Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Behnaz Eshaghi, Alex Schudel, Ilin Sadeghi, Ziqi Chen, Amy H. Lee, Maria Kanelli, Flora Tierney, Jooli Han, Bailey Ingalls, David M. Francis, Gary Li, Ulrich von Andrian, Robert Langer, Ana Jaklenec
Summary: Mucosal vaccines play a critical role in combating mucosal pathogens by directly neutralizing the invading pathogens. This review examines the role of material design in addressing the challenges associated with mucosal vaccine delivery and discusses different classes of materials currently being used.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kaori Sano, Disha Bhavsar, Gagandeep Singh, Daniel Floda, Komal Srivastava, Charles Gleason, Juan Manuel Carreno, Viviana Simon, Florian Krammer
Summary: This study reveals that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances the induction of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 secretory IgA antibody following mRNA vaccination, while individuals without prior exposure to the virus have a minimal mucosal antibody response.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Stephanie Longet, Alexander Hargreaves, Saoirse Healy, Rebecca Brown, Hailey R. Hornsby, Naomi Meardon, Tom Tipton, Eleanor Barnes, Susanna Dunachie, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Paul Klenerman, Alex Richter, Lance Turtle, Thushan I. de Silva, Miles W. Carroll
Summary: Two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine induce a strong systemic humoral response to SARS-CoV-2, but mucosal immune response is important for defense against airborne transmission. This study characterizes the IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in oral fluid and plasma samples from UK healthcare workers. It also investigates the impact of previous infection and additional vaccine doses on the immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria Hall, Sarah Foulkes, Ferdinando Insalata, Peter Kirwan, Ayoub Saei, Ana Atti, Edgar Wellington, Jameel Khawam, Katie Munro, Michelle Cole, Caio Tranquillini, Andrew Taylor-Kerr, Nipunadi Hettiarachchi, Davina Calbraith, Noshin Sajedi, Iain Milligan, Yrene Themistocleous, Diane Corrigan, Lisa Cromey, Lesley Price, Sally Stewart, Elen de Lacy, Chris Norman, Ezra Linley, Ashley D. Otter, Amanda Semper, Jacqueline Hewson, Silvia D'Arcangelo, Meera Chand, Colin S. Brown, Tim Brooks, Jasmin Islam, Andre Charlett, Susan Hopkins
Summary: This study investigated the duration and effectiveness of immunity among healthcare workers in the United Kingdom. It found that two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine provided high short-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but this protection significantly decreased after six months. However, infection-acquired immunity boosted by vaccination remained high, even more than one year after infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sean A. Nelson, Andrea J. Sant
Summary: Administration of yearly influenza vaccines is the most effective way to control the spread of influenza virus, but practical and immunological factors can lead to sub-optimal vaccine efficacy. The development of improved or universal influenza vaccines has been a focus within the field, with attention on the route of immunization to elicit tissue resident memory populations. The unique features of mucosal immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tracts suggest the importance of antigen localization in intranasal vaccine design for eliciting protective B and T cell immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lisa Prince, Lydie Martin-Faivre, Berengere Villeret, Daniel Sanchez-Guzman, Pierre Le Guen, Jean-Michel Sallenave, Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo
Summary: Eosinophils play a crucial role in inducing a complete vaccine response, promoting antibody secretion in the early stage of the immune response. They migrate to the lungs and secrete cytokines to activate B cells, promoting antibody production. However, the absence of eosinophils does not impair late immune responses due to a compensating mechanism involving the Th17 pathway. This study reveals a novel role for eosinophils in lung mucosal vaccination, accelerating early immune responses while regulating IgA production in the late stages.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Gisella Guerrera, Mario Picozza, Silvia D'Orso, Roberta Placido, Marta Pirronello, Alice Verdiani, Andrea Termine, Carlo Fabrizio, Flavia Giannessi, Manolo Sambucci, Maria Pia Balice, Carlo Caltagirone, Antonino Salvia, Angelo Rossini, Luca Battistini, Giovanna Borsellino
Summary: Vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine induces a sustained anti-viral T cell response for at least 6 months, demonstrating immunological competence and long-term memory against SARS-CoV-2.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chengzi Kaku, Elizabeth R. Champney, Johan Normark, Marina Garcia, Carl E. Johnson, Clas Ahlm, Wanda Christ, Mrunal Sakharkar, Margaret E. Ackerman, Jonas Klingstrom, Mattias N. E. Forsell, Laura M. Walker
Summary: Heterologous prime-boost immunization strategies have the potential to enhance the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. A study found that heterologous vaccination induced stronger neutralizing antibody and memory B cell responses, as well as better efficacy against variant strains. The study also revealed that heterologous vaccination can enhance the quality of B cell responses.
