Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Amy Chang, Scott K. Sherman, James R. Howe, Vaibhav Sahai
Summary: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with varying treatment options. The treatment approach depends on factors such as tumor stage, grade and differentiation, symptoms, tumor burden, and rate of progression. Recent advancements in treatment have positively impacted patient care and prognosis.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elena Maria Vida Navas, Alberto Martinez Lorca, Aintzane Sancho Gutierrez, Lucia Sanz Gomez, Teresa Navarro Martinez, Enrique Grande Pulido, Alfredo Carrato Mena, Pablo Gajate Borau
Summary: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is effective in treating NETs with overexpressed somatostatin receptors, and salvage treatment with Lu-177-DOTATATE has shown good efficacy and low toxicity in some patients.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Aman Chauhan, Jaydira Del Rivero, Robert A. Ramirez, Heloisa P. Soares, Daneng Li
Summary: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are increasingly common, and the treatment options for advanced NETs are evolving rapidly. However, there is limited data on how different treatments should be sequenced. This review assesses clinical trial data and provides expert perspectives on treatment sequencing for various clinical scenarios. The best practices provided in this review can be helpful for clinicians considering treatment options for their patients with advanced NETs.
Article
Oncology
Alex J. Liu, Benjamin E. Ueberroth, Patrick W. McGarrah, Skye A. Buckner Petty, Ayse Tuba Kendi, Jason Starr, Timothy J. Hobday, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson, Mohamad Bassam Sonbol
Summary: This study evaluated metastatic NET G3 response to different treatment regimens, showing that CAPTEM was the most commonly used treatment with clinically meaningful efficacy and disease control. FOLFOX or PRRT are other potentially active treatment options, while EP has limited activity with short-lived responses in NET G3.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Philip E. E. Harris, Konstantin Zhernosekov
Summary: Lu-177 is a radioactive isotope developed for PRRT treatment with high specific activity and advantages in waste disposal. PRRT has shown excellent efficacy in treating neuroendocrine tumors and can demonstrate receptor expression through PET imaging. Lu-177-DOTATATE has demonstrated superior efficacy and safety in clinical trials.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Chiara Borga, Gianluca Businello, Sabina Murgioni, Francesca Bergamo, Chiara Martini, Eugenio De Carlo, Elisabetta Trevellin, Roberto Vettor, Matteo Fassan
Summary: The clinical scenario of GEP-NENs is continuously evolving due to improvements in defining their molecular landscapes and introducing innovative therapeutic approaches. Efforts are being made to integrate genetics/epigenetics and clinical information to improve tumor classification, prognostic stratification, and personalized patient management.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chiara Liverani, Chiara Spadazzi, Toni Ibrahim, Federica Pieri, Flavia Foca, Chiara Calabrese, Alessandro De Vita, Giacomo Miserocchi, Claudia Cocchi, Silvia Vanni, Giorgio Ercolani, Davide Cavaliere, Nicoletta Ranallo, Elisa Chiadini, Giovanna Prisinzano, Stefano Severi, Maddalena Sansovini, Giovanni Martinelli, Alberto Bongiovanni, Laura Mercatali
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a rare group of tumors with a wide range of clinical presentations. Lenvatinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to be effective in treating gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). The overexpression of HRAS in tumor tissue may be a potential biomarker for lenvatinib response.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Satya Das, Taymeyah Al-Toubah, Jonathan Strosberg
Summary: The role of cytotoxic chemotherapy in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors remains uncertain, with specific focus on certain tumor types, grade, and DNA repair defects affecting chemosensitivity. Chemotherapy shows greater antitumor activity in pancreatic or grade 3 tumors, while its role in lower grade extra-pancreatic NETs is undefined. Efforts to combine chemotherapy with targeted therapy and other treatments are ongoing to improve options for patients with NETs.
Review
Oncology
Valentina Ambrosini, Lucia Zanoni, Angelina Filice, Giuseppe Lamberti, Giulia Argalia, Emilia Fortunati, Davide Campana, Annibale Versari, Stefano Fanti
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare and heterogeneous tumors that require multidisciplinary discussion for optimal care. The theranostic approach plays a crucial role in the management of NENs, but further research is needed to verify its effectiveness.
Article
Surgery
Clara Zhu, Georgianna Sandilos, John Williamson, Robert Emery, Rebecca Platoff, Upasana Joneja, Nimish K. Acharya, Andrew Lin, Jeremy Badach, Brian Zilberman, Jozef Madzo, Jaroslav Jelinek, Ping Zhang, Young Ki Hong
Summary: This study reveals that the aberrant expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is associated with the malignancy of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Treatment with DNMT1 inhibitor 5-azacytidine and chemotherapy drugs can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, upregulate tumor suppressor genes, and reduce tumor volume.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Daniel Roth, Johan Gustafsson, Carl Fredrik Warfvinge, Anna Sundlov, Anna Akesson, Jan Tennvall, Katarina Sjogreen Gleisner
Summary: Tumor dosimetry of Lu-177-DOTATATE was performed to understand the variation of tumor-absorbed doses (ADs) over treatment cycles, especially for different tumor grades. The results showed that the tumor AD, absorbed-dose rate, and activity uptake decreased parallel to tumor volumes, particularly for grade 2 NETs. The effective half-times varied less but were lower for grade 2 than grade 1 NETs. These findings may have implications for future treatment and dosimetry protocols.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yu Zhong, Su Li
Summary: Bone tumors can be treated with bisphosphonates, but traditional administration may lead to adverse reactions, so novel methods are needed to improve their delivery. Positive progress has been made in targeting anti-tumors systems, but more studies are needed to verify their safety and effectiveness in the human body.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Camilla Gallo, Roberta Elisa Rossi, Federica Cavalcoli, Federico Barbaro, Ivo Boskoski, Pietro Invernizzi, Sara Massironi
Summary: r-NENs have increased in incidence due to endoscopic screening for colorectal cancer and advanced endoscopic procedures. According to ENETS guidelines, r-NENs smaller than 10 mm should be removed endoscopically, while those larger than 20 mm should undergo surgical resection. There is uncertainty regarding tumors between 10 and 20 mm. Surveillance recommendations for removed r-NENs are limited.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Toshirou Nishida, Shigetaka Yoshinaga, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Yoichi Naito
Summary: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are potentially malignant tumors that require evidence-based surgical and/or medical treatment. Laparoscopy has similar safety and prognostic outcomes to laparotomy for localized GISTs. Endoscopy and biopsy are essential for the preoperative diagnosis of GISTs.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lukas Geisler, Raphael Mohr, Joeri Lambrecht, Jana Knorr, Henning Jann, Sven H. Loosen, Burcin Ozdirik, Tom Luedde, Linda Hammerich, Frank Tacke, Alexander Wree, Teresa Hellberg, Christoph Roderburg
Summary: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare and heterogeneous, with prognosis determined by tumor grading and metastases. Despite intensive research efforts, progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been modest. miRNA, known for its role in cancer pathophysiology, shows potential as a biomarker for NET, but challenges remain for its clinical application.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
