Article
Environmental Sciences
Flavia Cavalcanti Miranda, Ludovic Cassan, Pascale Laurens, Tien Dung Tran
Summary: This study experimentally and numerically investigated a rock-ramp fish passage with square obstacles, revealing that the square blocks have better passability but also result in higher water depth. The shape of the obstacles is an important modifiable parameter to be considered in the design process.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Serhat Kucukali, Bulent Verep, Ismail Albayrak
Summary: The present study investigated the hydrodynamic characteristics of a diagonal brush upstream fishway in a hydropower plant in Turkey. Real-time velocity measurements were conducted using a Micro acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The diagonal arrangement of brush blocks created favorable hydrodynamic conditions for fish, allowing them to minimize energy consumption. The study revealed the importance of low-velocity zones behind the brush blocks as resting sites for fish and the effects of inlet water levels on turbulence quantities.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Arnaud Le Boyer, Nicole Couto, Matthew H. Alford, Henri F. Drake, Cynthia E. Bluteau, Kenneth G. Hughes, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Aurelie J. Moulin, Thomas Peacock, Elizabeth C. Fine, Ali Mashayek, Laura Cimoli, Michael P. Meredith, Angelique Melet, Ilker Fer, Marcus Dengler, Craig L. Stevens
Summary: This article argues for the inclusion of ocean turbulent fluxes as Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) in the Global Ocean Observing System. It explains the importance of measuring these fluxes in order to understand material exchange and close tracer concentration budgets. The article also discusses the advancements in turbulence observations and the need for routine measurements.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yuan Li, Reza Sadr
Summary: Summer Shamal, a strong northwesterly wind in the Middle East region, has a broad impact on regional transport and human safety. This study explores the near-surface turbulence characteristics under summer Shamal and compares them with non-Shamal conditions in Qatar coastal region. The results show that Shamal prevents the development of summer sea breezes in the Persian Gulf.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Kannan Sundaravadivelu, Rafik Absi
Summary: This study presents an improved method for solving the turbulent kinetic energy equation in the near wall region of turbulent flows, with comparisons showing good agreement with experimental data. Results also indicate that beyond a certain Re-tau value, turbulent kinetic energy profiles collapse, remaining independent of the Reynolds number.
Article
Thermodynamics
Muyang Wang, Takuya Yurikusa, Yasuhiko Sakai, Koji Iwano, Yasumasa Ito, Yi Zhou, Yuji Hattori
Summary: Direct numerical simulations were conducted to study the interscale transfer of turbulent energy in grid-generated turbulence with low Reynolds numbers. The results showed that the turbulent dissipation constant varied for different Reynolds numbers. Scale-by-scale analysis indicated a balance between the nonlinear transfer term and the dissipation term, while the contribution of the advection term varied in the downstream region. Further analysis of one-point statistics revealed a decrease in coherence among the advection term, dissipation term, and diffusion term at small scales in certain conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
H. Faller, D. Geneste, T. Chaabo, A. Cheminet, V. Valori, Y. Ostovan, L. Cappanera, Ch. Cuvier, F. Daviaud, J. -M. Foucaut, J. -L. Guermond, J. -Ph. Laval, C. Nore, V. Padilla, C. Wiertel, B. Dubrulle
Summary: Through numerical and experimental data, the study finds that the structure functions of small scale turbulence exhibit a generalized extended scaling and have consistent multi-fractal spectra, supporting a local refined hypothesis. Both areas of strong vorticity and strong local energy transfer show high intermittency and correlation. In the shear layer, there is a stronger correlation between vorticity and local energy transfer, possibly indicating a self-similar quasi-singular structure dominating the scaling properties of large order structure functions.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
John D. Gibbon
Summary: The rich multifractal properties of fluid turbulence are related to Leray's weak solutions of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, as shown by Parisi and Frisch. They found that the set on which energy dissipates, Fm, has dimensions Dm = 3/m (1 < m < oo), and a corresponding range of sub-Kolmogorov dissipation inverse length scales L eta m-1 < Re3/(1+Dm) spanning Re3/4 to Re3. Additionally, the multifractal model scaling parameter h must satisfy h > hmin with -23 < hmin < 13.
