Trapping phenomena in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs: a study based on pulsed and transient measurements

Slow trapping phenomenon in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has been extensively analyzed and described in this paper. Thanks to a detailed investigation, based on a combined pulsed and transient investigation of the current/voltage characteristics (carried out over on an 8-decade time scale), we report a detailed description of the properties of trap levels located in the gate-drain surface, and in the region under the gate of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. More specifically, the following, relevant results have been identified: (i) the presence of surface trap states may determine a significant current collapse, and reduction of the peak transconductance. During a current transient measurement, the emission of electrons trapped at surface states proceeds through hopping, as demonstrated by means of temperature-dependent measurements. The activation energy of the de-trapping process is equal to 99 meV. (ii) The presence of a high density of defects under the gate may induce a significant shift in the threshold voltage, when devices are submitted to pulsed transconductance measurements. The traps responsible for this process have an activation energy of 0.63 eV, and are detected only on samples with high gate leakage, since gate current allows for a more effective charging/de-charging of the defects.