Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Nima Gharahdaghi, Supreeth Rudrappa, Matthew S. Brook, Wesam Farrash, Iskandar Idris, Muhammad Hariz Abdul Aziz, Fawzi Kadi, Konstantinos Papaioannou, Bethan E. Phillips, Tanvir Sian, Philip J. Herrod, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, Kenneth Smith, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: This study investigates the effects of endogenous testosterone depletion on muscle hypertrophic responses to resistance exercise training (RET), and finds that sufficient endogenous testosterone plays a crucial role in up-regulating molecular transducers of muscle growth.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Fatemeh Mohammadinejad, Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi, Zahra Roudbari, Tomasz Sadkowski
Summary: This study aimed to identify the hub genes and mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle maturation and hypertrophy in livestock species (Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa). Gene expression profiles were analyzed, and differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways were identified in each species. Common genes and pathways were also identified, which play important roles in the development and maturation of skeletal muscles. This study provides valuable insights into the relationships between genes and biological pathways in the skeletal muscle maturation process.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew J. Lees, David Nolan, Miryam Amigo-Benavent, Conor J. Raleigh, Neda Khatib, Padraigin Harnedy-Rothwell, Richard J. FitzGerald, Brendan Egan, Brian P. Carson
Summary: Fish-derived proteins, particularly fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), have the potential to be high-quality sources of dietary protein while enhancing economic and environmental sustainability. A study comparing blue whiting-derived protein hydrolysate (BWPH) with whey protein isolate (WPI) and a control group found that both BWPH and WPI showed potential in promoting aminoacidaemia and skeletal muscle anabolism.
Article
Sport Sciences
Witalo Kassiano, Bruna Costa, Joao Pedro Nunes, Gabriel Kunevaliki, Pamela Castro-E-Souza, Leticia T. Cyrino, Marcelo A. S. Carneiro, Nata Stavinski, Edilaine F. Cavalcante, Jerry Mayhew, Alex Silva Ribeiro, Edilson S. Cyrino
Summary: We compared the changes in strength and muscle mass between stronger and weaker older women in response to resistance training. The study found that both groups showed similar gains in muscle mass and upper-limb strength, but weaker women experienced greater improvements in lower-limb strength. This suggests that older women, regardless of their initial strength levels, can benefit from resistance training for muscle and strength gains.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Shalender Bhasin, Disa L. Hatfield, Jay R. Hoffman, William J. Kraemer, Michele Labotz, Stuart M. Phillips, Nicholas A. Ratamess
Summary: This consensus statement acknowledges the lawful and ethical therapeutic use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) but condemns the illicit use of AAS for enhancing performance and appearance, especially among competitive athletes. It updates the science behind how AAS work metabolically/biochemically, discusses potential side effects, prevalence of use among athletes, and AAS use in clinical scenarios.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Mark W. Pataky, Surendra Dasari, Kelly L. Michie, Kyle J. Sevits, A. Aneesh Kumar, Katherine A. Klaus, Carrie J. Heppelmann, Matthew M. Robinson, Rickey E. Carter, Ian R. Lanza, K. Sreekumaran Nair
Summary: There are substantial differences in cardio-metabolic risk, muscle size, and performance between men and women. These differences are mainly related to testosterone and estradiol, and less related to genes on the Y chromosome. Exercise training and age can affect the transcriptional responses of muscle, and hormonal changes may explain age-related differential expression of transcripts.
Article
Biology
Marco S. Kaiser, Giulia Milan, Daniel J. Ham, Shuo Lin, Filippo Oliveri, Kathrin Chojnowska, Lionel A. Tintignac, Nitish Mittal, Christian E. Zimmerli, David J. Glass, Mihaela Zavolan, Markus A. Rueegg
Summary: Muscle size is regulated by the PI3K-PKB/Akt-mTORC1-FoxO pathway, which controls protein synthesis and breakdown. Paradoxically, while mTORC1 activity is necessary for muscle hypertrophy, its constant activation promotes protein breakdown through the UPS. This study highlights the importance of mTORC1-mediated PKB/Akt inhibition and the role of the UPS in muscle atrophy and proteome integrity.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Masoud Rahmati, John J. McCarthy, Fatemeh Malakoutinia
Summary: Skeletal muscle memory refers to the ability of previously trained muscles to hypertrophy more rapidly after a period of detraining. This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the permanence of myonuclei, and found that while skeletal muscle hypertrophy is associated with higher myonuclear content in rodents, myonuclei are not permanent and can be lost during periods of atrophy and with aging in humans. These findings suggest that other mechanisms, such as epigenetics, may play a more important role in mediating skeletal muscle plasticity than the permanence of myonuclei.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sophie L. Mathewson, Adam L. Gordon, Kenneth Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Carolyn A. Greig, Bethan E. Phillips
Summary: This study found that habitual dietary intake did not explain the differences in muscle mass and strength parameters between young and older adults, suggesting that there may be other factors contributing to these differences. Larger sample size studies are needed to further investigate these relationships and potentially inform interventions against sarcopenia development.
