期刊
SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY
卷 38, 期 4, 页码 201-204出版社
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2014.04.005
关键词
Shoulder dystocia; Complications of pregnancy; Brachial plexus injury; Neonatal encepholapathy
Complications of shoulder dystocia are divided into fetal and maternal. Fetal brachial plexus injury (BPI) is the most common fetal complication occurring in 4-40% of cases. BPI has also been reported in abdominal deliveries and in deliveries not complicated by shoulder dystocia. Fractures of the fetal humerus and clavicle occur in about 10.6% of cases of shoulder dystocia and usually heal with no sequel. Hypoxic ischemic brain injury is reported in 0.5-23% of cases of shoulder dystocia. The risk correlates with the duration of head-to-body delivery and is especially increased when the duration is >5 min. Fetal death is rare and is reported in 0.4% of cases. Maternal complications of shoulder dystocia include post-partum hemorrhage, vaginal lacerations, anal tears, and uterine rupture. The psychological stress impact of shoulder dystocia is under-recognized and deserves counseling prior to home discharge. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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