Article
Emergency Medicine
Arnav A. Gupta, Michael Self, Matthew Mueller, Gabriel Wardi, Christopher Tainter
Summary: This article provides a review and discussion on the treatment of hyperkalemia, highlighting common misconceptions encountered in emergency care and providing practical treatment recommendations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Economics
Jordi Brandts, Isabel Busom, Cristina Lopez-Mayan, Judith Panades
Summary: Some popular views about the economy are misconceptions, as they contradict empirical evidence and theoretical explanations. Cognitive biases may explain why these misconceptions persist even when people are provided with scientific information. Two experimental studies in economics investigate the effect of presenting information in a refutational way, and find that while it moderately reduces misconceptions, it does not outperform non-refutational information.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Neal Mangaokar, Atul Prakash
Summary: This article highlights problematic trends in understanding and approaches to dealing with deepfakes, discussing five common misconceptions and providing three recommendations from a security perspective to avoid backward-facing research efforts.
IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY
(2022)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Jaime Uribarri, Man S. Oh
Summary: Two papers published in 1986 and 1988 suggested an inverse correlation between UAG and UNH4, proposing UAG as an indirect measure of UNH4. However, in reality, UAG mainly reflects intake of Na, K, and Cl in the steady state, and does not consistently relate to UNH4 excretion. Any observed correlation between UAG and UNH4 is considered fortuitous and cannot be extrapolated to other situations.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nursing
Glenda L. Smith, Celeste M. Schultz, Cynthia A. Danford
Summary: The language used to describe the role of the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) has been causing confusion in both education and practice settings. This article aims to clarify the intended role of DNP-prepared nurses and dispel misconceptions to ensure respect for the rigor and contributions of those with a DNP degree.
JNP-JOURNAL FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liqun Zhang, Santosh K. Ghosh, Shrikanth C. Basavarajappa, Yinghua Chen, Pravesh Shrestha, Jackson Penfield, Ann Brewer, Parameswaran Ramakrishnan, Matthias Buck, Aaron Weinberg
Summary: A study has found that a host defense peptide called hBD-2 can bind to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and prevent it from binding to the ACE2 receptor, offering potential for the development of new antiviral treatments.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Kerrington Powell, Vinay Prasad
Summary: Randomized controlled trials are highly valued in biomedicine for their ability to minimize confounding factors. However, there are misconceptions in oncology regarding the difficulty, time, cost, industry influence, and ethical standards of conducting these trials. Potential solutions include improving trial design, establishing regulatory and strategic frameworks, and addressing ethical concerns.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mohammad Abu Alsheikh
Summary: This article refutes common misconceptions about privacy-preserving IoT and highlights the importance of privacy protection in IoT. Real-world experiments and online survey research are used to demonstrate that data privacy should be seen as an opportunity to increase customer retention and trust in IoT. The study also emphasizes that privacy protection is not just a regulatory problem, but a functional necessity that should be incorporated in the early stages of IoT design.
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Fang-Ying Wang, Yunching Chen, Yi-You Huang, Chao-Min Cheng
Summary: Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), especially those that employ microneedles, offer a convenient and less invasive alternative for disease and viral infection treatment, prevention, detection, and surveillance. Microneedle TDDS patches enable improved skin barrier penetration for the delivery of macromolecules or hydrophilic drugs, potentially providing a viable alternative vaccine modality with numerous advantages.
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Virology
Chuan Xu, Annie Wang, Mariana Marin, William Honnen, Santhamani Ramasamy, Edith Porter, Selvakumar Subbian, Abraham Pinter, Gregory B. Melikyan, Wuyuan Lu, Theresa L. Chang
Summary: The study demonstrates that human defensins exhibit potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, particularly against pseudotyped viruses expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. Defensins play a crucial role in blocking viral entry into cells and providing protection against infection. They may serve as useful additives to the antivirus arsenal.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pavel Krystynik, Katarina Strunakova, Michal Syc, Petr Kluson
Summary: The paper provides a brief overview of the most tested methods of microplastics removal, pointing out the frequent reports on the occurrence of microplastic particles in water but less frequent complex reviews on methods of their removal.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Guohong Zhu, Dan Xu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Tianlin Wang, Lingyan Zhang, Weizhong Gu, Meiping Shen
Summary: The study found that the rates of viral infection in children vary by different ages and seasons, with the highest positivity rate of adenovirus appearing in the preschool period, respiratory syncytial virus being highest in infants, and influenza virus increasing with age. The total positive rate of viral infection in different seasons is highest in winter, with influenza positivity rate also being highest in winter.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
John C. Lam, Samuel Bourassa-Blanchette
Summary: Antimicrobials are widely used in hospitals. Thoughtful antibiotic prescribing is important for minimizing adverse effects. This article reviews 10 common misconceptions associated with antibacterial usage in hospitalized patients and shares contemporary evidence.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Aikaterini Anagnostou
Summary: This review aims to address misconceptions surrounding food allergies and discuss evidence-based approaches for patients with this diagnosis. Common misconceptions include beliefs about breastfeeding and delayed introduction of allergenic foods for prevention of food allergies, as well as inaccuracies regarding diagnosis and management of food-induced allergic reactions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
John G. G. Routsias, Dionysia Marinou, Maria Mavrouli, Athanasios Tsakris, Vassiliki Pitiriga
Summary: This study evaluated the levels of human beta-defensins in patients with inflammation and found that hBD2 levels were significantly elevated in patients with an infection. Therefore, hBD2 has the potential to serve as a diagnostic biomarker for infection and may also reflect the efficacy of antibiotic treatment.