Article
Cell Biology
Veronique Barateau, Loic Peyrot, Carla Saade, Bruno Pozzetto, Karen Brengel-Pesce, Mad-Helenie Elsensohn, Omran Allatif, Nicolas Guibert, Christelle Compagnon, Natacha Mariano, Julie Chaix, Sophia Djebali, Jean-Baptiste Fassier, Bruno Lina, Katia Lefsihane, Maxime Espi, Olivier Thaunat, Jacqueline Marvel, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Andres Pizzorno, Delphine Maucort-Boulch, Laetitia Henaff, Mitra Saadatian-Elahi, Philippe Vanhems, Stephane Paul, Thierry Walzer, Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Thierry Defrance
Summary: The history of infection and vaccination modality impact the immune memory of individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. A long-term follow-up study was conducted on unvaccinated and vaccinated COVID-19 convalescent individuals, as well as infection-naive vaccinated individuals, to understand how these factors affect immune memory. The study found that convalescent vaccinated individuals had the highest concentrations of spike protein-specific antibodies and increased frequencies of a specific memory B cell subset, suggesting enhanced protection at mucosal sites.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Katja G. Schmidt, Ellen G. Harrer, Koray Tascilar, Sabrina Kuebel, Boutaina El Kenz, Fabian Hartmann, David Simon, Georg Schett, Krystelle Nganou-Makamdop, Thomas Harrer
Summary: This study investigated the immune response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in HIV-1(+) patients on antiretroviral therapy. The results showed that although the vaccine induced SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in HIV-1-infected patients, the neutralization activity and antibody levels were lower compared to HIV-1-uninfected subjects.
Article
Cell Biology
Michel P. M. Vierboom, Karin Dijkman, Claudia C. Sombroek, Sam O. Hofman, Charelle Boot, Richard A. W. Vervenne, Krista G. Haanstra, Maarten van der Sande, Liesbeth van Emst, Jorge Dominguez-Andres, Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag, Clemens H. M. Kocken, Jelle Thole, Esteban Rodriguez, Eugenia Puentes, Joost H. A. Martens, Reinout van Crevel, Mihai G. Netea, Nacho Aguilo, Carlos Martin, Frank A. W. Verreck
Summary: BCG vaccination can enhance protection against pathogens by inducing epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells, known as trained immunity. In rhesus macaques, intravenous BCG was shown to better protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and TB disease compared to standard intradermal vaccination, correlating with local adaptive immune signatures. Additionally, mucosal vaccination, either with BCG or the MTBVAC candidate, was found to enhance innate cytokine production by monocytes derived from blood and bone marrow, showing metabolic rewiring typical of trained immunity.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Lara Victoria Donhauser, Julia Veloso de Oliveira, Cordula Schick, Wenzel Manlik, Sabrina Styblova, Sarah Lutzenberger, Michael Aigner, Patrick Philipp, Sebastian Robert, Beate Gandorfer, Dirk Hempel, Louisa Hempel, Dietmar Zehn
Summary: The study analyzed the response to BioNTech/Pfizer's anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in 237 oncology outpatients and found that patients should wait at least 6 months to 12 months after systemic therapy before receiving mRNA vaccination.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naima G. Cortes-Perez, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jorge G. Gomez-Gutierrez, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Luis G. Bermudez-Humaran
Summary: Recent research has found that innate immunity also has memory capacity, referred to as "trained immunity". Stimulation of trained immunity could be a therapeutic alternative worth exploring. Probiotics are considered attractive candidates for stimulating trained immunity, but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood.
