Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Babak Nikoobakht, Aaron C. Johnston-Peck, David Laleyan, Ping Wang, Zetian Mi
Summary: A novel approach was presented for growth of surface-directed spinel ZnGa2O4 and beta-Ga2O3 nanofins coated with a non-polar GaN shell, utilizing a vacancy-assisted mechanism for exchange between Zn and Ga. The predictability over surface registries and tunable porosity of the core/shell fins is anticipated to be significant for various applications.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Patrick Vogt, Felix V. E. Hensling, Kathy Azizie, Celesta S. Chang, David Turner, Jisung Park, Jonathan P. McCandless, Hanjong Paik, Brandon J. Bocklund, Georg Hoffman, Oliver Bierwagen, Debdeep Jena, Huili G. Xing, Shin Mou, David A. Muller, Shun-Li Shang, Zi-Kui Liu, Darrell G. Schlom
Summary: Introduces a growth method called suboxide molecular-beam epitaxy (S-MBE) that significantly enhances the growth rates of Ga2O3 and related materials while maintaining excellent crystalline quality, applicable to a wide range of oxide materials.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tuo Sheng, Xing-Zhao Liu, Ling-Xuan Qian, Bo Xu, Yi-Yu Zhang
Summary: Metal-semiconductor-metal solar-blind ultraviolet photoconductors based on beta-Ga2O3 thin films were fabricated and the effects of annealing on their characteristics and photoconductivity were studied. Higher annealing temperature resulted in lower crystalline quality and device photoresponsivity. The vacuum-annealed sample showed the highest photoresponsivity and the oxygen-annealed sample effectively suppressed persistent photoconductivity.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kenny Huynh, Michael E. Liao, Akhil Mauze, Takeki Itoh, Xingxu Yan, James S. Speck, Xiaoqing Pan, Mark S. Goorsky
Summary: The orientational dependence of interfacial reaction between aluminum and different β-Ga2O3 substrates (010, (001), and ((2) over bar 01)) was investigated. It was found that the orientation of β-Ga2O3 substrates influences the formation of aluminum oxide layers and diffusional pathways.
Article
Physics, Applied
Mengen Wang, Sai Mu, Chris G. Van de Walle
Summary: Studies suggest that silicon and tin can replace gallium sites in Ga2O3 and prefer different structural sites. Under surface reconstructions, silicon and tin may also occupy thermodynamically less preferred sites.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hiroyuki Nishinaka, Tatsuji Nagaoka, Yuki Kajita, Masahiro Yoshimoto
Summary: Utilizing mist chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, rapid homoepitaxial growth of beta-Ga2O3 thin films with smooth surfaces was achieved using a concentrated aqueous solution of GaCl3 precursor.
MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
A. F. M. Anhar Uddin Bhuiyan, Zixuan Feng, Lingyu Meng, Hongping Zhao
Summary: This tutorial summarizes the recent advances in the epitaxial growth of beta-Ga2O3 thin films using different growth methods, with a particular focus on the growth of Ga2O3 and its alloys by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The challenges in the epitaxial development of beta-Ga2O3 are discussed, along with the opportunities for improving device performance based on this emerging ultrawide bandgap semiconductor material system.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Georg Hoffmann, Zongzhe Cheng, Oliver Brandt, Oliver Bierwagen
Summary: In the molecular beam epitaxy of oxide films, the incorporation of cations or dopants is enhanced at low source temperatures due to the formation and evaporation of suboxides. The total flux of metal and suboxide exhibits an S-shaped temperature dependence, with distinct thermally activated regimes. The model predicts suboxide-dominated growth in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of certain oxide materials.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Fedor Hrubisak, Kristina Husekova, Xiang Zheng, Alica Rosova, Edmund Dobrocka, Milan Tapajna, Matej Micusik, Peter Nadazdy, Fridrich Egyenes, Javad Keshtkar, Eva Kovacova, James W. Pomeroy, Martin Kuball, Filip Gucmann
Summary: In this study, monoclinic ss-Ga2O3 and orthorhombic kappa-Ga2O3 thin films were grown on highly thermally conductive 4H-SiC substrates using liquid-injection metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Both gallium precursors produced the ss phase, but only the latter led to growth of kappa-Ga2O3. The best growth conditions for ss-Ga2O3 were a temperature of 700 degrees C and O-2 flows in the range of 600-800 SCCM. For kappa-Ga2O3, a narrow growth window was observed, with the best results at a temperature of 600 degrees C and an O-2 flow of 800 SCCM. The results suggest the potential of integrating Ga2O3 and SiC for improved thermal management and reliability of future high power Ga2O3-based devices.
