Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Beomki Jeon, Sungjun Kim
Summary: In this work, TiN/SiOx/ITO devices were used to achieve conductance quantization and multilevel conductance for high-density memory applications. Stepwise conductance with integer and half-integer multiples was observed under pulse and DC voltages. The conductance quantization of this device is predicted to be a combination of the formation and rupture of oxygen vacancies in the SiOx film and the formation of O-2 rich ITO layers due to the oxidation reaction between ITO and SiOx. Furthermore, TiN/SiOx/ITO RRAM devices were found to stably endure each conductance level.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mozhikunnam Sreekrishnan Arjunan, Suresh Durai, Anbarasu Manivannan
Summary: Multilevel storage in chalcogenide-based phase-change materials is essential for designing neuromorphic and in-memory computing applications, but controlling the crystalline and amorphous fraction precisely to achieve reliable multilevel states is a key challenge. Multilevel switching in the optical domain offers higher bandwidth and low delay connectivity advantages suitable for non-von Neumann architecture. The requirements for multilevel optical switching, including programming techniques, novel device structures, and emerging materials, are discussed for better optimization.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shin-Yi Min, Won-Ju Cho
Summary: The study evaluated the memristive switching characteristics of a biomaterial solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) chitosan-based memristor and confirmed its artificial synaptic behavior with analog switching. The fabricated Ti/SPE-chitosan/Pt-structured memristor showed stable bipolar resistive switching behavior and multilevel per cell (MLC) characteristics. Adjusting the set compliance current (I-cc) allowed for continuous analog resistance switching, demonstrating the capability of chitosan-based SPE artificial synapses to emulate short- and long-term plasticity of biological synapses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Dmitry I. Dominskiy, Oleg G. Kharlanov, Vasiliy A. Trukhanov, Andrey Yu. Sosorev, Nataliya I. Sorokina, Maxim S. Kazantsev, Eleonora F. Lazneva, Natalia B. Gerasimova, Vitaly S. Sobolev, Aleksei S. Komolov, Oleg V. Borshchev, Sergey A. Ponomarenko, Dmitry Yu. Paraschuk
Summary: Organic electronic devices often face limitations in charge injection, which affects their performance. This study demonstrates polarity switching in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that is independent of the electrode work function. By modifying the donor/acceptor character of the molecular terminal substituents, the researchers were able to achieve charge injection switching from p-type to ambipolar and to n-type. This finding has potential implications for the rational design of organic semiconductors for high-performance electronic devices.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yang Li, Yelong Pan, Cheng Zhang, Zhiming Shi, Chunlan Ma, Songtao Ling, Min Teng, Qijian Zhang, Yucheng Jiang, Run Zhao, Qichun Zhang
Summary: Controlling the performance of N-containing heteroaromatic semiconductors through molecular-shape engineering enables reliable binary to ternary ReRAM switching. This study sheds light on the potential of N-containing heteroaromatic semiconductors for promising ultrahigh-density data-storage ReRAM applications.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Harshit Sharma, Nitish Saini, Ajeet Kumar, Ritu Srivastava
Summary: This study proposes a solution-processed ternary metal chalcogenide AgBiS2 quantum dots as a functional layer in a memristive device, exhibiting electroforming-free resistive switching with low power consumption. The working mechanism involves the migration of electrochemically active Ag metal ions and sulfur vacancies to form a conductive filament. Multiple quantum conductance levels are achieved by controlling the compliance current during the set process, making this device suitable for ultra-high density multi-level memory applications with low power consumption.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ravi Teja Velpula, Barsha Jain, Hieu Pham Trung Nguyen
Summary: This study systematically investigates the multilevel switching at low power in Ti/TiN/Ga2O3/Ti/Pt resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices. The fabricated RRAM device shows an excellent non-overlapping window between set and reset voltages with a high R (off)/R (on) ratio. Moreover, the study demonstrates the multi-bit storage capability of these RRAM devices with high R (off)/R (on) ratio for the first time.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Keonhee Kim, Jae Gwang Lim, Su Man Hu, Yeonjoo Jeong, Jaewook Kim, Suyoun Lee, Joon Young Kwak, Jongkil Park, Gyu Weon Hwang, Kyeong-Seok Lee, Seongsik Park, Wook-Seong Lee, Byeong-Kwon Ju, Jong Keuk Park, Inho Kim
Summary: This study proposes a memristive device with a Cu/SiOx/implanted a-SiGex/p(++) c-Si structure, which plays a multifunctional role in device operation by limiting current overshoot, controlling heat generation, and preventing reaction between the active metal (Cu) and Si bottom electrode. The insertion of the a-SiGex layer enables the formation of multi-weak filaments and induces analog switching behaviors. Transmission electron microscopy observation shows that the insertion of the a-SiGex layer significantly suppresses the formation of copper silicide, and reliable set/reset operations are achieved. Memristive-neural network simulations demonstrate high learning accuracy and potential applications in future neuromorphic computing hardware.