Article
Cell Biology
Michael Tabbaa, Tania Ruz Gomez, Dean G. Campelj, Paul Gregorevic, Alan Hayes, Craig A. Goodman
Summary: Polyamine pathway enzymes are differentially regulated in models of altered mechanical and metabolic stress, with some being regulated in a mTORC1-dependent manner. This suggests that polyamines may play a role in the adaptive response to stressors in skeletal muscle.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wouter Eilers, Mark Cleasby, Keith Foster
Summary: The study found that a modest reduction in myostatin transcript levels induced by antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) is sufficient to increase muscle mass, but a greater degree of inhibition may be required to improve muscle glucose uptake.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dong Yi, Maki Yoshikawa, Takeshi Sugimoto, Keigo Tomoo, Yoko Okada, Takeshi Hashimoto
Summary: This study investigated the effects and mechanism of maca on muscle hypertrophy, and found that maca may promote muscle hypertrophy, differentiation, and maturation through muscle hypertrophic signaling pathways such as Akt and mTOR.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Martijn Wehrens, Anne E. de Leeuw, Maya Wright-Clark, Joep E. C. Eding, Cornelis J. Boogerd, Bas Molenaar, Petra H. van der Kraak, Diederik W. D. Kuster, Jolanda van der Velden, Michelle Michels, Aryan Vink, Eva van Rooij
Summary: Functional links between genes and cell size relevant for HCM were identified using scRNA-seq on patients' samples. The study provides valuable insights into molecular events involved in HCM and may contribute to the development of enhanced therapies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ricardo Laranjeiro, Girish Harinath, Amelia K. Pollard, Christopher J. Gaffney, Colleen S. Deane, Siva A. Vanapalli, Timothy Etheridge, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, Monica Driscoll
Summary: The study found that in spaceflight conditions, worm neurons exhibited hyper-branching and an accumulation of neuronal waste in surrounding tissues, indicating impaired transcellular degradation of neuronal debris. The results highlight the significant impact of spaceflight on adult neuronal morphology and trash clearance, emphasizing the importance of assessing risks and developing countermeasures for safe long-duration space exploration.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ivan Milenkovic, Helaine Graziele Santos Vieira, Morghan C. Lucas, Jorge Ruiz-Orera, Giannino Patone, Scott Kesteven, Jianxin Wu, Michael Feneley, Guadalupe Espadas, Eduard Sabido, Norbert Huebner, Sebastiaan van Heesch, Mirko Voelkers, Eva Maria Novoa
Summary: The study investigates the existence of ribosome heterogeneity and its potential impact on specialized ribosomes. Through analyzing a knockout mouse strain, the researchers find that the depletion of RPL3L leads to an up-regulation of RPL3, resulting in the formation of RPL3-containing ribosomes in cardiomyocytes. Additionally, they discover that RPL3L depletion increases interactions between ribosomes and mitochondria, leading to elevated ATP levels.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Meri M. Salokannel, Oona-Mari Hakulinen, Juha P. Ahtiainen
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate whether periodising carbohydrate intake around specific training sessions will enhance endurance training adaptations. The results showed that periodised carbohydrate availability did not have any effect on substrate oxidation, but it seemed to enhance the capacity to perform high-intensity exercise.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel, Ashlyn K. Frazer, Annemarie Lee, Janne Avela, Jamie Tallent, Juha P. Ahtiainen, Alan J. Pearce, Dawson J. Kidgell
Summary: This meta-analysis found that young participants exhibited greater cross-transfer of ballistic motor performance compared to older participants following ballistic motor training. However, there were no significant age-related differences in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and surface electromyography (sEMG) for both hands following ballistic motor training.