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Minh Anh Phan Nguyen, Jennifer Hite, Michael A. Mastro, Mehran Kianinia, Milos Toth, Igor Aharonovich
Summary: This study investigates the nature of quantum emitters in GaN grown on samples with different growth orientations, revealing consistent formation of quantum emitters in Ga-polar regions. Findings shed light on the origins of these quantum emitters and demonstrate site-selective formation in GaN. Through various tests, the overall defectivity of Ga-polar GaN synthesized using a specific growth procedure is attributed to the formation of quantum emitters.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Joseph Roth, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Leixin Miao, Alexej Pogrebnyakov, Nasim Alem, Roman Engel-Herbert
Summary: Exotic material properties and topological nontrivial surface states are theoretically predicted to emerge in [111]-oriented perovskite layers. However, the growth of perovskite oxide films along this crystallographic direction has been proven to be difficult due to the highly polar character of the perovskite (111) surface. Successful epitaxial growth of high-quality SrVO3(111) thin films was achieved by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy, opening up opportunities for studying transport properties of topological nontrivial and correlated electron systems.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mengen Wang, Sai Mu, Chris G. Van de Walle
Summary: Hydrogen and its related reconstructions play a crucial role in the growth of beta-Ga2O3 using chemical vapor deposition techniques. In this study, we used density functional theory to investigate the adsorption behavior of hydrogen, gallium, and oxygen on the Ga2O3(010) and Ga2O3(110) surfaces. By generating a surface phase diagram, we found that reconstructions on both surfaces are similar due to their bonding similarity. The stability of surface reconstructions and the adsorption of hydrogen under different conditions provide valuable knowledge for tailoring growth conditions and achieving optimal layer quality.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zeming Li, Teng Jiao, Wancheng Li, Gaoqiang Deng, Wei Chen, Zhengda Li, Zhaoti Diao, Xin Dong, Baolin Zhang, Yuantao Zhang, Zengjiang Wang, Guotong Du
Summary: Beta-Ga2O3 is a promising material for solar-blind UV detection, and the crystal quality significantly affects the performance of photodetectors. In this study, high quality homoepitaxial beta-Ga2O3 films were grown by MOCVD for SBUV PD fabrication, demonstrating excellent performance for both photoconductor PD and SBD PD. The responsivity and EQE of photoconductor PD were 1.08 A/W and 5.32 x 102% under 254nm illumination, while the I-254/Idark and rejection ratio of SBD PD were 320 and 42, respectively.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Didem Dede, Frank Glas, Valerio Piazza, Nicholas Morgan, Martin Friedl, Lucas Guniat, Elif Nur Dayi, Akshay Balgarkashi, Vladimir G. Dubrovskii, Anna Fontcuberta i Morral
Summary: Selective area epitaxy (SAE) is a method for scalable fabrication of semiconductor nanostructures in a device-compatible configuration. This study focuses on GaAs SAE and provides insights into the impact of annealing stage on growth rates, the effect of geometrical constraints on semiconductor crystal growth, and the sensitivity of SAE growth rate to pattern geometry. These findings highlight the significance of considering adatom diffusion, adsorption, and desorption dynamics in designing SAE patterns for creating predetermined nanoscale structures across a wafer.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mohammed Benlahsen, Gabriella Bognar, Zoltan Csati, Mohammed Guedda, Krisztian Hriczo
Summary: The conservative Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation is studied as an evolution equation for amorphous thin film growth in one and two dimensions. Analytical and numerical investigations are conducted on the role of the nonlinear term and solution properties, providing analytical results on wavelength and amplitude. Numerical simulations show the roughening and coarsening of surface patterns and the evolution of surface morphology over time for different parameter values in one and two dimensions.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Hironori Okumura, Yuji Kato, Takayoshi Oshima, Tomas Palacios
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2019)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yuji Kato, Masataka Imura, Yoshiko Nakayama, Masaki Takeguchi, Takayoshi Oshima
APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS
(2019)
Article
Physics, Applied
Takayoshi Oshima, Yuji Kato, Eisuke Magome, Eiichi Kobayashi, Kazutoshi Takahashi
