Article
Immunology
Xi Jin, Zhongyu Jian, Xiaoting Chen, Yucheng Ma, Hongwen Ma, Yu Liu, Lina Gong, Liyuan Xiang, Shiyu Zhu, Xiaoling Shu, Shiqian Qi, Hong Li, Kunjie Wang
Summary: This study investigated the immunomodulatory role of SCFAs in the formation of CaOx kidney stones, revealing that SCFAs reduce stone formation by altering the frequency of immune cell subtypes in the kidney. The findings demonstrate a unique trilateral relationship among SCFAs, immune cells, and the kidneys during CaOx formation, suggesting potential use of SCFAs in immunotherapy to prevent kidney stones in the future.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bi-Oh Park, Seong Heon Kim, Jong Hwan Kim, Seon-Young Kim, Byoung Chul Park, Sang-Bae Han, Sung Goo Park, Jeong-Hoon Kim, Sunhong Kim
Summary: GPR43, also known as FFAR2 or FFA2, is a G-protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in immune cells, enteroendocrine cells, and adipocytes. It recognizes short-chain fatty acids and may play a role in innate immunity and host energy homeostasis. Activation of GPR43 can affect cAMP levels and Ca2+ flux through coupling to G alpha and G alpha(q) families for signal transduction.
MOLECULES AND CELLS
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Xuan Jiang, Ying Zhang, Huaxing Zhang, Xiaoguang Zhang, Xiaopeng Yin, Fang Yuan, Sheng Wang, Yanming Tian
Summary: This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of acetate, a short-chain fatty acid, on myocardial contraction. It was found that acetate transiently inhibits contraction via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43 in rat cardiomyocytes.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nongluk Saikachain, Titiwat Sungkaworn, Chatchai Muanprasat, Nithi Asavapanumas
Summary: A neurodegenerative disorder causes degeneration of neurons, leading to cognitive impairment and movement disorders. Short-chain fatty acids produced by gut bacteria might have a beneficial effect in these disorders. Activating GPR43 protects neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell damage.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Razan Teyani, Nader H. Moniri
Summary: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are synthesized by gastrointestinal microbiota through fermentation of polysaccharides and have wide-ranging effects on various tissues, including pancreatic islets. The discovery of SCFA receptors FFA2/GPR43 and FFA3/GPR41 has suggested that many of the functional outcomes of SCFAs are mediated through these receptors. These receptors are expressed on β-cells and regulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion, making them potential targets for treating diabetes and metabolic disorders. However, there are conflicting findings and controversy regarding the specific functions of SCFAs on β-cells through the FFA2 and FFA3 receptors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Katja Schlatterer, Christian Beck, Ulrich Schoppmeier, Andreas Peschel, Dorothee Kretschmer
Summary: Acetate can prime neutrophils through GPR43, enhancing pathogen clearance and improving the course of sepsis. Therapeutic interventions based on GPR43 stimulation could be valuable in reducing sepsis-associated mortality.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hongsen Liao, Haojia Li, Hongguang Bao, Li Jiang, Jiayue Du, Yaoyi Guo, Yanna Si
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the changes in fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content and gut microbiota composition in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) mice, as well as the effects of SCFAs on cognitive function and its underlying mechanism. The results showed that the levels of acetic acid and propionic acid were decreased in the SAE mice, along with dysbiosis of gut microbiota and a decrease in SCFAs-producing bacteria. SCFAs administration alleviated cognitive impairment and reduced neuroinflammation in SAE mice, with GPR43 playing a crucial role in these effects.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ichiro Yamamoto, Koh Kawasumi, Kozo Ohkusu-Tsukada, Toshiro Arai
Summary: The study characterized FFAR2 and FFAR3 in domestic cats, revealing their high homology with other mammalian species. Results showed that these receptors are functional proteins expressed in cat tissues with differential distribution patterns. The activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells-luciferase reporter was observed only in cat FFAR2 transfected cells, indicating distinct functions between FFAR2 and FFAR3.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sosuke Miyasato, Kurumi Iwata, Reika Mura, Shou Nakamura, Keisuke Yanagida, Hideo Shindou, Yosuke Nagata, Masahiro Kawahara, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Junken Aoki, Asuka Inoue, Teruyuki Nagamune, Takao Shimizu, Motonao Nakamura
Summary: GPR43 and GPR41 are G protein-coupled receptors activated by short-chain fatty acids and their expression is enhanced in human blood cells and leukemia cell lines. GPR43 is constitutively active and coupled with G alpha(i) and G alpha(12/13). Enhanced GPR43 expression leads to growth arrest in HL-60 cells through G alpha(12/13), and blocking GPR43 activity impairs cell adhesion. These results suggest that GPR43 is crucial for growth arrest and differentiation of leukocytes.