NPG ASIA MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Girish U. Kamble, Akhilesh P. Patil, Rajanish K. Kamat, Jin Hyeok Kim, Tukaram D. Dongale
Summary: This review article summarized diverse organic and inorganic materials and their resistive switching performance, reviewed potential materials for next-generation resistive switching devices, and briefly reviewed various fabrication techniques using physical, chemical, and biological-based synthesis. The influence of preparative parameters was also discussed. Finally, the current status and future directions of this field are discussed.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Optics
Jorge Parra, Irene Olivares, Antoine Brimont, Pablo Sanchis
Summary: The article discusses the current developments in achieving nonvolatile switching in silicon photonic waveguide devices, either through device engineering or hybrid integration with unique optical materials. Several approaches with high potential for evolving towards nonvolatile behavior with enhanced performance are being explored, although many development steps are still necessary to ensure reliable devices.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nikita Kulachenkov, Quentin Haar, Sergei Shipilovskikh, Andrei Yankin, Jean-Francois Pierson, Alexandre Nomine, Valentin A. Milichko
Summary: The digital industry faces dangers of raw material shortages and needs to consider resource sustainability; Metal-organic frameworks are gaining attention as a sustainable solution with potential for various storage devices; MOFs are seen as a new generation of sustainable materials that can bring many benefits to microelectronic devices.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kuan Yew Cheong, Ilias Ait Tayeb, Feng Zhao, Jafri Malin Abdullah
Summary: Bio-organic material, a sustainable and bio-resorbable material, is used as an active thin film in producing resistive switching random access memory (RRAM). The memory characteristics of this nonvolatile memory are significantly affected by the resistive-switching mechanism. Studies have identified three types of mechanisms in governing the operation of bio-organic-based RRAM: electronic, electrochemical, and thermo-chemical.
NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anze Mraz, Rok Venturini, Damjan Svetin, Vitomir Sever, Ian Aleksander Mihailovic, Igor Vaskivskyi, Bojan Ambrozic, Goran Drazic, Maria D'Antuono, Daniela Stornaiuolo, Francesco Tafuri, Dimitrios Kazazis, Jan Ravnik, Yasin Ekinci, Dragan Mihailovic
Summary: Current trends in data processing have led to a search for new concepts of memory devices that prioritize efficiency, speed, and scalability. A promising new approach based on resistance switching in 1T-TaS2 has been investigated. The research explores the energy efficiency scaling of charge configuration memory (CCM) devices in relation to device size, data write time (tau(W)), and other parameters. The study finds that energy efficiency scales linearly with device size and data write time, only deviating from linearity when tau(W) approaches the intrinsic switching limit. CCM devices are shown to be faster and more energy efficient compared to current memory devices, utilizing 2.2 fJ, 16 ps electrical pulses for two-terminal switching.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Muhammad Ismail, Chandreswar Mahata, Osung Kwon, Sungjun Kim
Summary: Researchers have developed a Pt/HfO2/HfAlOx/TiN memristor with high-k dielectric thin films, achieving excellent resistive switching performance and multilevel conductance suitable for neuromorphic synapses in artificial intelligence systems.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Chandreswar Mahata, Sungjun Kim
Summary: By controlling the Al ratio during atomic layer deposition, significant improvement in resistive switching behavior of Al-doped HfAlO-based RRAM devices was achieved, leading to enhanced on/off ratio and retention properties. Multilevel conductance modulation and synaptic properties of potentiation/depression were successfully demonstrated.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Uwe D. Zeitner, Hans Dekker, Frank Burmeister, Thomas Fluegel-Paul, Andrea Bianco, Alessio Zanutta
Summary: This paper introduces the device type selection for the CUBES efficient spectrograph and the process of manufacturing binary transmission gratings using lithography technology, as well as the achieved optical performance.
