Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Nooshin Ghassab, Ahmad Soleymanpour, Bita Shafaatian
Summary: A recently synthesized Schiff base complex of nickel ion showed potential as an ion carrier in carbon paste matrix, with excellent selectivity and detection limit for sulfate ion determination.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ademar Wong, Andy Cardenas Riojas, Angelica M. Baena-Moncada, Maria D. P. T. Sotomayor
Summary: The study successfully determined dipyrone and codeine simultaneously using a modified CBPE sensor, which exhibited excellent electrochemical catalysis performance.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fariba Garkani Nejad, Hadi Beitollahi, Iran Sheikhshoaie
Summary: A simple strategy was proposed for the analysis of catechol using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with a graphene oxide-third generation of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (GO/G3-PAMAM) nanocomposite and ionic liquid (IL). The synthesized GO-PAMAM nanocomposite was confirmed using various techniques. The modified electrode (GO-PAMAM/ILCPE) showed improved performance in detecting catechol compared to an unmodified CPE. The GO-PAMAM/ILCPE sensor exhibited a lower limit of detection (LOD) and a linear response range for quantitative measurement of catechol in aqueous solutions, and it also had the ability to simultaneously determine catechol and resorcinol with the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The GO-PAMAM/ILCPE sensor was successfully used to detect catechol and resorcinol in water samples with high recoveries and low relative standard deviations (RSDs).
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohan Kumar, B. E. Kumara Swamy, Bin Hu, Miao Wang, Ghulam Yasin, Baiyao Liang, H. D. Madhuchandra, Wei Zhao
Summary: The study successfully prepared a copper oxide decorated graphene oxide nanocomposite and applied it to modify a carbon paste electrode, achieving excellent electrochemical response through electrochemical activation for simultaneous determination of three di-hydroxybenzene isomers, with good detection results in lake water.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Santhy Antherjanam, Beena Saraswathyamma
Summary: This study focuses on the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor using a modified pencil graphite electrode for simultaneous determination of hydrazine and hydroxylamine, showing a wider linear range and lower detection limits than reported literature for both analytes.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Guilherme Vieira Lima, Lucas dos Santos Mello, Edward Ralph Dockal, Marcelo Firmino de Oliveira
Summary: This study describes two electroanalytical methods using a chemically modified carbon paste electrode to achieve ethanol oxidation. The methods, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (AMP), were conducted in an aqueous medium with 1.0 mol L-1 NaOH as the supporting electrolyte. The chemically modified electrode showed good amperometric sensitivity for the ethanol oxidation reaction.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
A. Ambika, N. Navya, S. R. Kiran Kumar, B. L. Suresha
Summary: The central theme of this work is the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes using the chemical vapor deposition method. The synthesized nanotubes were characterized using X-ray diffraction, SEM, HR-TEM, and EDAX. A novel electrochemical sensor was designed using the single-walled carbon nanotubes, and it showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the detection of paracetamol.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yi Zhang, Zongyi You, Liangliang Liu, Shengwen Duan, Aiping Xiao
Summary: A portable sensor for the detection of synephrine was developed using a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with graphene and UiO-66 composites. The sensor exhibited good detection sensitivity and a wide linear range, as well as excellent reproducibility and stability.
CURRENT RESEARCH IN FOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ke Zhao, Liya Ge, Ten It Wong, Xiaodong Zhou, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: The study developed a novel electrochemical sensor array for simultaneous detection of Cr(VI) and Cr(III), which was successfully applied for monitoring in tap water and chromium-containing wastewater treatment process.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
J. L. Nikhil, J. G. Manjunatha, N. Hareesha, B. Kanthappa, C. S. Karthik, P. Mallu, Zeid A. ALOthman
Summary: This study presents the analysis of electrochemical behavior of methyl orange (MO) with phosphate buffer solution in natural water sample using a carbon paste electrode modified with L-serine (LS). The modified electrode showed intensified electrochemical activity for the oxidation of MO, with 1.5-fold enhancement compared to the unmodified electrode. The results suggest that the PLSMCPE has potential for use in environmental monitoring and water quality analysis applications.