Review
Immunology
Xiao-feng Liu, Jia-hao Shao, Yi-Tao Liao, Li-Ning Wang, Yuan Jia, Peng-jun Dong, Zhi-zhong Liu, Dan-dan He, Chao Li, Xian Zhang
Summary: A growing body of research highlights the crucial role that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play in the health of symbiotes through regulating cell types and processes such as metabolism, intestinal function, and immune function. SCFAs also have an impact on the immune response and the regulatory role of SCFAs in the immune system is becoming increasingly clear. This review summarizes the mechanisms through which SCFAs act in cells and emphasizes their role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as their effect on allergic airway inflammation, colitis, and osteoporosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Peng Yu, Menghan Wu, Wanyin Bao, Hui Wang
Summary: In this study, three different inoculants (active sludge, pit mud and mixture of sludge and pit mud) were used to produce medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) from food waste with ethanol as electron donor. The results showed that the mixed inoculum of sludge and pit mud produced the highest MCFA concentration. Microbial community analysis revealed the key genera involved in MCFA production. Metagenomic analysis identified the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway as the main pathway for MCFA synthesis. Overall, this study provides new strategies and insights for MCFA production.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrew N. Carley, Santosh K. Maurya, Matthew Fasano, Yang Wang, Craig H. Selzman, Stavros G. Drakos, E. Douglas Lewandowski
Summary: The study revealed that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are oxidized more readily than ketones in failing hearts, serving as a potential unexplored carbon source for energy production. Despite both SCFAs and ketones bypassing reduced CPT1 activity, SCFAs show higher oxidation rates and may represent a promising alternative energy substrate for failing hearts.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jerusa Brignardello, Sofia Fountana, Joram Matthias Posma, Edward S. Chambers, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Julien Wist, Gary Frost, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Elaine Holmes
Summary: This study investigated the temporal changes in SCFA concentrations in response to two contrasting diets using a novel GC-MS method. The results showed that the unhealthy diet was associated with lower concentrations of certain SCFAs and higher concentrations of lactic acid. The study highlighted the importance of standardizing the timing of SCFA measurements in dietary studies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yoonhwa Shin, Sunhee Han, Juhui Kwon, Songhyun Ju, Tae Gyu Choi, Insug Kang, Sung Soo Kim
Summary: The gut microbiome and its product, short-chain fatty acids, play crucial roles in human health and are closely associated with metabolic disorders and inflammation-related diseases. Studying the impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on inflammatory bowel disease is of great importance.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jasmin Ballout, Yasutada Akiba, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Martin Diener
Summary: The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by microbial fermentation of carbohydrates are important energy substrates for mammals. In the rat caecum, propionate was found to be the most efficient SCFA in inducing anion secretion, and the FFA2 and FFA3 receptors were confirmed to be expressed in different cell types within the caecal epithelium.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Zhiwei Ang, Jeak Ling Ding
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiwei Ang, Ding Xiong, Min Wu, Jeak Ling Ding
Article
Immunology
Jing Zhang, Lifeng Yang, Zhiwei Ang, Sia Lee Yoong, Thi Thu Thuy Tran, Ganesh Srinivasan Anand, Nguan Soon Tan, Bow Ho, Jeak Ling Ding
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2010)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Diana Hooi Ping Low, Zhiwei Ang, Quan Yuan, Vladimir Frecer, Bow Ho, Jianzhu Chen, Jeak Ling Ding
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhiwei Ang, Jun Zhi Er, Nguan Soon Tan, Jinhua Lu, Yih-Cherng Liou, Johannes Grosse, Jeak Ling Ding
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2016)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun Zhi Er, Ricky Abdi Gunawan Koean, Jeak Ling Ding
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhiwei Ang, Ricky Abdi Gunawan Koean, Jun Zhi Er, Li Ting Lee, John Kit Chung Tam, Huili Guo, Jeak Ling Ding
Article
Cell Biology
Qing Wei Winnie Choo, Ricky Abdi Gunawan Koean, Shu-Chun Chang, Wee Joo Chng, Ming Chun Chan, Wilson Wang, Jun Zhi Er, Jeak Ling Ding
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2020)