Hydrogen sensing properties of Pd-doped SnO(2) sputtered films with columnar nanostructures

Pd-doped SnO(2) sputtered films with columnar nanostructures were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering at the substrate temperature of 300 degrees C and the discharge gas pressures of 1.5, 12, and 24 Pa. Structural characterization by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy shows that the films composed of columnar nanograins have a tetragonal SnO(2) structure. The films become porous as the discharge gas pressure increases. Gas sensing measurements demonstrate that the films show reversible response to H(2) gas. The sensitivity increases as the discharge gas pressure increases, and the operating temperature at which the sensitivity shows a maximum is lowered. The highest sensitivity defined by (R(a) - R(g)) / R(g), where R(a) and R(g) are the resistances before and after exposure to H(2), 84.3 is obtained for the Pd-doped film deposited at 24 Pa and 300 degrees C upon exposure to 1000 ppm H(2) gas at the operating temperature of 200 degrees C. The improved gas sensing properties were attributed to the porosity of columnar nanostructures and catalytic activities of I'd doping. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.