Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Donghui Zhu, Axel Montagne, Zhen Zhao
Summary: AD is a neurodegenerative disease, with studies showing gender differences in risk and progression. The higher risk and progression of AD in women are largely attributed to distinct biological mechanisms, such as deviations in brain structure and biomarkers, psychosocial stress responses, genetic background, and more.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Brian Noh, Louise D. McCullough, Jose F. Moruno-Manchon
Summary: This article reviews the clinical and preclinical evidence for sex differences in stroke and discusses the role of gonadal hormones and X-linked genes in regulating brain autophagy.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Le-Tian Huang, Jia-He Wang
Summary: Sarcopenia is characterized by excessive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, associated with overall poor muscle performance status in the elderly and chronic disease patients. Its causes are multifactorial, involving molecular mechanisms such as mitochondrial function, inflammatory pathways, and circulating hormones. Age-related changes in sex steroid hormone concentrations play a significant role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, suggesting therapeutic interventions targeting these hormones may be beneficial in combination with specific exercise and nutrition regimens.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Shahid M. Nimjee, Asad S. Akhter, Amanda Zakeri, Paco S. Herson
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a devastating health problem that affects a large number of patients in the US annually. This review focuses on the mechanisms of thrombosis in stroke and the differences in response between men and women, as well as the potential of new therapeutic approaches.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah R. Ocanas, Victor A. Ansere, Collyn M. Kellogg, Jose V. V. Isola, Ana J. Chucair-Elliott, Willard M. Freeman
Summary: Biological sex influences neurodegenerative diseases through genetic and hormonal mechanisms. Microglial reactivity and the pro-inflammatory environment of the aging brain are influenced by sex, age, and disease state. Further research is needed to understand the regulation of microglial sex effects and develop sex-informed prevention and treatment strategies for brain diseases.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
A. A. Dmytriw, J. C. Ku, V. X. D. Yang, N. Hui, K. Uchida, T. Morimoto, J. Spears, T. R. Marotta, J. D. B. Diestro
Summary: Men undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for large-vessel occlusion have better 90-day clinical outcomes compared to women, while the outcomes of recanalization, 90-day mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were comparable between men and women.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Meng-Ta Lee, Tsu-Hsin Howe, Chih-Chi Chen, Ching-Yi Wu, Yu-Wei Hsieh
Summary: This study compared and predicted grip strength in both hands between normal controls and stroke patients, revealing the combined effects of pathological, sex, and age factors on grip strength in stroke patients. In clinical rehabilitation, it is important to consider these factors along with the affected hand (right dominant or left non-dominant) when predicting grip strength in stroke patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Surgery
Yao Xiao, Andreas Schroeter, Friederike Martin, Tomohisa Matsunaga, Keita Nakamori, Maximilian J. Roesel, Marlena Habal, Anita S. Chong, Hao Zhou, Stefan G. Tullius
Summary: Biological sex has a broad impact on the immune system, affecting the incidence and severity of autoimmune diseases, infections, and malignancies. It also independently impacts the outcomes of solid organ transplantation, which are further influenced by age. The potential mechanisms may involve hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic factors.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Elizabeth J. Andrews, Alessandra C. Martini, Elizabeth Head
Summary: This study investigates the sex-specific effects on the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Down syndrome (DS) population and explores potential underlying mechanisms. It reveals that women are more susceptible to AD and suggests that the earlier onset of menopause in women with DS may contribute to this vulnerability.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Matthew I. Balcerek, Brendan J. Nolan, Adam Brownhill, Peggy Wong, Peter Locke, Jeffrey D. Zajac, Ada S. Cheung
Summary: The study found that a higher proportion of transgender individuals aged 45 and above were treated with transdermal estradiol, and those who received oral estradiol had a lower median dose in this age group. The high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in this demographic suggests a need for improved cardiovascular risk management guidelines.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Reegan A. J. Miller, Abigael P. Williams, Susan Kovats
Summary: Epidemiological studies have shown sex differences in the incidence and morbidity of respiratory virus infections, which may be related to differences in the immune response. Animal models also exhibit sex differences in immunity and morbidity, suggesting variations in specific immune mechanisms. Recent research has revealed intrinsic sex differences in immune cell transcriptomes, epigenomes, and proteomes, which may regulate human immunity during viral infections. Understanding the role of sex steroids, X chromosome complement, and immune cell regulation can help explain the significant sex differences in immunity to respiratory pathogens.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maliha Islam, Monica Strawn, Susanta K. Behura
Summary: The sex differences in brain aging are programmed at the fetal stage and epigenetically linked to the placenta.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karen R. Bottenfield, Bethany G. E. Bowley, Monica A. Pessina, Maria Medalla, Douglas L. Rosene, Tara L. Moore
Summary: The study found that female rhesus monkeys recovered to their pre-operative latency and grasp patterns significantly faster than males, suggesting the need for further research on the role of estrogen and other sex hormones in recovery outcomes in the primate brain.
BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Peik M. A. Brundin, Britt-Marie Landgren, Peter Fjallstrom, Mohamed M. M. Shamekh, Jan-Ake Gustafsson, Anders F. F. Johansson, Ivan Nalvarte
Summary: The study reveals the expression patterns of sex hormone receptors in different immune cells and the lack of significant correlation between sex hormone levels and expression of SHR or immune response genes. However, there is a positive correlation between sex hormone-binding globulin and the expression of certain genes. Additionally, immune response genes show significant differences in expression between different phases of the menstrual cycle, suggesting a potential role for sex hormones in immune response.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tapas Chakraborty, Sipra Mohapatra, Michiya Matsuyama, Yoshitaka Nagahama, Kohei Ohta
Summary: This study investigated the role of sxl in vertebrate gonadogenesis and sexuality using medaka, and identified two Sxl homologues, Sxl1a and Sxl1b. It was found that sxl1a specifically expressed in primordial germ cells (PGC) and played a role in germ cell numbers and sexual identity assignment through its association with estrogenic signaling and er beta 2. This study highlights the novel role of sxl1a in germ cell maintenance and sexual identity determination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Boris G. Wilson, Xi Wang, Xiaohua Shen, Elizabeth S. McKenna, Madeleine E. Lemieux, Yoon-Jae Cho, Edward C. Koellhoffer, Scott L. Pomeroy, Stuart H. Orkin, Charles W. M. Roberts
Correction
Oncology
Boris G. Wilson, Xi Wang, Xiaohua Shen, Elizabeth S. McKenna, Madeleine E. Lemieux, Yoon-Jae Cho, Edward C. Koellhoffer, Scott L. Pomeroy, Stuart H. Orkin, Charles W. M. Roberts
Article
Cell Biology
Elizabeth S. McKenna, Pablo Tamayo, Yoon-Jae Cho, Erik J. Tillman, E. Lorena Mora-Blanco, Courtney G. Sansam, Edward C. Koellhoffer, Scott L. Pomeroy, Charles W. M. Roberts
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Y. Tolstorukov, Courtney G. Sansam, Ping Lu, Edward C. Koellhoffer, Katherine C. Helming, Burak H. Alver, Erik J. Tillman, Julia A. Evans, Boris G. Wilson, Peter J. Park, Charles W. M. Roberts
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2013)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Young Hun Chung, Derek Church, Edward C. Koellhoffer, Elizabeth Osota, Sourabh Shukla, Edward P. Rybicki, Jonathan K. Pokorski, Nicole F. Steinmetz
Summary: This article discusses the production and application of biologics, emphasizing the importance of combining plant molecular farming with advanced materials technology, especially in addressing vaccine cold chain requirements. Through the production of viruses in plants and the use of new delivery technologies, low-cost and regional fabrication of thermostable vaccines can be achieved.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2022)