Review
Microbiology
Ana Vazquez-Pagan, Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Summary: This article highlights the high risk of severe influenza for pregnant women, newborns, and infants under six months old, emphasizing the importance of vertically transferred immunity. It summarizes novel insights from recent studies and discusses the impact of maternal antibodies on early life immunity, stressing the need for continued research using pregnant animal models and including pregnant women in evaluating novel vaccine platforms.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jianqing Xu, Zhihong Ren, Kangli Cao, Xianping Li, Jing Yang, Xuelian Luo, Lingyan Zhu, Xiangwei Wang, Longfei Ding, Junrong Liang, Dong Jin, Tingting Yuan, Lianfeng Li, Jianguo Xu
Summary: Research has shown that oral administration of the unique strain of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE (LPG) can enhance SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune responses, promoting both the effectiveness and durability of the vaccine. This approach boosts neutralizing antibodies levels and maintains stable T-cell responses in both respiratory and systemic compartments.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Jelena Vider, Andrew Croaker, Amanda J. Cox, Emma Raymond, Rebecca Rogers, Stuart Adamson, Michael Doyle, Blake O'Brien, Allan W. Cripps, Nicholas P. West
DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alex E. Mohr, Ralf Jaeger, Katie C. Carpenter, Chad M. Kerksick, Martin Purpura, Jeremy R. Townsend, Nicholas P. West, Katherine Black, Michael Gleeson, David B. Pyne, Shawn D. Wells, Shawn M. Arent, Richard B. Kreider, Bill I. Campbell, Laurent Bannock, Jonathan Scheiman, Craig J. Wissent, Marco Pane, Douglas S. Kalman, Jamie N. Pugh, Carmen P. Ortega-Santos, Jessica A. ter Haar, Paul J. Arciero, Jose Antonio
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Physiology
Brianna Larsen, Amanda Cox, Candice Colbey, Michael Drew, Helen McGuire, Barbara Fazekas de St Groth, David Hughes, Nicole Vlahovich, Gordon Waddington, Louise Burke, Bronwen Lundy, Nicholas West, Clare Minahan
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Amanda J. Cox, Allan W. Cripps, Phillipa A. Taylor, J. Helen Fitton, Nicholas P. West
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Benjamin Tang, Maryam Shojaei, Ya Wang, Marek Nalos, Anthony Mclean, Ali Afrasiabi, Tim N. Kwan, Win Sen Kuan, Yoann Zerbib, Velma Herwanto, Gunawan Gunawan, Davide Bedognetti, Gabriele Zoppoli, Alberto Ballestrero, Darawan Rinchai, Paolo Cremonesi, Michele Bedognetti, Martin Matejovic, Thomas Karvunidis, Stephen P. J. Macdonald, Amanda J. Cox, Nicholas P. West, Allan William Cripps, Klaus Schughart, Andrea de Maria, Damien Chaussabel, Jonathan Iredell, Stephen Weng
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the performance of biomarkers in predicting clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19, assisting clinicians in accurate triage and treatment.