Article
Microbiology
Sarah S. Wilson, Beth A. Bromme, Mayumi K. Holly, Mayim E. Wiens, Anshu P. Gounder, Youngmee Sul, Jason G. Smith
Article
Pathology
Audrey Seamons, Piper M. Treuting, Stacey Meeker, Charlie Hsu, Jisun Paik, Thea Brabb, Sabine S. Escobar, Jonathan S. Alexander, Aaron C. Ericsson, Jason G. Smith, Lillian Maggio-Price
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Virology
Mayumi K. Holly, Jason G. Smith
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2018)
Review
Virology
Mayumi K. Holly, Jason G. Smith
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Abhimanyu K. Singh, Thanh H. Nguyen, Marton Z. Vidovszky, Balazs Harrach, Maria Benko, Alan Kirwan, Lokesh Joshi, Michelle Kilcoyne, M. Alvaro Berbis, F. Javier Canada, Jesus Jimenez-Barbero, Margarita Menendez, Sarah S. Wilson, Beth A. Bromme, Jason G. Smith, Mark J. van Raaij
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2018)
Article
Immunology
Mayumi K. Holly, Xiao Han, Edward J. Zhao, Shauna M. Crowley, Joannie M. Allaire, Leigh A. Knodler, Bruce A. Vallance, Jason G. Smith
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2020)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
David M. Stresser, Jun Sun, Sarah S. Wilson
Summary: An evaluation of an adult intestinal stem cell-derived organoid model for testing P450 induction in the gut was conducted. The results showed that human colon and ileal organoids exhibited different responses to several prototypical inducers compared to hepatocytes, indicating the potential for further development of this model as a physiologically relevant gut induction test system.
DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Karina Diaz, Ciara T. Hu, Youngmee Sul, Beth A. Bromme, Nicolle D. Myers, Ksenia V. Skorohodova, Anshu P. Gounder, Jason G. Smith
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lori Patnaude, Martha Mayo, Regina Mario, Xiaoming Wu, Heather Knight, Kelly Creamer, Sarah Wilson, Valerie Pivorunas, Jozsef Karman, Lucy Phillips, Robert Dunstan, Rajesh Kamath, Bradford McRae, Sonia Terrillon
Summary: The study found that IL-22 promotes expansion and proliferation of intestinal epithelial stem cells, as well as production of anti-microbial peptides. Additionally, IL-22 alters the composition of the mucus layer. However, the IL-22-associated epithelial phenotype differs in the presence of butyrate and immune cells.
Article
Immunology
Roham Parsa, Mariya London, Tiago Bruno Rezende de Castro, Bernardo Reis, Julian Buissant des Amorie, Jason G. Smith, Daniel Mucida
Summary: The intestinal epithelium is the largest surface in the body that is exposed to viruses and houses a large population of intraepithelial T lymphocytes. This study found that newly recruited CD4(+) T cells accumulate in the intestine after infection with certain viruses, and they provide protection against enteric adenovirus. These findings reveal a potential protective role of intraepithelial Ly6A(+)CCR9(+)CD4(+) T cells against enteric adenovirus.
Article
Virology
Ciara T. Hu, Karina Diaz, Linda C. Yang, Anjali Sharma, Harry B. Greenberg, Jason G. Smith
Summary: This study highlights the potential role of enteric alpha-defensins in the evolution and tropism of rotaviruses, with species-specific activities observed. The VP4 protein of rotavirus is identified as a determinant of alpha-defensin sensitivity. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of defensin neutralization and emphasize the importance of studying a broader range of rotaviruses with different VP4 genotypes.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Jessica M. Porter, Mackenzi S. Oswald, Anjali Sharma, Shanan Emmanuel, Austin Kansol, Antonette Bennett, Robert McKenna, Jason G. Smith
Summary: Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are potential gene therapy vectors but are hindered by interactions with the host immune system. This study investigates the interaction between AAVs and alpha-defensins and finds that two closely related AAV serotypes, AAV1 and AAV6, exhibit different sensitivities to inhibition by alpha-defensins due to a single amino acid variation. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of immune defense against AAVs and offer possibilities for designing more efficient vectors.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ciara T. Hu, Karina Diaz, Linda C. Yang, Anjali Sharma, Harry B. Greenberg, Jason G. Smith
Summary: The study investigates the role of alpha-defensins in the replication and transmission of fecal-oral pathogens. The activity of alpha-defensins varies between species and can affect microbial evolution, tissue tropism, species tropism, and zoonotic potential. The research highlights the resistance and sensitivity of rotaviruses to host enteric alpha-defensins and identifies the viral protein VP4 as a determinant of alpha-defensin sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Virology
Ciara T. Hu, Karina Diaz, Linda C. Yang, Anjali Sharma, Harry B. Greenberg, Jason G. Smith
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