JOURNAL OF MOTOR BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Keijo Hakkinen, Robert U. Newton, Simon Walker, Arja Hakkinen, Sonja Krapi, Rebekka Rekola, Paivi Koponen, William J. Kraemer, G. Gregory Haff, Anthony J. Blazevich, Kazunori Nosaka, Juha Ahtiainen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of upper body eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) strength training on young women. The results showed that both ECC and CON training led to an increase in maximal force, but decreased after detraining. ECC training increased isometric force and muscle cross-sectional area more than CON training. No changes were found in serum hormone concentrations, but baseline free testosterone levels correlated with changes in maximal force.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Earric Lee, Iiris Kolunsarka, Joel Kostensalo, Juha P. Ahtiainen, Eero A. Haapala, Peter Willeit, Setor K. Kunutsor, Jari A. Laukkanen
Summary: This study compared the effects of regular exercise and sauna bathing, as well as exercise alone, on cardiovascular adaptations. The results showed that sauna bathing combined with exercise had a greater impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY, INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ville Isola, Juha J. Hulmi, Pirita Petaejae, Eric R. Helms, Jari E. Karppinen, Juha P. Ahtiainen
Summary: This study investigated sex differences in body composition, resting energy expenditure, and hormonal changes among physique athletes during competition preparation. The results showed that both male and female athletes experienced decreases in fat mass and subcutaneous fat thickness, with males also losing lean mass. Weight loss, decreased energy intake, and increased aerobic exercise led to adaptive thermogenesis. Leptin levels decreased in both sexes, but more so in females due to higher baseline levels.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jaakko Mursu, Maija Ristimaki, Inga Malinen, Pirita Petaja, Ville Isola, Juha P. Ahtiainen, Juha J. Hulmi
Summary: This study examined the diet, hormones, amenorrhea, and bone mineral density of physique athletes and gym enthusiasts. The findings suggest that most athletes and enthusiasts meet the recommended dietary intakes and hormone levels, but maintaining very low body fat during the off-season may lead to menstrual disturbances.
Article
Cell Biology
Sira Karvinen, Tia-Marje Korhonen, Tero Sievanen, Jari E. Karppinen, Hanna-Kaarina Juppi, Veera Jakoaho, Urho M. Kujala, Jari A. Laukkanen, Maarit Lehti, Eija K. Laakkonen
Summary: Decreased systemic oestrogen levels have an impact on metabolic health, and the mechanisms behind this process are not fully understood. Both oestrogens and exercise have been shown to improve metabolic health, potentially through circulating microRNA signalling. Extracellular vesicles (EV) have gained attention in the field of tissue crosstalk, but the co-isolation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles with EVs has been overlooked in many studies, which may influence the results.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
J. H. Lautaoja, D. C. Turner, A. P. Sharples, R. Kivela, S. Pekkala, J. J. Hulmi, L. Yla-Outinen
Summary: The number of studies using skeletal muscle cell culture models to study exercise in vitro is increasing rapidly. Omics approaches, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been used to analyze the molecular responses to exercise mimicking stimuli in cultured myotubes. Electrical pulse stimulation and mechanical stretch are the most commonly used methods to mimic exercise in vitro. This mini-review provides an up-to-date overview of the 2-D and 3-D models and the use of omics approaches to study the molecular response to exercise in vitro.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vasco Fachada, Mika Silvennoinen, Ulla-Maria Sahinaho, Paavo Rahkila, Riikka Kivela, Juha J. Hulmi, Urho Kujala, Heikki Kainulainen
Summary: This study investigates the impact of physical activity and branched-chain amino acids on intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and their associated proteins. The results show that physical activity and BCAA availability affect the metabolism of muscle lipids and their associated proteins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jari E. Karppinen, Petri Wiklund, Johanna K. Ihalainen, Hanna-Kaarina Juppi, Ville Isola, Matti Hyvarinen, Essi K. Ahokas, Urho M. Kujala, Jari Laukkanen, Juha J. Hulmi, Juha P. Ahtiainen, Sulin Cheng, Eija K. Laakkonen