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Gizaw Tesfaye, Negussie Negash, Merid Tessema
Summary: A simple, low cost and stable electrochemical sensor for vanillin was developed using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a poly (phenylalanine) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide composite. The sensor exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of vanillin, and was successfully applied for the determination of vanillin in food and soft drink samples.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ionela Raluca Comnea-Stancu, Jacobus (Koos) Frederick van Staden, Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden, Razvan Niculae State
Summary: A polymer-based carbon paste electrode was constructed using electropolymerized Alizarin Red S (ARS) film on the surface of the carbon paste electrode (CPE). The electrode's electrochemical properties were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and its physical morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimized electropolymerization cycles and supporting electrolyte resulted in the ability of poly-ARS/CPE to generate clear and distinguishable oxidation peaks for anthracene (ANT) and phenanthrene (PHE) during square wave voltammetry (SWV) in the presence of 0.1 M LiClO4 as a supporting electrolyte. The poly-ARS/CPE was successfully used for the detection of ANT and PHE in various water samples, demonstrating its selectivity, stability, and reproducibility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Milad Nazari Haghighi, Ahmad Soleymanpour
Summary: This study describes a new potentiometric carbon paste sensor for the measurement of propranolol, which has the advantages of fast, easy and selective detection. The sensor utilizes the propranolol-tungstosilicate ion association as an excellent ionophore in the carbon paste matrix. It exhibits a high sensitivity and selectivity for propranolol over a wide concentration range, along with a fast response time, good reproducibility, and long lifetime. The sensor is also successfully applied to the analysis of propranolol in biological and pharmaceutical samples, and the formation constant of the inclusion complex between propranolol and β-cyclodextrin is determined.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Huizhen Deng, Jie Zhao, Shifan Zhao, Shuai Jiang, Guofeng Cui
Summary: This study introduces a novel graphene-based electrochemical flow analysis device (GEFAD) for simultaneous detection of depression-related biomolecules. The device shows high selectivity and sensitivity, good anti-interference ability, and satisfactory reproducibility. It offers promising prospects for the development of portable biomolecules detection devices.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gustavo Murilo Alves, Jose Luiz da Silva, Nelson Ramos Stradiotto
Summary: This paper presents the development and application of a citrus pectin-modified carbon paste electrode for the electrochemical detection of copper in biofuel. The sensor showed enhanced current response and excellent performance characteristics, making it a reliable tool for quality control in commercial bioethanol production.
Article
Electrochemistry
Somaye Ebrahimi, Abbas Afkhami, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Zahra Amouzegar
Summary: Heteroatom-doped carbon nitride (C3N4) materials were investigated as supports for Au nanoparticles, which were anchored on sulfur-doped carbon nitride nanosheets (AuNPs@SCNN) and used as a catalyst for arsenic electroreduction. The synthesis of novel SCNN was achieved through a simple thermally induced copolymerization route using ammonium persulfate (APS) as a sulfur source. The integration of SCNN with AuNPs improved the assembly quality and interface, leading to enhanced catalytic activity. The composite (AuNPs@SCNN/GCE) modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited enhanced electrochemical responses for the electrocatalytic reduction of arsenic.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Rasoul Gheitaran, Abbas Afkhami, Tayyebeh Madrakian
Summary: The mechanism of the inner filter effect (IFE) can be effectively utilized in the design of innovative IFE-based sensors using resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) technique. Silver nanocubes (Ag NCs) with tunable extinction spectra were employed as RRS probes, and three typical analytes, doxorubicin (DOX), sunitinib (SUN), and Alizarin Red S (ARS), were considered. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the newly developed IFE mechanism as an attractive analytical technique for measuring different analytes.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hosein Khoshsafar, Hasan Bagheri, Pegah Hashemi, Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Abbas Afkhami
Summary: In this study, the detection of tryptophan enantiomers was achieved using immunochromatographic assays and electrochemical methods. The sensor response showed a good linear relationship with tryptophan concentration in the range of 0.08-20.0 μM, with a detection limit of 0.03 μM. The sensor is stable and not susceptible to interfering species, making it a reliable tool for determining tryptophan levels in biological samples and diagnosing specific diseases.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ali Khodadoust, Navid Nasirizadeh, Seyed Morteza Seyfati, Ramezan Ali Taheri, Mostafa Ghanei, Hasan Bagheri
Summary: In this study, a novel nano-biosensor has been developed using dual signal-labeled hairpin-structured DNA-based probes. The biosensor can sensitively and simultaneously detect miRNA-141 and miRNA-21, and it is resistant to interference from environmental factors.