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Toshiyuki Oishi, Kosuke Urata, Makoto Hashikawa, Kosuke Ajiro, Takayoshi Oshima
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yuichi Oshima, Katsuaki Kawara, Takayoshi Oshima, Mitsuru Okigawa, Takashi Shinohe
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yuichi Oshima, Katsuaki Kawara, Takayoshi Oshima, Mitsuru Okigawa, Takashi Shinohe
SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Physics, Applied
Katsuaki Kawara, Takayoshi Oshima, Mitsuru Okigawa, Takashi Shinohe
APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yuichi Oshima, Katsuaki Kawara, Takayoshi Oshima, Takashi Shinohe
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Laura E. Ratcliff, Takayoshi Oshima, Felix Nippert, Benjamin M. Janzen, Elias Kluth, Rudiger Goldhahn, Martin Feneberg, Piero Mazzolini, Oliver Bierwagen, Charlotte Wouters, Musbah Nofal, Martin Albrecht, Jack E. N. Swallow, Leanne A. H. Jones, Pardeep K. Thakur, Tien-Lin Lee, Curran Kalha, Christoph Schlueter, Tim D. Veal, Joel B. Varley, Markus R. Wagner, Anna Regoutz
Summary: Ga2O3 and its polymorphs have great potential for electronic structure engineering. In this study, a robust atomistic model of gamma-Ga2O3 is developed using density functional theory and machine-learning approach, which is validated by experimental results. This work is of significant importance for understanding the electronic structure of complex, disordered oxides.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Takayoshi Oshima, Yuichi Oshima
Summary: Selective area growth of beta-Ga2O3 was demonstrated by HCl-based halide vapor phase epitaxy on SiO2-masked (001) and (010) beta-Ga2O3 substrates. High-aspect-ratio structures with (100) sidewall facets were observed for stripe windows along [010] and [001] directions on the respective substrates. These structures can be applied to trenches and fins for beta-Ga2O3-based power devices.
APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Takayoshi Oshima
Summary: In this study, a patterned metal on a beta-Ga2O3 substrate surface was used as an embedded photomask to demonstrate the applicability of backside-exposure lithography to beta-Ga2O3 substrates. Self-aligned photoresist patterning, lift-off, and etching processes were demonstrated for an AZ5214E photoresist in both the positive and negative processing modes. The findings suggest that backside-exposure photolithography is a promising fabrication approach for future beta-Ga2O3-based devices.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Hitoshi Takane, Takayoshi Oshima, Katsuhisa Tanaka, Kentaro Kaneko
Summary: Selective-area growth of r-SnO2 was achieved on a SiO2-masked r-TiO2 (110) substrate. The heteroepitaxy process led to the growth of islands with {100}-, {110}-, and {011}-faceted sidewalls, which matched the equilibrium shape of the rutile structure. Coalescence of the islands formed a flat (110) top surface on the striped window, followed by lateral overgrowth. Cross-sectional transmission-electron-microscopy observation revealed that misfit dislocations propagated perpendicular to the facet planes due to the image force effect, and the dislocation density decreased significantly in the wing regions.
APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Takayoshi Oshima, Yuichi Oshima
Summary: We have demonstrated the effectiveness of plasma-free HCl gas etching for fabricating high-aspect-ratio fins/trenches on a SiO2-masked (010) beta-Ga2O3 substrate. The etching process resulted in the formation of holes or trenches with etching-resistant (100)- and ((1) over bar 01)-faceted sidewalls. By etching in the striped windows along [001], we achieved fins and trenches with flat (100)-faceted vertical sidewalls and slightly rough {310}-faceted inclined bottom corners. The vertical-to-horizontal etching ratio was as high as about 11-14. Our findings suggest that HCl etching is a promising method for such fabrication without plasma damage.
APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Takayoshi Oshima, Yuichi Oshima
Summary: In this study, SiO2-masked (001) beta-Ga2O3 substrates were dry etched in HCl gas flow at a high temperature without plasma excitation. The etching selectively formed holes or trenches with inner sidewalls of (100) and/or {310} facets, which are planes of lowest surface energy density and oxygen-close-packed slip planes, respectively. The (100) faceted sidewalls were flat and close to the substrate surface normal. This dry etching method shows promise for fabricating plasma-damage-free trenches and fins for beta-Ga2O3-based power devices.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuma Kato, Muneaki Yamamoto, Akiyo Ozawa, Yu Kawaguchi, Akinobu Miyoshi, Takayoshi Oshima, Kazuhiko Maeda, Tomoko Yoshida
E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2018)