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Lorenzo Cabona, Edoardo Redaelli, Frederic Zamkotsian, Giorgio Pariani, Patrick Lanzoni, Andrea Bianco
Summary: The fabrication and characterization of a Silicon based photo-controlled deformable mirror (PCDM) for spatial light modulation and wavefront control is reported. The device is a membrane mirror based on a 1-inch monolithic non-pixelated Silicon photoconductive substrate with a transparent ITO electrode on one side coupled with a 5 μm thick nitrocellulose membrane. The device is driven applying an AC voltage and it is characterized by measuring the generated wavefront using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. Upon uniform illumination with a NIR LED, the deformation increases with the voltage applied, its frequency and the light intensity. The maximum deformation achieved is approximately 2 μm PtV (wavefront). The repeatability of the induced deformation is also evaluated together with its time stability, proving that the device is reliable in the working conditions. The response time is evaluated and it is in the range of 10 ms. The device is suitable for an efficient adaptable focusing element with an important focus control.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ting Zhao, Kai Xia, Dario Natali, Vincenzo Pecunia
Summary: This study successfully demonstrates the monolithic integration of vertically stacked solution-processed organic photodetectors for independent multicolor light sensing within the same pixel area, overcoming the solvent orthogonality challenge and optimizing the device architecture for efficient blue and green selective photodetection.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Spanu, Tommaso Losi, Antonello Mascia, Annalisa Bonfiglio, Mario Caironi, Piero Cosseddu
Summary: This paper reports the development of a simple and reproducible approach for fabricating n-type organic field-effect transistors on flexible substrates. The key feature of the device, the channel length, is achieved using a self-alignment process that utilizes plasma etching of a thin Parylene C layer. The fabricated devices exhibit continuous operation and have an average transition frequency of 2.5 MHz and a maximum transition frequency of 5.5 MHz. This approach represents an interesting step towards miniaturizing flexible circuits in the field of large-area organic electronics, without the need for expensive and high-resolution techniques.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Paola Galli, Paola Moretti, Adalberto Cavalleri, Emma Minelli, Alessandra Zito, Chiara Bertarelli, Andrea Bianco
Summary: In this study, a series of aryltriazene derivatives with different substituents were synthesized and characterized, and their photochemical reactions and structural changes were investigated using spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques, as well as their correlation with polymer structures.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ivan K. Ilic, Valerio Galli, Leonardo Lamanna, Pietro Cataldi, Lea Pasquale, Valerio F. Annese, Athanassia Athanassiou, Mario Caironi
Summary: Edible electronics is a growing field that aims to produce digestible devices using only food ingredients and additives. The development of fully edible electronic devices could revolutionize gastrointestinal tract monitoring, therapeutics, and food quality monitoring. A rechargeable edible battery, made from common food ingredients and dietary supplements, has been created, providing a power source for small electronic devices. This proof-of-concept battery opens up new opportunities for safer medical diagnostics, treatments, and innovative food quality monitoring.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matteo Lombini, Laura Schreiber, Roberto Albertini, Elisa Maria Alessi, Primo Attina, Andrea Bianco, Enrico Cascone, Maria Eugenia Colucci, Fausto Cortecchia, Vincenzo De Caprio, Emiliano Diolaiti, Mauro Fiorini, Luigi Lessio, Alberto Macchi, Giuseppe Malaguti, Giuseppe Mongelluzzo, Giovanni Pareschi, Maria G. Pelizzo, Cesira Pasquarella
Summary: To address the health risks of long-term space missions, scientists propose using Solar ultraviolet radiation to disinfect airborne pathogens. They plan to place Solar Ultraviolet Light Collectors on the peaks of the Moon's poles to collect and utilize the ultraviolet radiation for air disinfection. Through fluid-dynamic and optical simulations, researchers believe that this device can effectively disinfect the air in lunar outposts and provide a healthy living environment for astronauts.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Leonardo Lamanna, Giuseppina Pace, Pietro Cataldi, Fabrizio Viola, Marco Friuli, Valerio Galli, Christian Demitri, Mario Caironi