Summary: It is uncertain whether aging before late adulthood and menopause are associated with fat-free mass and fat mass-adjusted resting energy expenditure (REEadj). This study found that there is a significant difference in REEadj between middle-aged and younger women, as well as between middle-aged women with different menopausal statuses. The study also demonstrated that menopause may not contribute to the decline in REEadj in women.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marc Beltra, Noora Pollanen, Claudia Fornelli, Kialiina Tonttila, Myriam Y. Hsu, Sandra Zampieri, Lucia Moletta, Samantha Corra, Paolo E. Porporato, Riikka Kivelae, Carlo Viscomi, Marco Sandri, Juha J. Hulmi, Roberta Sartori, Eija Pirinen, Fabio Penna
Summary: NAD(+) loss is associated with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer hosts. Niacin supplementation improves mitochondrial metabolism and reduces muscle wasting in mouse models of cachexia. Downregulation of muscle NRK2 is correlated with metabolic abnormalities in cancer patients, highlighting the significance of NAD(+) in the pathophysiology of human cancer cachexia.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jukka E. Hintikka, Juha P. Ahtiainen, Perttu Permi, Sirpa Jalkanen, Marko Lehtonen, Satu Pekkala
Summary: Physical activity is crucial for weight management, overall health improvement, and reduction of obesity-related risks. Regular exercise not only affects systemic metabolism, but also enhances gut microbial diversity and the abundance of beneficial bacteria. In a study involving overweight individuals, metabolomic and gut microbiota analysis revealed significant correlations between exercise and serum/fecal metabolites and metabolic pathways, indicating increased lipid oxidation and oxidative stress. Moreover, exercise was associated with elevated levels of serum lyso-phosphatidylcholine and fecal glycerophosphocholine, as well as various microbial metagenome pathways and the presence of Akkermansia. This study demonstrates that aerobic exercise can induce metabolic shifts that benefit the gut microbiota in overweight individuals, even in the absence of changes in body composition.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olexander M. Semenenko, Victoria V. Lipson, Alina O. Sadchenko, Olga V. Vashchenko, Natalia A. Kasian, Liliia Sviechnikova, Longin M. Lisetski, Mykola L. Babak, Volodymyr M. Vakula, Oleksandr Borysov, Yuliia Holota, Sergey O. Zozulya, Petro O. Borysko, Olexander Mazepa
Summary: An efficient protocol for the synthesis of novel methotrexate-betulonic acid hybrids has been developed and their structures and properties have been fully established. The hybrids showed inferior interactions with artificial lipid membranes, possibly due to their increasing lipophilicity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohadese Yaghoobi Anzabi, Piotr Cmoch, Roman Luboradzki, Zbigniew Pakulski
Summary: Friedelin and 3-acetoxyfriedel-3-en-2-one, known as friedelane triterpenoids, have been isolated from cork smoker wash solids and used as starting materials for the synthesis of new friedelane derivatives. Reduction reactions result in the formation of friedelinol and epi-cerin derivatives.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Detlef Thieme, Aniko Krumbholz, Martin Bidlingmaier, Christoph Geffert, Annika Hameder, Andreas Stoever, Matthias Graw, Annekathrin M. Keiler
Summary: Ethanol can affect testosterone metabolism and potentially influence steroid biosynthesis and blood steroid profiles. The study emphasizes the importance of sufficient time interval from food and ethanol intake during blood sampling, particularly for diagnostics in doping control.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masanobu Murao, Tetsuo Imano, Yoshinobu Sato, Masaaki Nakajima
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jingyuan Wang, Ye Feng, Brian Liu, Wen Xie
Summary: Sulfation and desulfation of steroids are opposing processes that regulate steroid homeostasis and are involved in steroid-related diseases. Cytosolic sulfotransferase and steroid sulfatase modify and regulate steroids to affect hormonal dysregulation, metabolic diseases, and cancer.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noah K. Babel, Brian J. Feldman
Summary: Our research identified a previously unrecognized ADAMTS1-PTN-Wnt pathway in regulating adipose precursor cell behavior. The non-muscle myosin protein MYH9 was found to be a key target of this pathway for modulating adipogenesis. These findings offer potential for developing novel therapeutics for obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martiniano Bello
Summary: This study explores the structural and thermodynamic basis of molecular recognition between ERβ and DPN and its derivatives using molecular dynamics simulations and end-point methods. The results show that the MMGBSA approach is able to reproduce experimental trends and identify eight residues that strongly interact with the ligands.
