Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Elliott J. Wright, Pearse McCarron
Summary: A freeze-dried mussel tissue-certified reference material containing a complex profile of marine algal toxins was analyzed using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Over one hundred toxin analogues were identified, including previously unreported compounds, through a series of targeted and untargeted MS/MS experiments.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Loredana Annunziata, Rosaria Aloia, Giampiero Scortichini, Pierina Visciano
Summary: In this study, 334 samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels harvested from the Central Adriatic Sea between 2020 and 2021 were analyzed for the presence of lipophilic marine biotoxins using the European Harmonized Standard Operating Procedure. The results showed that 22% of the samples tested positive for okadaic acid, while 25% tested positive for yessotoxin groups. Only 3.3% of the samples exceeded the maximum limits established by Regulation (EC) 853/2004. The method used in this study effectively detected and quantified the concentrations of lipophilic marine biotoxins, ensuring the safety of mollusc consumption.
JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
M. Carmen Louzao, Paula Abal, Celia Costas, Toshiyuki Suzuki, Ryuichi Watanabe, Natalia Vilarino, Ana M. Botana, Mercedes R. Vieytes, Luis M. Botana
Summary: Okadaic acid and its structural analogs DTX1 and DTX2 are marine lipophilic phycotoxins that can cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning. Studies found a dose-dependency in gastrointestinal absorption of these toxins and a different toxicokinetic pathway between them. The highest toxin concentration was detected in the stomach 24 hours post-administration, providing information for human safety assessment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Monica Campas, Maria Rambla-Alegre, Charlotta Wiren, Carles Alcaraz, Maria Rey, Anna Safont, Jorge Diogene, Mabel Torrens, Alex Fragoso
Summary: Cyclodextrins have been proven to be effective passive sampling materials for monitoring the types and temporal dynamics of toxins in the environment, providing information on the toxin profile of a P. lima strain and the spatial and temporal dynamics of a D. sacculus bloom.
Article
Water Resources
Tanja Bogdanovic, Federica Di Giacinto, Miriam Berti, Pierina Visciano, Sandra Petricevic, Mario Rogosic, Zoran Rogic, Giuseppina Mascilongo, Ludovica Di Renzo, Nicola Ferri, Maria Schirone, Eddy Listes
Summary: This study reported a 4-year surveillance plan for detecting lipophilic marine biotoxins in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Callista chione along the Central Adriatic coasts of Croatia. The results showed that the toxins, including okadaic acid group and yessotoxins, were found at concentrations below the maximum limits set by regulations. The highest toxin levels were observed in the summer months, with interannual variability possibly influenced by environmental conditions impacting harmful algal bloom density. This comprehensive data could contribute to future research in developing advanced prediction models along the Eastern Adriatic coast.
EXPOSURE AND HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alistair L. Wilkins, Thomas Rundberget, Morten Sandvik, Frode Rise, Brent K. Knudsen, Jane Kilcoyne, Beatriz Reguera, Pilar Rial, Elliott J. Wright, Sabrina D. Giddings, Michael J. Boundy, Cheryl Rafuse, Christopher O. Miles
Summary: Two high-mass polar compounds, identified as 24-O-beta-D-glucosides of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-2, were isolated from Dinophysis blooms and contaminated shellfish. The study also identified other similar compounds in a range of extracts from different locations, providing insights into the toxicology, metabolism, and biosynthesis of marine biotoxins in the okadaic acid group.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Haoyu Zhang, Haiyan Wu, Guanchao Zheng, Yun Zhong, Zhijun Tan
Summary: Prorocentrum lima is a widely distributed toxigenic benthic dinoflagellate that produces shellfish toxins, posing a threat to the shellfish industry and seafood safety. This study developed a high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) strategy to accurately assess toxin levels and evaluated toxin profile variation during the growth of different P. lima strains. The proposed approach provides a technical basis for measuring the risks associated with DSTs production.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Michelle D. Onofrio, Todd A. Egerton, Kimberly S. Reece, Sarah K. D. Pease, Marta P. Sanderson, William Jones, Evan Yeargan, Amanda Roach, Caroline DeMent, Adam Wood, William G. Reay, Allen R. Place, Juliette L. Smith
Summary: This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of phycotoxins in the Chesapeake Bay and Virginia's coastal bays using SPATT, revealing the presence of toxins throughout the region with seasonal and spatial variations. The novel detection of AZAs before a causative species has been identified suggests the potential of SPATT as an exploratory tool for emerging threats, while the absence of karlotoxin in SPATT extracts but detection of Karlodinium veneficum by microscopy highlights the complementary role of this tool to traditional HAB management and monitoring methods.
