Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karina-Alexandra Cojocaru, Ionut Luchian, Ancuta Goriuc, Lucian-Mihai Antoci, Cristian-Gabriel Ciobanu, Roxana Popescu, Cristiana-Elena Vlad, Mihaela Blaj, Liliana Georgeta Foia
Summary: Mitochondria play crucial roles in cellular functions, including calcium regulation, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production. They are involved in important biochemical pathways and are responsible for the majority of cellular ATP production. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, aging, and cancer. This article discusses the pathophysiological changes and mitochondrial involvement in metabolic disorders, highlighting genetic changes at the mtDNA level and summarizing progress in therapeutic strategies.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sangmo Hong, Jung Hwan Park, Kyungdo Han, Chang Beom Lee, Dong Sun Kim, Sung Hoon Yu
Summary: Elderly patients with T2DM and obesity have better clinical outcomes compared to normal-weight patients. Waist circumference (WC) is a suitable indicator for assessing obesity-related risks in these patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Strong P. Marbaniang, Holendro Singh Chungkham, Hemkhothang Lhungdim
Summary: This study used data from the Indian Demographic Health Survey to examine the risk factors, spatial distribution, and impact of diabetes and hypertension among adults aged 15-49 years in Northeast India. The study found higher prevalence rates among males, urban residents, and those who were widowed/divorced/separated. The study also revealed a non-linear relationship between household wealth status and diabetes, with an inverse relationship observed for hypertension.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ramachandran Chelliah, Shuai Wei, Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri, Fazle Elahi, Su-Jung Yeon, Akanksha Tyagi, Shucheng Liu, Inamul Hasan Madar, Ghazala Sultan, Deog-Hwan Oh
Summary: Bioactive peptides found in soy products and eggs provide essential protective functions, delaying aging by killing senescent cells. Food-derived bioactive peptides and protein fragments can improve human health and prevent metabolic diseases. Research focuses on the mechanisms by which bioactive peptides target metabolic syndromes (such as obesity and type 2 diabetes), offering new insights into controlling these conditions.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chrysoula Boutari, Antea DeMarsilis, Christos S. Mantzoros
Summary: Obesity, often accompanied by type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is a global epidemic with shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Both conditions involve inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hyperinsulinemia. Managing obesity-related complications through lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery can improve these conditions as well as related diseases like cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This review provides an overview of the literature on the association between obesity and T2DM, discussing the shared mechanisms and management approaches.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Minjee Kim, Thanh-Huyen Vu, Matthew B. Maas, Rosemary Braun, Michael S. Wolf, Till Roenneberg, Martha L. Daviglus, Kathryn J. Reid, Phyllis C. Zee
Summary: Light at night (LAN) is associated with a higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, but not with hypercholesterolemia, in older adults in the United States. This association is independent of age, sex, race, season of recording, and sleep variables.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Arnaud D. Kaze, Sebhat Erqou, Prasanna Santhanam, Alain G. Bertoni, Rexford S. Ahima, Gregg C. Fonarow, Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui
Summary: This study found that greater variability in adiposity indices in individuals with type 2 diabetes was associated with a higher risk of incident heart failure, independently of traditional risk factors and baseline adiposity levels.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mostafa Salama, Babu Balagopal, Ilene Fennoy, Seema Kumar
Summary: This mini-review provides a brief summary of the pathophysiology of childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It also reviews recent data on lifestyle interventions, medications, and metabolic surgery for obesity, T2DM, and CVD risk factors. Childhood obesity is influenced by genetic, physiological, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. There is a need for a comprehensive approach to detecting, monitoring, and managing childhood obesity and its metabolic consequences.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Salime Lavian, Pegah Mardaneh, Mohammad Bagherniya, Seyed Ahmad Emami, Alexandra E. Butler, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: Obesity, a consequence of modern lifestyle, can lead to other disorders and negatively affect quality of life. Prevention and treatment of obesity and related comorbidities are crucial. Although lifestyle modification is important, it presents challenges, so the development of new strategies and therapies is critical.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie M. Kereliuk, Vernon W. Dolinsky
Summary: Globally, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death, and the increasing cardiovascular risk factors among youth, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, contribute to the development of earlier and more severe cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence suggests that maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy have lifelong effects on cardiovascular risk factors and heart disease development in the offspring, although the mechanisms for these observations are unclear.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Karina W. Davidson, Michael J. Barry, Carol M. Mangione, Michael Cabana, Aaron B. Caughey, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Chyke A. Doubeni, Martha Kubik, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, Michael Silverstein, James Stevermer, Chien-Wen Tseng, John B. Wong
Summary: Gestational diabetes is a common condition during pregnancy in the US, with significant risks for both mothers and infants. The USPSTF recommends screening for gestational diabetes at 24 weeks of gestation or after to improve outcomes for both mother and fetus, but finds insufficient evidence to recommend screening before 24 weeks.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maddalena Ardissino, Francesca Watson, Ravi Amin, Peter Collins, Osama Moussa, Sanjay Purkayastha
Summary: This study demonstrates that bariatric surgery can improve atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zsu-Zsu Chen, Yan Gao, Michelle J. Keyes, Shuliang Deng, Michael Mi, Laurie A. Farrell, Dongxiao Shen, Usman A. Tahir, Daniel E. Cruz, Debby Ngo, Mark D. Benson, Jeremy M. Robbins, Adolfo Correa, James G. Wilson, Robert E. Gerszten
Summary: Proteomics was used to study type 2 diabetes, with a focus on African American participants. A total of 325 proteins were found to be associated with incident diabetes in this population, suggesting novel biological processes related to disease development. Subsequent replication in White cohorts supported the generalizability of the findings. These diabetes-associated proteins also improved risk prediction. Overall, this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the diabetes-associated proteome in a diverse population.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Farida Meghatria, Omar Belhamiti
Summary: The study reveals the significant impact of a healthy lifestyle on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and developing type 2 diabetes, while managing risk factors of obesity complications can greatly decrease the risk of other complications.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ziyi Zhou, John Macpherson, Stuart R. Gray, Jason M. R. Gill, Paul Welsh, Carlos Celis-Morales, Naveed Sattar, Jill P. Pell, Frederick K. Ho
Summary: The study found that individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) had higher rates of heart failure and respiratory diseases, but not necessarily atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Compared to metabolically healthy individuals without obesity, those with MHO had higher risks of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, respiratory diseases, and all-cause mortality.