Article
Electrochemistry
Samaneh Hashemi, Abbas Afkhami, Mahdie Kamalabadi, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Arash Ghoorchian, Vahid Ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi
Summary: We reported a novel electrochemical sensor for the indirect determination of cyanuric acid (CA) using the complex formation between CA and melamine (MEL) for the first time. The sensor utilized the electrochemical conversion of MEL to electroactive polymelamine, with the decline in current intensity upon the addition of CA serving as the sensor response. A calibration curve was constructed using square wave voltammetry, with a limit of detection of 80.28 mu mol L-1. The proposed method showed excellent recovery range (91.2-101.0%) for real sample analysis.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohadese Mahdian, Soheila Akbari Asrari, Mazaher Ahmadi, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Nahid Rezvani Jalal, Abbas Afkhami, Mohammadreza Moradi, Leila Gholami
Summary: We report on the synthesis and characterization of a dual stimuli-responsive hydrogel for pH and temperature-sensitive delivery of curcumin (CUR) anticancer drug. The release of CUR from the hydrogel was higher at acidic pH values, and the hydrogel remained stable at 37 degrees C. To enable thermal responsivity, polydopamine nanoparticles were embedded in the hydrogel. The GGPDNCs hydrogel is engineered to respond to both pH and temperature stimuli.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Soroush Khamoushian, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Abbas Afkhami, Arash Ghoorchian, Saeid Ghavami, Kamran Tari, Mohammad Reza Samarghandi
Summary: This study introduces deep eutectic solvent (DESs) as novel chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) for transdermal iontophoresis (IP) delivery of insulin (INS) across rat skin, both in vitro and in vivo.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohammad Reza Jalali Sarvestani, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Abbas Afkhami, Beheshteh Ajdari
Summary: In this research, the complexation of a newly synthesized covalent organic framework (schiff base network1) with different cations, including Hg2+, was studied. The results showed that schiff base network1 had a stronger interaction with Hg2+ compared to other cations, making it a potential ionophore for the development of a Hg2+ potentiometric sensor. A Hg2+ selective PVC membrane coated graphite electrode was successfully created using schiff base network1, which exhibited excellent response and sensitivity for the detection of Hg2+ in a wide range of concentrations. The electrode also demonstrated good performance in non-aqueous environments and had a long lifespan.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Morteza Soltani-Shahrivar, Abbas Afkhami, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Nahid Rezavani Jalal
Summary: In this study, an inexpensive, simple, sensitive, and selective electrochemical TNT sensor was designed and constructed based on the formation of a Meisenheimer complex between magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with aminopropyl triethoxysilane (MMWCNTs @ APTES) and TNT. The sensor was able to accurately measure TNT in various water samples.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mohammad Reza Jalali Sarvestani, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Abbas Afkhami
Summary: A composite of silver nanoparticle-embedded covalent organic framework (Ag@COF) was synthesized and characterized. It was used as an electrocatalytic modifier for sensitive and selective detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+. The optimized electrochemical sensor showed linear response over a wide concentration range and low detection limits for both Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. It was successfully applied to determine these ions in different edible specimens.
JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Ali Zarrabi, David Perrin, Mahboubeh Kavoosi, Micah Sommer, Serap Sezen, Parvaneh Mehrbod, Bhavya Bhushan, Filip Machaj, Jakub Rosik, Philip Kawalec, Saba Afifi, Seyed Mohammadreza Bolandi, Peiman Koleini, Mohsen Taheri, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Marek J. Los, Benjamin Lindsey, Nilufer Cakir, Atefeh Zarepour, Kiavash Hushmandi, Ali Fallah, Bahattin Koc, Arezoo Khosravi, Mazaher Ahmadi, Susan Logue, Gorka Orive, Stevan Pecic, Joseph W. Gordon, Saeid Ghavami
Summary: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare cancer that affects skeletal muscle, primarily in children and young adults. The treatment strategies for this disease include multi-agent chemotherapies following surgical resection and radiotherapy. This review provides a detailed clinical understanding of rhabdomyosarcoma, including its classification, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. The impact of apoptosis, macro-autophagy, and the unfolded protein response on chemotherapy response is discussed. Additionally, the use of in vivo mouse and zebrafish models and in vitro three-dimensional bioengineering models for screening future therapeutic approaches and promoting muscle regeneration is explored.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mengmeng Guo, Na Luo, Yueling Bai, Zhenggang Xue, Qingmin Hu, Jiaqiang Xu
Summary: A porous heterostructure WO3-C/In2O3 was designed and prepared for a miniature H2 sensor, which showed higher response value, lower operating temperature, fast response-recovery speed, and low limit of detection.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Feng Hu, Hui Hu, Yuting Li, Xiaohui Wang, Xiaowen Shi
Summary: Arsenic contamination in water bodies is a significant health risk. This study developed a chitosan-catechol modified electrode for rapid and accurate detection of trace amounts of arsenic. The modified electrode demonstrated good detection capability and resistance to ionic interference, making it suitable for in situ detection.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yantao Zhang, Qian Liu, Tao Tian, Chunhua Xu, Pengli Yang, Lianju Ma, Yi Hou, Hui Zhou, Yongjun Gan
Summary: In this study, a lysosome-targeting buffering fluorogenic probe (Lyso-BFP) was designed and synthesized, demonstrating excellent photostability, pH specificity, and responsiveness to lysosomal acidification in living cells. The performance of Lyso-BFP in pH sensing was attributed to the inhibition of the photo-induced electron transfer process. Lyso-BFP allowed for wash-free imaging and long-term real-time monitoring of lysosome pH changes based on its off-on fluorescence behavior and buffer strategy.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wei Cai, Wenbo Sun, Jiayue Wang, Xiaokui Huo, Xudong Cao, Xiangge Tian, Xiaochi Ma, Lei Feng
Summary: In this study, a near-infrared fluorescent probe HCBG was developed for imaging of alpha-GLC. HCBG exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards alpha-GLC in complex bio-samples, and showed good cell permeability for in situ real-time imaging. Through the high-throughput screening system established by HCBG, a natural alpha-GLC inhibitor was successfully isolated and identified. This study provides a novel fluorescence visualization tool for discovering and exploring the biological functions of diabetes-related gut microbiota, and a high-throughput screening approach for alpha-GLC inhibitor.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Trey W. Pittman, Xi Zhang, Chamindie Punyadeera, Charles S. Henry
Summary: Heart failure is a growing epidemic and a significant clinical and public health problem. Researchers have developed a portable and affordable diagnostic device for heart failure that can be used at the point-of-care, providing a valid alternative to current diagnostics approaches.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anders O. Tjell, Barbara Jud, Roland Schaller-Ammann, Torsten Mayr
Summary: An optical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on catalytic degradation and the detection of produced oxygen is presented. The sensor offers higher resolution and better sensitivity at lower H2O2 concentrations. By removing O2 from the sample solution, a more sensitive O2 sensor can be used for measurement. The sensor has been successfully applied in a flow-through cell to measure H2O2 concentration in different flow rates.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Seong Jae Kim, Ji-hun Jeong, Gaabhin Ryu, Yoon Sick Eom, Sanha Kim
Summary: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a high-sensitivity, label-free detection method with various analytical applications. Researchers have developed a hydrophobic SERS substrate based on engineered carbon nanotube arrays (CNT-SERS) and studied the role of structural design at both micro and nanoscales. The substrate demonstrated controlled self-enrichment capability and enhanced sensitivity, with a significant increase in the SERS signal. The study also proposed a theoretical model and a concentration strategy inspired by plants for analyte deposition on microarrays.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dan Zhao, Renjun Jiang, Xiaoqiang Liu, Subbiah Alwarappan