Article
Biology
Diego Figueroa, Javiera Rios, Oscar F. Araneda, Hector R. Contreras, Miguel L. Concha, Carlos Garcia
Summary: This study aimed to determine the acute toxicity of OA and DTX-1 on oxidative stress parameters in medaka larvae. The results showed that OA and DTX-1 significantly affected the levels of MDA and carbonyl content. DTX-1 exhibited a greater inhibition of the antioxidant system, leading to increased oxidative damage in medaka larvae.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Satoshi Nagai, Leila Basti, Hajime Uchida, Takanori Kuribayashi, Masafumi Natsuike, Sirje Sildever, Natsuko Nakayama, Wai Mun Lum, Ryuji Matsushima
Summary: This study successfully cultivated Dinophysis norvegica from Japanese coastal waters and examined its toxin content and production for the first time. The strains were maintained at a high abundance for over 20 months by feeding them with specific organisms. Results showed variations in toxin production among different strains of D. norvegica.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Camila Q. V. Costa, Ines I. Afonso, Sandra Lage, Pedro Reis Costa, Adelino V. M. Canario, Jose P. Da Silva
Summary: The analysis of marine lipophilic toxins in shellfish products is still a challenging task, and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is the preferred technique for accurate quantitative measurements. The evaluation and correction of matrix effects (ME) are crucial, with the extent of ME in mussel samples depending on the sample matrix and preparation.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Teresa D'Amore, Sonia Lo Magro, Valeria Vita, Aurelia Di Taranto
Summary: In this study, a modified UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the identification and quantification of EU-regulated lipophilic marine toxins. The method optimization and validation confirmed its satisfactory performance in terms of precision, trueness, and sensitivity. The analysis of shellfish samples provided valuable information on the contamination of lipophilic marine toxins.
Review
Microbiology
Aikaterini Zgouridou, Eirini Tripidaki, Ioannis A. Giantsis, John A. Theodorou, Maria Kalaitzidou, Dionysios E. Raitsos, Athanasios Lattos, Apostolia-Maria Mavropoulou, Sarantis Sofianos, Dimitrios Karagiannis, Ilias Chaligiannis, Andreas Anestis, Nikos Papadakis, Konstantinos Feidantsis, Dionysia Mintza, Alexandra Staikou, Basile Michaelidis
Summary: Global warming accelerates the growth and spread of pathogenic microorganisms and toxic microalgae in marine ecosystems, directly impacting the health of marine organisms and bivalve molluscs. Many cases of poisoning from bivalve consumption worldwide can be traced back to the Mediterranean regions, highlighting the link between oceanic warming and food contamination. With climate change, Greek waters, particularly the Thermaikos Gulf, are observed to have high-risk pathogenic parasites and microalgae during summer months.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Supono Supono, Maria Mugica, Stefan Spreitzenbarth, Andrew Jeffs
Summary: This study investigated the potential use of two concentrated microalgal diets as a replacement for live microalgae in bivalve nursery culture. The results showed that these diets can be used up to 50% substitution without compromising the survival and nutritional profile of juvenile green-lipped mussels.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fengling Li, Yongxing Yu, Mengmeng Guo, Yao Lin, Yanhua Jiang, Meng Qu, Xiaojie Sun, Zhaoxin Li, Yuxiu Zhai, Zhijun Tan
Summary: The study demonstrates that PFOA exposure can disrupt detoxification function in Mytilus edulis, affecting various metabolic processes including lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Molecular and enzyme assays showed that detoxification disruption persisted even after a depuration period following exposure. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis identified key pathways, such as JNK, p38-dependent MAPK, and PPAR? pathways, that were significantly impacted by PFOA exposure.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohammadhossein Movassaghghazani, Nazanin Shabansalmani
Summary: The study revealed high levels of AFM1 in both breast milk and powdered milk samples in Tehran, with some samples exceeding the established limits. Therefore, monitoring and regulating toxin levels in these products is crucial for maternal and infant health.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Defeng Wen, Wantong Han, Quan Chen, Guanhui Qi, Mengling Gao, Pu Guo, Yu Liu, Zhongyuan Wu, Shulin Fu, Qirong Lu, Yinsheng Qiu
Summary: Luteolin can inhibit FB1-induced intestinal inflammatory injury by inhibiting the activation of NF-kappa B and ERK signaling pathways, according to network pharmacology and in vitro experiments.