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jessica C. S. Souza, Eric C. Bruning
Summary: The study found that the updraft speed is correlated to the total lightning flashes a storm produces, with radar-estimated eddy dissipation rate overlapped with Lightning Mapping Array data used to evaluate this relationship. Most lightning flashes have higher turbulence intensities near the initiation regions and decrease as distance from initiation point increases. Small and medium flashes initiated at lower altitudes in areas of smaller EDR values, while small flashes initiated in the upper portion of the cloud in high EDR values due to small-scale variability.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
S. Servidio, F. Coscarella, N. Penna, R. Gaudio
Summary: This study presents a local analysis of turbulence in open-channel flows using time-series velocity measurements. The method estimates the local energy flux and reveals that turbulence dissipation is highly intermittent.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jeonghoe Kim, Jung-Hoon Kim, Robert D. Sharman
Summary: The study investigated the characteristics of low-level turbulence at the Boseong Meteorological Observatory in South Korea, focusing on eddy dissipation rate (EDR) analysis. Results showed variation in EDR values based on different heights and seasons. The distribution of EDR was found to be consistent across different atmospheric stability conditions, with minor deviations at lower levels.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. Roy, R. Bandyopadhyay, Y. Yang, T. N. Parashar, W. H. Matthaeus, S. Adhikari, V. Roytershteyn, A. Chasapis, Hui Li, D. J. Gershman, B. L. Giles, J. L. Burch
Summary: Despite decades of study, a complete understanding of energy transfer in turbulent plasmas remains elusive. This study demonstrates the connection between fluid-scale energy transfer and kinetic-scale dissipation using simulations and observations, and proposes a phenomenology based on proton cyclotron time and plasma beta.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sana Ahani, Babak Khorsandi
Summary: This study investigated the turbulence and mixing generated by schools of three fish species and found that fish abundance, body size, light, and water temperature can influence turbulence parameters. The dissipation rate and eddy diffusivity were found to increase with the Reynolds numbers of aquatic species.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Vikas Kumar Das, Koustuv Debnath, Bellie Sivakumar
Summary: Adequate understanding of the flow structures in the proximity of an eroding riverbank is important. This study investigates the coherent structures of turbulent flow over eroded bank topography in the Hooghly River and examines the influence of different bank material compositions on flow modulation. The study characterizes turbulence characteristics and determines length scales within the undercut region, showing that the characteristics are significantly influenced by the different undercut morphologies.
STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
E. Inanc, A. M. Kempf, N. Chakraborty
Summary: This study investigates a bluff-body stabilized turbulent jet flame burning in a stratified mode of combustion for fuel-lean methane/air mixtures using flame-resolved simulation. The statistical analysis of diffusion terms within the flame reveals the significance of preferential diffusion near the inlet and the differences in combustion behavior between upstream and downstream locations. Additionally, the study analyzes the scalar gradient and displacement speed of the stratified flame, showing differences between flames under weak or strong mixture fraction gradients, influenced by molecular diffusion and reaction rate components as well as curvature effects and cross-dissipation component.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mahmud R. Amin, Nallamuthu Rajaratnam, David Z. Zhu
Summary: This paper presents an analytical study of the flow and energy loss immediately downstream of rectangular sharp-crested weirs for free and submerged flows. Based on the theory of plane turbulent jets and analysis of relevant studies, the flow regimes downstream are classified into impinging jet and surface flow regimes. A relative energy loss equation is developed for each flow regime, showing that the submerged flow regime has minimal energy loss.
JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qiang Liu, Wenli Wang, Zhengfa Dai, Vitalii Boiko, Haohong Chen, Xin Liu, Danyang Zhu, Jian Xu, Dariusz Hreniak, Jiang Li
Summary: In this study, Ce3+-doped transparent ceramics were successfully prepared and the effects of Ce3+ concentration and annealing atmospheres on their performance were investigated.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Yalei Zhao, Lingjian Zhang, Qingqing Hu, Danhua Zhu, Zhongyang Xie
Summary: In this study, the role of C17orf53 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was analyzed using public datasets. The findings suggest that C17orf53 is highly expressed and predicts poor survival in HCC patients. It also correlates positively with the abundance of B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Functional analysis revealed that C17orf53 is involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, and Fanconi anemia pathways. Knockdown of C17orf53 inhibited cell proliferation and decreased the expression of MCM8, cyclin D1, and PCNA. Overall, C17orf53 is a novel prognostic signature for HCC.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Junqing Wu, Wenru Sun, Chao Sun, Chunmiao Xu, Shuang Li, Pengxue Li, Huimin Xu, Danyang Zhu, Meng Li, Liling Yang, Jinbo Wei, Aya Hanzawa, Sumaiya Jannat Tapati, Reiko Uenoyama, Masao Miyazaki, Abidur Rahman, Shuang Wu
Summary: Fruit malformation is a widespread issue in fruit production, causing significant economic losses. Although farmers have long observed the association between chilling temperature before blooming and malformed fruits, the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we investigated how tomato fruit development responded to cold stress and found that short-term cold stress led to increased callose accumulation in both shoot apical and floral meristems. This caused symplastic isolation and altered intercellular movement of WUS, resulting in expanded stem cell population and malformed fruits. Our findings suggest that the callose dynamics during short-term cold stress involve the interplay of abscisic acid and gibberellin, similar to bud dormancy mechanisms. This study provides new insights into the regulation of fruit malformation under cold stress.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Junlin Wu, Jiyang Ding, Xinyou Huang, Zhengfa Dai, Xiaoying Li, Danyang Zhu, Dong Huang, TengFei Xie, Jianrong Zhou, Xingfen Jiang, Zhijia Sun, Dariusz Hreniak, Jiang Li
Summary: Gd2O2S:Tb nanopowders were synthesized by hot water-bath method using Gd2O3 and H2SO4 as raw materials. The properties of precursors and powders were influenced by the initial bathing temperature. The size and thickness of flakes in the precursors and powders increased with the increase of initial temperature. Gd2O2S:Tb scintillation ceramics were fabricated using the obtained powders and showed different properties based on the initial temperature of synthesis.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Danni Zhu, Yancheng Cui, Jin Meng, Yuzhang Yuan, Haitao Wang, Jiangfeng Han
Summary: Magnetically insulated coaxial diodes are commonly used in high power microwave devices for generating intense annular electron beams. This study conducted electrical and optical measurements on a long-pulse magnetically insulated coaxial diode to observe the emission characteristics and plasma properties. The impact of cathode material, blade angle, diode voltage, and guiding magnetic field on the emission characteristics and plasma properties of six types of annular cathodes was investigated. The metal-dielectric cathode showed excellent emission characteristics and plasma properties, achieving impressive diode performance. Additionally, high voltage and small blade angle were found to enhance the emission capability and uniformity, while a strong magnetic field or large diode voltage reduced the axial and radial expansion velocities.
Article
Toxicology
Zhanxun Wu, Wenping Yan, Ke Wang, Genghua Xu, Danyan Zhu, Xuyun Li, Huafeng Wang, Min Yang, Xiangnan Zhang, Jiaying Wu
Summary: Bortezomib (BTZ) is an effective drug for multiple myeloma treatment, but it often leads to BTZ-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN). In this study, it was found that BTZ caused demyelination in sciatic nerves, leading to mechanical hyperalgesia and impaired nerve conduction. The mechanism was identified as the dysfunction of lysosomes and autophagy blockage in Schwann cells. However, the use of the lysosomal activator Torin1 reversed the autophagy blockage and improved the BIPN pathology.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xingnan Ouyang, Danyang Zhu, Yujie Huang, Xuejian Zhao, Rui Xu, Jiaying Wang, Wenjun Li, Xu Shen
Summary: This study found that MAOB was highly overexpressed in the spinal cord and DRG tissues of PIPN mice, rather than MAOA, and Khellin as a selective MAOB inhibitor could improve PIPN-like pathology. Moreover, Khellin promoted neurite outgrowth, alleviated apoptosis, and improved mitochondrial dysfunction of DRG neurons by targeting MAOB, while inhibiting spinal astrocytes activation and suppressing neuroinflammation through the MAOB/NF-kappa B/NLRP3/ASC/Caspase1/IL-1 beta pathway. These findings provide potential therapeutic approaches for treating the side effects of PTX-induced neuropathy using selective MAOB inhibitors.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rui Liu, Ying Xu, Liang Song, Shiyu Liu, Zixuan Liang, Danyang Zhu, Xiaohu Dai
