Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Auxiliare Kuretu, Charles Arineitwe, Mamosheledi Mothibe, Phikelelani Ngubane, Andile Khathi, Ntethelelo Sibiya
Summary: Mitochondrial impairment is associated with the development of insulin resistance. Improving mitochondrial function may provide a therapeutic tool for improving insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to understand the correlation between drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity and insulin resistance.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hanna Fuchs, Arleta Malecka, Adrianna Budzinska, Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz, Liliana Ciszewska, Aleksandra M. Staszak, Joanna Kijowska-Oberc, Ewelina Ratajczak
Summary: We present a novel method to measure the oxygen consumption rate in isolated mitochondria of plant seeds. The optimized protocol allows for gradual decrease in respiratory function and provides information on the activity and condition of plant mitochondria.
Article
Biology
Margherita Protasoni, Jan-Willem Taanman
Summary: Mitochondrial defects are often the cause of neurological diseases. However, when skin cells are fed with glucose, they rely less on mitochondria to generate energy, making it difficult to study these diseases. In this study, researchers investigated the use of galactose and fructose as alternative sugars to feed skin cells, and found that they can stimulate mitochondria to generate energy. They recommend using fructose as the preferred sugar for studying mitochondrial defects in skin cells.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yunfu Shen, Kaiqiang Guo, Aijun Ma, Zhe Huang, Jingjing Du, Junhe Chen, Qianyu Lin, Chengming Wei, Zi Wang, Fuming Zhang, Juan Zhang, Wanjun Lin, Na Feng, Wenzhe Ma
Summary: In this study, a dual in vitro mitochondrial toxicity approach was established to systematically evaluate the mitochondrial toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine injections. Potential toxic ingredients in the injections were identified through molecular docking analysis and experimental validation.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xinlian Zhang, Xi Chen, Yuhan Yao, Xiaona Shang, Huijun Lu, Wang Zhao, Sixiu Liu, Jianmin Chen, Guodong Sui
Summary: A novel acute toxicity detection system using smartphones with high-performance cameras has been successfully developed, replacing the expensive PMT methods, and can be widely used in environmental monitoring scenarios.
Article
Biology
Luana Naia, Catarina M. Pinho, Giacomo Dentoni, Jianping Liu, Nuno Santos Leal, Duarte M. S. Ferreira, Bernadette Schreiner, Riccardo Filadi, Ligia Fao, Niamh M. C. Connolly, Pontus Forsell, Gunnar Nordvall, Makoto Shimozawa, Elisa Greotti, Emy Basso, Pierre Theurey, Anna Gioran, Alvin Joselin, Marie Arsenian-Henriksson, Per Nilsson, A. Cristina Rego, Jorge L. Ruas, David Park, Daniele Bano, Paola Pizzo, Jochen H. M. Prehn, Maria Ankarcrona
Summary: This study established a large-scale screening platform for mitochondrial-based modulators and identified luteolin as a compound with potential therapeutic validity for various human diseases by increasing mitochondrial activity through enhancing interactions between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The findings suggest a novel mechanism for luteolin's modulation of mitochondrial function in neuronal models and potential therapeutic applications.
Article
Cell Biology
R. A. Skolik, J. Solocinski, M. E. Konkle, N. Chakraborty, M. A. Menze
Summary: This study found that substituting glucose with galactose in the cell culture medium can shift ATP production in tumor cells from substrate-level phosphorylation to mitochondrial OXPHOS, leading to a global metabolic reorganization and restoring metabolic balance in the cells.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Atthasit Rabiablok, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, Khwanchanok Tuentam, Kamonpan Fongsodsri, Tapanee Kanjanapruthipong, Sumate Ampawong
Summary: This study conducted toxicopathological studies on a rat model and found that a high dose of primaquine (PQ) can lead to hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzyme (SGPT), proximal tubular degeneration, ventricular cardiomyopathy, and mitochondrial dysregulation. Furthermore, PQ induces cellular damage and mitochondrial apoptosis through the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins and mitochondrial gene expression. These toxicopathological effects of PQ caution against its use in the treatment of malaria.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Shi, Peichen Pan, Rui Lv, Chongqing Ma, Enhui Wu, Ruochen Guo, Zhihao Zhao, Hexing Song, Joe Zhou, Yang Liu, Guoqiang Xu, Tingjun Hou, Zhenhui Kang, Jian Liu
Summary: In this study, the researchers discovered a glycolytic inhibitor for glioblastoma using graphite dots-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Through virtual screening and experimental validation, they identified a promising inhibitor with potential therapeutic effects.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jolanta Pulit-Prociak, Anita Staron, Olga Dlugosz, Dominik Domagala, Katarzyna Janczyk, Marcin Banach
Summary: This study presents a method for preparing zinc oxide nanoparticles coated with galactose. The modified nanoparticles demonstrate higher stability and lower toxicity compared to the unmodified ones.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ling Zhang, Jianguo Wang, Yu Tina Zhao, Patrycja Dubielecka, Gangjian Qin, Shougang Zhuang, Eugene Y. Chin, Paul Y. Liu, Ting C. Zhao
Summary: This study demonstrates the crucial role of PRAK in maintaining cellular survival and mitochondrial function under high glucose stress. Knockout of PRAK leads to decreased cell viability, mitochondrial damage, and increased apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. Additionally, irisin can rescue the mitochondrial and cell damage caused by PRAK knockout.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria-Anna Trapotsi, Elizabeth Mouchet, Guy Williams, Tiziana Monteverde, Karolina Juhani, Riku Turkki, Filip Miljkovic, Anton Martinsson, Lewis Mervin, Kenneth R. Pryde, Erik Mullers, Ian Barrett, Ola Engkvist, Andreas Bender, Kevin Moreau
Summary: PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) utilize the ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade specific proteins for therapeutic purposes. Although targeted protein degradation technology has shown significant advancements, there is a need to identify reliable methods to assess the safety risks associated with PROTACs in order to develop effective and safe compounds. This study utilized an unbiased high-content imaging method called Cell Painting to identify phenotypic signatures of PROTACs. By employing chemical clustering and model prediction, a mitotoxicity signature was identified that could not have been predicted by screening individual components of PROTACs. The findings underscore the value of unbiased phenotypic methods in identifying toxic signatures and their potential impact on drug design.