Summary: Edible electronics that can be safely ingested and degraded in the human body have various applications, such as sensing physiological parameters, tagging food, and developing edible actuators. Ethylcellulose and activated carbon composites have been proposed as suitable materials for energy harvesting and storage in these edible devices. The combination of these materials allows for the production of bi-layered films with insulating top layers and low electrical resistivity at the bottom, enabling the successful operation of electropositive elements in organic triboelectric nanogenerators and electrodes in fully edible supercapacitors. These edible devices demonstrate potential for future applications in energy generation and storage.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mengting Jiang, Stefano Pecorario, Nicolas F. F. Zorn, Jana Zaumseil, Mario Caironi
Summary: Solution-processed networks of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have potential applications in digital circuits, thermoelectric devices, and healthcare. Charge modulation microscopy (CMM) is used to study charge transport in field-effect transistors (FETs) based on different types of SWCNT networks, providing insights into the spatial distribution and evolution of free carriers during FET switching. The results show that preferential percolation paths are responsible for the transportation of holes and electrons, and the SWCNT density and band gap influence the charge density and transport paths.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Annamaria Petrozza, Mario Caironi
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tommaso Losi, Lukasz Witczak, Mateusz Lysien, Pietro Rossi, Paola Moretti, Chiara Bertarelli, Virgilio Mattoli, Mario Caironi
Summary: Organic electronics is a promising technology for low-cost and simple device fabrication. This study successfully integrated direct written metal contacts in fully solution fabricated n-type OFETs, achieving a short channel of 1.4 μm and a high transition frequency of 25.5 MHz at 25 V. This demonstrates the potential of additive, high-resolution direct-writing techniques for high-frequency organic electronics.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ao Liu, Huihui Zhu, Sai Bai, Youjin Reo, Mario Caironi, Annamaria Petrozza, Letian Dou, Yong-Young Noh
Summary: Advancements in metal halide perovskite semiconductors have created renewed interest in their use in transistors. Improvements in performance have been made through fine-tuning of material compositions, processing techniques, and device engineering. However, more understanding is needed regarding the electrical properties of these materials, as well as their potential for use in large-area and microscale electronics.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Andrea Perinot, Francesca Scuratti, Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi, Karolina Tran, Jorge Mario Salazar-Rios, Maria Antonietta Loi, Giovanni Salvatore, Simone Fabiano, Mario Caironi
Summary: The integration of organic electronic circuits into real-life applications requires meeting requirements such as low voltage and reduced power consumption. This paper proposes a solution-based fabrication method for low-voltage organic transistors using a photo-cross-linked, low-k dielectric interlayer. The method is widely applicable to various semiconducting and dielectric materials.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Marco Carlotti, Tommaso Losi, Francesco De Boni, Federico Maria Vivaldi, Esteban Araya-Hermosilla, Mirko Prato, Andrea Pucci, Mario Caironi, Virgilio Mattoli
Summary: The possibility of generating regions with different electronic properties within the same organic semiconductor thin film could lead to new opportunities for designing and fabricating organic electronic devices and circuits. This study introduces a new approach using a highly processable polymer precursor to yield two different conjugated polymers with complementary electronic properties. The precursor can be functionalized to improve solubility or insert specific functionalities, and high-molecular-weight conjugated polymers can be prepared without solubilizing side chains. Thin films of the precursor can be transformed to create single organic layers with regions of different chemical nature and electronic properties.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Piero Borga, Francesca Milesi, Nicola Peserico, Chiara Groppi, Francesco Damin, Laura Sola, Paola Piedimonte, Antonio Fincato, Marco Sampietro, Marcella Chiari, Andrea Melloni, Riccardo Bertacco
Summary: Integrated optical biosensors are gaining attention for their use in lab-on-chip platforms. Opto-Magnetic biosensing allows off-line optical measurement of tiny variations in refractive index, leading to low detection limits and fast measurement times.