Summary: This study investigated the influence of binding strength (BS) of extracellular organic substances (EOS) on organic matter (OM) recovery from sewage sludge. The results revealed the effects of multivalent metals, floc structures, and rheological properties on the release of EOS. The power-law distribution of BS was found to determine the state of organic molecules, stability of floc structures, and rheological properties. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three levels of BS in EOS, indicating three stages of OM release or recovery from sludge. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing methods for OM release and recovery from sludge.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dan Zhu, Khai-Ming Wong, Guo-Quan Wong
Summary: We further investigate the properties of axially symmetric monopole-antimonopole pair in the standard Weinberg-Salam model. Using a novel data sampling approach, we obtained and analyzed 300 numerical solutions corresponding to specific values of Higgs self-coupling and Weinberg angle. The calculated energy of these solutions falls within the range of 13.1690-21.0221 TeV, and a unique oscillation pattern is observed when the data is arranged based on the system's symmetry.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Zhenghao Zhao, Busen Wang, Shipo Wu, Zhe Zhang, Yi Chen, Jinlong Zhang, Yudong Wang, Danni Zhu, Yao Li, Jinghan Xu, Lihua Hou, Wei Chen
Summary: Designing a modified virus that can be controlled to replicate facilitates the study of viral pathogenic mechanisms and virus-host interactions. A universal switch element has been developed to precisely control virus replication using a small molecule. The insertion of inteins into the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) allows for regulated replication of the virus, which can be restored by intein splicing induced by 4-hydroxytamoxifen. This tool provides a simple and highly adaptable method for regulating virus replication.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Danhua Zhu, Xiaoxi Ouyang, Yanhong Zhang, Xiaopeng Yu, Kunkai Su, Lanjuan Li
Summary: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides. Dysregulation of lncRNAs is involved in various diseases, and is closely associated with patient clinical features. EGFR-AS1, a lncRNA, is aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers and is associated with multiple clinical characteristics. It regulates various cellular activities, making it a promising marker for cancer management.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Ian Cooney, Deirdre C. Mack, Aaron J. Ferrell, Michael G. Stewart, Shuxin Wang, Helen M. Donelick, Daniela Tamayo-Jaramillo, Dakota L. Greer, Danyang Zhu, Wenyan Li, Peter S. Shen
Summary: Single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) is an effective method for determining high-resolution structures of macromolecular complexes. This study presents a protocol using budding yeast to isolate tagged proteins and their associated complexes within three hours, prioritizing speed to recover intact, low-abundant complexes for cryo-EM specimen preparation. The protocol is applicable to soluble yeast proteins that tolerate C-terminal epitope tags.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Zhizhou Ren, Yiwei Yang, Rong Liu, Bangjiao Ye, Zhongwei Wen, Jie Wen, Hairui Guo, Yonghao Chen, Han Yi, Weili Sun, Jie Yan, Zijie Han, Xingyan Liu, Qiping Chen, Tao Ye, Jiangbo Bai, Qi An, Huaiyong Bai, Jie Bao, Ping Cao, Pinjing Cheng, Zengqi Cui, Ruirui Fan, Changqing Feng, Minhao Gu, Fengqin Guo, Changcai Han, Guozhu He, Yongcheng He, Yuefeng He, Hanxiong Huang, Weiling Huang, Xiru Huang, Xiaolu Ji, Xuyang Ji, Haoyu Jiang, Wei Jiang, Hantao Jing, Ling Kang, Mingtao Kang, Bo Li, Lun Li, Qiang Li, Xiao Li, Yang Li, Shubin Liu, Guangyuan Luan, Yinglin Ma, Changjun Ning, Binbin Qi, Jie Ren, Xichao Ruan, Zhaohui Song, Hong Sun, Xiaoyang Sun, Zhijia Sun, Zhixin Tan, Hongqing Tang, Jingyu Tang, Pengcheng Wang, Qi Wang, Taofeng Wang, Yanfeng Wang, Zhaohui Wang, Zheng Wang, Qingbiao Wu, Xiaoguang Wu, Xuan Wu, Likun Xie, Li Yu, Tao Yu, Yongji Yu, Guohui Zhang, Jing Zhang, Linhao Zhang, Liying Zhang, Qingmin Zhang, Qiwei Zhang, Xianpeng Zhang, Yuliang Zhang, Zhiyong Zhang, Yingtan Zhao, Liang Zhou, Zuying Zhou, Danyang Zhu, Kejun Zhu, Peng Zhu
Summary: The neutron-induced uranium fission reactions have significant implications in advanced nuclear energy research and nuclear science. Using the time-of-flight method, the fission cross sections of U-236 and U-238 relative to U-235 were measured, providing valuable experimental data for further research and nuclear data evaluations.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yu Zhang, Hua Cai, Ming-Hao Wu, Dan-Hua Zhu, Xiang-Yang Wang, Zhi-Yuan Chen, Li Yang, Peng Liu, Zhan Liu
Summary: The study found that miR-3682-3p is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and promotes tumor cell migration and stemness by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES
(2022)