Summary: In this study, a novel ternary composite material was constructed by assembling cerium vanadate nanorods on reduced graphene oxide-microcrystalline cellulose nanosheets, and it was used for real-time monitoring of the concentration of superoxide anions in vivo. The ternary composite showed excellent conductivity, large surface area, and abundant active sites, leading to a wider linear range, high sensitivity, low detection limit, and fast response time for superoxide anion detection.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tengfei Wang, Liwen Wang, Guang Wu, Dating Tian
Summary: In this study, a covalent organic framework material TaTp-COF with porous and uniform spheres was successfully prepared via hydrothermal reaction, and it was found to significantly enhance the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of berberine. The unique emission properties of berberine on TaTp-COF were studied and utilized for the sensitive detection of berberine.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lin Li, Yilei Ding, Lei Xu, Shuoran Chen, Guoliang Dai, Pengju Han, Lixin Lu, Changqing Ye, Yanlin Song
Summary: In this study, a novel TTI based on a ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor is designed, which has the advantages of high accuracy and low cost. Experimental and theoretical investigations confirm its pH responsiveness and demonstrate its good sensitivity and reliability. By monitoring the total volatile basic nitrogen, this TTI can accurately predict food spoilage and can be adaptively modified for different types of food. The TTI based on this nanosensor enables visual monitoring of food quality.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fangju Chen, Xueting Wang, Wei Chen, Chenwen Shao, Yong Qian
Summary: Lung cancer is the second most common malignant tumor worldwide. Drug resistance in lung cancer leads to treatment failure and recurrence in majority of patients. This study developed a fluorescent prodrug that can be activated in cancer cells to release drugs, and its signal can be tracked by imaging. It shows a unique autophagy-driven ferroptosis effect, indicating its potential for targeting drug-resistant cancer cells.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Weichao Li, Qiming Yuan, Zhangcheng Xia, Xiaoxue Ma, Lifang He, Ling Jin, Xiangfeng Chu, Kui Zhang
Summary: This study developed a high-performance gas sensor for formaldehyde detection by modifying ZnSnO3 with ZnO QDs and SnO2 QDs. The modified sensor showed improved sensing response and lower working temperature. The presence of ZnO QDs formed rich heterojunctions, increased surface area, and provided oxygen deficiency for formaldehyde sensing reaction, thus enhancing the sensor performance. This research provides an alternative method to enhance the sensing properties of MOS by QDs modification.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Joung-Il Moon, Eun Jung Choi, Younju Joung, Jin-Woo Oh, Sang-Woo Joo, Jaebum Choo
Summary: A novel nanoplasmonic substrate was developed for biomedical applications, which showed strong hot spots for detecting biomarkers at low concentrations. The substrate, called AuNPs@M13, was made by immobilizing 60 nm gold nanoparticles onto the surface of an M13 bacteriophage scaffold. It demonstrated higher sensitivity and lower limit of detection compared to commercially available assays.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ning Li, Ya Zhang, Ying Xu, Xiaofang Liu, Jian Chen, Mei Yang, Changjun Hou, Danqun Huo
Summary: The molecular subtype of breast cancer guides treatment and drug selection. Invasive tests can promote cancer cell metastasis, so the development of high-performance, low-cost diagnostic tools for cancer prognosis is crucial. Liquid biopsy techniques enable noninvasive, real-time, dynamic, multicomponent, quantitative, and long-term observations at the cellular, genetic, and molecular levels. A Cu-Zr metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoenzyme with monatomic Cu attachment has been synthesized and proven to have high catalytic performance. The sensor constructed using this nanoenzyme shows potential for accurate classification of breast cancer serum samples.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jeongmin Kim, Hyemin Kim, Seunghyun Park, Hyeonaug Hong, Yong Jae Kim, Jiyong Lee, Jaeho Kim, Seung-Woo Cho, Wonhyoung Ryu
Summary: This study presents a method to fabricate independently functioning microneedle (MN) electrodes with narrow intervals for high precision electrochemical sensing. The optimized mixture of photocurable polymer and single-wall carbon nanotubes was used to mold single composite MNs, which were then attached to pre-patterned electrodes. Plasma etching and electropolymerization were performed to enhance the electrochemical activity, and Prussian blue and glucose oxidase were electrodeposited on the MNs for glucose detection. The MN electrodes showed good sensitivity and linearity, and the feasibility of glucose detection was demonstrated in an in vivo mouse study.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