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiaying Wu, Yue Gao, Jing Xi, Xinyue You, Xiaohong Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Yiyi Cao, Peichuan Liu, Xiang Chen, Yang Luan
Summary: In this study, an automated and highly-integrated platform was developed for high-throughput and in situ toxicity testing using Caenorhabditis elegans. The platform combines various modules and devices to achieve efficient worm dispensing, long-term maintenance, toxicity monitoring, imaging, and behavioral analysis. It also enables remote operation and phenotype calculation through connection to the web.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Michael Edbert Suryanto, Ross D. Vasquez, Marri Jmelou M. Roldan, Kelvin H-C Chen, Jong-Chin Huang, Chung-Der Hsiao, Che-Chia Tsao
Summary: This study developed an automated pipeline for measuring locomotion activity of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila using machine learning-based software. The method was validated by measuring locomotor activity in different conditions and analyzing altered behaviors affected by various factors, showing potential for conducting toxicity assessments in a high-throughput manner.
Article
Cell Biology
Wanda van der Stel, Huan Yang, Sylvia E. le Devedec, Bob van de Water, Joost B. Beltman, Erik H. J. Danen
Summary: Cells can adjust mitochondrial morphology to adapt to stress by altering the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion. This study used high-throughput high-content confocal microscopy to investigate the effects of different oxidative phosphorylation complex inhibitors on mitochondrial parameters. It was found that complex V inhibitors caused mitochondrial fragmentation and cleavage of the fusion protein OPA1.
CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Kathryn Page, Walter Westerink, Kristie Sullivan, Thomas McDonald, Clive Roper
Summary: This study developed a new method to assess the skin irritation of antimicrobial cleaning products. The method utilized a more human-like model and demonstrated its effectiveness through comparison with in vivo rabbit skin irritation data.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Arupam Patra, Thirukumaran Kandasamy, Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh, Gurvinder Kaur Saini
Summary: This study successfully produced recombinant anisoplin and demonstrated its significant anti-cancer effect and ability to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The activation of related signaling pathways may be the key to cell death.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Thomas Haller, Alexander Jesacher, Alberto Hidalgo, Christina Schmidt
Summary: This study used live cell imaging to observe the accumulation of amiodarone in primary rat alveolar type II cells, and found that it specifically accumulates in lamellar bodies. The uptake is rapid, while storage is persistent. The main mechanisms for intracellular bioaccumulation of amiodarone are proposed to be passive diffusion, ion-trapping, and lipophilic interactions.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Filiz Bakar-Ates, Erva Ozkan
Summary: This study investigated the ferroptotic effect of CuB in breast cancer cells and evaluated its combination with erastin, a ferroptosis inducer. The results showed that the combination treatment significantly activated the ferroptotic pathways and altered the expression of iron-related proteins in breast cancer cells.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Rachel Z. Bennie, Ian C. Shaw
Summary: Estrogen mimics are synthetic and naturally occurring compounds that can interact with estrogen receptors in animals. In vitro transactivation reporter gene assay and in silico molecular modelling can be used to predict the mimicry of these compounds, reducing reliance on animal studies.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Sevda Isik, Semra Cicek
Summary: This study found that high doses of riboflavin can cause cytotoxicity in rainbow trout gonad cells and affect the transcriptional expressions of antioxidant enzymes and growth and reproductive genes, potentially leading to DNA damage and cell death.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Ying Wang, Jie Wu, Mengqi Wan, Dou Yang, Fasheng Liu, Kehao Li, Manxin Hu, Yuanyuan Tang, Huiqiang Lu, Shouhua Zhang, Yuanzhen Xiong
Summary: m-Cresol is commonly used as an intermediate for pesticides and other industrial applications. This study investigated the hepatotoxicity of m-cresol using zebrafish larvae and explored its molecular mechanisms. The results suggest that m-cresol may induce liver damage in zebrafish larvae through oxidative stress and cell apoptosis pathways.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Vincent J. Manna, Shannon Dwyer, Vanessa Pizutelli, Salvatore J. Caradonna
Summary: The widespread use of electronic cigarettes and the emergence of a new illness have raised concerns about the effects of e-cigarette vapor on respiratory tissues. Researchers have developed a simple device to mimic the response of human airway tissue after long-term exposure to e-cigarette vapor, and have identified differences in the effects of different vapor compositions on airway tissue.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)