricevuti
Summary: Medical ozone has been shown to be a feasible alternative and adjuvant treatment for COVID-19, with the ability to reduce hospitalization time, pro-inflammatory indicators, and coagulation markers while improving blood oxygenation parameters. It also has potential in reducing chronic inflammation and immune thrombosis, two factors involved in COVID-19 severity. Studies are further exploring its role in treating post-COVID disorders.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gabriele Savioli, Iride Francesca Ceresa, Maria Antonietta Bressan, Gaia Bavestrello Piccini, Angelica Varesi, Viola Novelli, Alba Muzzi, Sara Cutti, Giovanni Ricevuti, Ciro Esposito, Antonio Voza, Antonio Desai, Yaroslava Longhitano, Angela Saviano, Andrea Piccioni, Fabio Piccolella, Abdel Bellou, Christian Zanza, Enrico Oddone
Summary: Triage systems in emergency departments play a crucial role in ensuring appropriate and timely care for patients. This study examined the effects of a 5-level triage system compared to a 4-level system on wait times and triage accuracy. The findings suggest that implementing a 5-level triage system can improve overall emergency department performance and patient care.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marianno Franzini, Luigi Valdenassi, Sergio Pandolfi, Umberto Tirelli, Giovanni Ricevuti, Salvatore Chirumbolo
Summary: Ozone has a positive effect in treating bacterial infections, especially those caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. Ozone improves the bacteria clearance ability of macrophages by activating Nrf2, and plays a complex role in modulating immunity.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lijuan Wu, Xuanhui Chen, Anna Khalemsky, Deyang Li, Taoufik Zoubeidi, Dominique Lauque, Mohammed Alsabri, Zoubir Boudi, Vijaya Arun Kumar, James Paxton, Dionyssios Tsilimingras, Lisa Kurland, David Schwartz, Said Hachimi-Idrissi, Carlos A. Camargo Jr, Shan W. Liu, Gabriele Savioli, Geroge Intas, Kapil Dev Soni, Detajin Junhasavasdikul, Jose Javier Trujillano Cabello, Niels K. Rathlev, Karim Tazarourte, Anna Slagman, Michael Christ, Adam J. Singer, Eddy Lang, Giovanni Ricevuti, Xin Li, Huiying Liang, Shamai A. Grossman, Abdelouahab Bellou
Summary: This retrospective study aims to investigate the relationship between emergency department (ED) length of stay (EDLOS) and inhospital mortality (IHM) in elderly patients. The study found a significant correlation between EDLOS and IHM, with a higher risk of IHM in patients with shorter EDLOS and longer boarding time (BT). Specific areas and teams dedicated to older patients care could be proposed to policymakers.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gabriele Savioli, Claudia Alfano, Christian Zanza, Gaia Bavestrello Piccini, Angelica Varesi, Ciro Esposito, Giovanni Ricevuti, Iride Francesca Ceresa
Summary: Dysbarism refers to the signs and symptoms that occur when the body is unable to safely adapt to changes in atmospheric pressure. It can manifest in various ways, including neurological symptoms and cardiac collapse. Treatment should be tailored to the specific clinical manifestations.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2022)