Article
Immunology
Nicholas P. West, Lily Hughes, Rebecca Ramsey, Ping Zhang, Christopher J. Martoni, Gregory J. Leyer, Allan W. Cripps, Amanda J. Cox
Summary: This study aimed to examine the effects of probiotics on the acute response of night shift workers to sleep disruption. The results suggest that probiotics may moderate the effects of anticipatory stress on the immune system.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Timothy J. Eviston, Elahe Minaei, Simon A. Mueller, Navid Ahmadi, Bruce Ashford, Jonathan R. Clark, Nicholas West, Ping Zhang, Ruta Gupta, Marie Ranson
Summary: Perineural invasion in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is associated with aggressive clinical behaviors leading to local recurrence and treatment failure. Gene expression analysis found significant up- and down-regulation of 144 genes in HNcSCC with extensive PNI, while focal and non PNI cohorts showed indistinguishable gene expression. A tailored panel of 10 genes was able to identify extensive PNI with high sensitivity and specificity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Correction
Immunology
Nicholas P. West, Lily Hughes, Rebecca Ramsey, Ping Zhang, Christopher J. Martoni, Gregory J. Leyer, Allan W. Cripps, Amanda J. Cox
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anu Chacko, Ali Delbaz, Heidi Walkden, Souptik Basu, Charles W. Armitage, Tanja Eindorf, Logan K. Trim, Edith Miller, Nicholas P. West, James A. St John, Kenneth W. Beagley, Jenny A. K. Ekberg
Summary: Chlamydia pneumoniae can infect the central nervous system (CNS) and may contribute to late-onset dementia. This study reveals that the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, as well as the olfactory bulb and brain, serve as invasion paths for C. pneumoniae to rapidly infect the CNS. Additionally, C. pneumoniae infection leads to dysregulation of key pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease, and amyloid beta accumulations are detected in close proximity to the C. pneumoniae inclusions in the olfactory system.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Helen Mostafavi, Kothila Tharmarajah, Jelena Vider, Nicholas P. West, Joseph R. Freitas, Barbara Cameron, Paul S. Foster, Linda P. Hueston, Andrew R. Lloyd, Suresh Mahalingam, Ali Zaid
Summary: Arthritogenic alphaviruses, which are transmitted by mosquitoes, can cause persistent arthritis. This study found that interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine involved in arthropathies, is increased in musculoskeletal tissues of infected individuals. Blocking IL-17 reduced disease severity in mice and decreased inflammation and tissue damage. This highlights the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting IL-17 in arthritogenic alphaviral infections.
Article
Immunology
Annabelle M. Watts, Nicholas P. West, Peter K. Smith, Allan W. Cripps, Amanda J. Cox
Summary: Distinct gene expression profiles were observed between AR sufferers and controls in both blood and nasal mucosa samples. The study also found a close interaction between local and systemic immunity, with specific genes identified potentially serving as biomarkers for evaluating treatment effectiveness or targets for drug discovery in AR.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Annabelle M. Watts, Nicholas P. West, Peter K. Smith, Ping Zhang, Allan W. Cripps, Amanda J. Cox
Summary: The study compared the effects of different drug treatments on immune gene expression profiles, and found that the combination spray AZE/FP was significantly more effective in reducing allergic rhinitis symptoms and did not lead to extensive local immune suppression.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Amanda J. Cox, Lily Hughes, Tiffanie M. Nelson, Kyle M. Hatton-Jones, Rebecca Ramsey, Allan W. Cripps, Nicholas P. West
Summary: This study compared microbial composition between subsamples of fecal samples collected at the beginning and end of a single bowel movement. The results showed that there were no significant differences in microbial composition between the subsamples. This finding is important for study designs that use fecal subsamples for microbial composition profiling, as it suggests that these subsamples generally represent the overall gut luminal contents.
BMC RESEARCH NOTES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alex E. Mohr, Jamie Pugh, Orla O'Sullivan, Katherine Black, Jeremy R. Townsend, David B. Pyne, Floris C. Wardenaar, Nicholas P. West, Corrie M. Whisner, Lynne V. McFarland
Summary: Probiotic supplementation is recognized for improving performance and general health in athletes and physically active individuals, but current trials suffer from design flaws and inconsistent outcome measures.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Barry G. Horgan, Shona L. Halson, Eric J. Drinkwater, Nicholas P. West, Nicolin Tee, Rebekah D. Alcock, Dale W. Chapman, G. Gregory Haff
Summary: In this study, the regular application of cold water immersion or hot water immersion following resistance exercise did not attenuate (nor promote) increases in lean muscle mass in athletes. However, post-resistance exercise in the control group or cold water immersion group resulted in trivial increases in squat jump height compared to the hot water immersion group.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)