Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
B. Lahmann, M. Gatu Johnson, J. A. Frenje, A. J. Birkel, P. J. Adrian, N. Kabadi, J. H. Kunimune, T. M. Johnson, J. A. Pearcy, B. L. Reichelt, F. H. Seguin, G. Sutcliffe, R. D. Petrasso
Summary: New designs and a new analysis technique have been developed for an existing compact charged-particle spectrometer on the NIF and OMEGA, extending its diagnostic capabilities. The new analysis technique allows for the measurement of arbitrarily shaped ion spectra down to 1 MeV with yields as low as 10(6). Three different optimized designs are provided for measuring DD protons, (THe)-He-3 deuterons, and (HeHe)-He-3-He-3 protons, with a generalized framework for customization and alternative applications. The understanding of the detector's response and uncertainties has been greatly expanded upon, along with the development of a new calibration procedure to increase measurement precision.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
F. Tarkanyi, A. Hermanne, A. Ignatyuk, S. Takacs, R. Capote
Summary: The IAEA Nuclear Data Section has established a database for recommended cross sections and nuclear decay data important for medical radionuclide production. Updated evaluations with uncertainty quantification for 25 reactions relevant for the production of therapeutic radioisotopes are provided.
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
B. Kaizer, A. Barak, Y. Buzaglo, H. Dafna, E. Farber, I. Gavish, N. Goldberger, A. Kreisel, H. Pami, A. Perry, J. Rodnizki, E. Reinfeld, N. Tamim, T. Zchut, R. Weissa, L. Weissmana
Summary: This article presents the upgrades and improvements of the crucial part of the SARAF injector, RFQ, as well as the results of recent conditioning campaigns.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
G. Birkenmeier, J. Galdon-Quiroga, V. Olevskaia, P. Oyola, J. J. Toledo-Garrido, K. Bald, M. Sochor, G. Anda, S. Zoletnik, A. Herrmann, V. Rohde, M. Teschke, L. Giannone, T. Lunt, E. Viezzer, M. Garcia-Munoz
Summary: The imaging heavy ion beam probe (i-HIBP) is a new diagnostic concept used to obtain two-dimensional information about the plasma edge, requiring further technological developments for implementation at AUG. Experimental studies on a new type of cesium source and scintillator material have significant impacts on system performance.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Z. C. Yang, M. Jiang, Z. B. Shi, W. L. Zhong, P. W. Shi, Y. Liu, J. Wen, K. R. Fang
Summary: Two dynamic calibration methods for VCO were proposed to reduce measurement error due to high sweep rate, and the control waveform of VCOs were redesigned to improve efficiency and accuracy. The sweep/dead time has been shortened and the detection location accuracy has been significantly improved, demonstrating the capability of the upgraded reflectometer.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
D. Hachmeister, C. Silva, J. Santos, G. D. Conway, L. Gil, A. Silva, U. Stroth, J. Vicente, E. Wolfrum
Summary: This study investigates whether the high-field side high-density region at ASDEX Upgrade leads to hollow density profiles. Experimental evidence and simulations suggest that this phenomenon does result in hollow density profiles, with the possibility of overestimation of density in the confined region.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Varsha, R. L. Tanna, R. Jayesh, N. Umesh, S. Praveena, S. K. Pathak
Summary: Instrumentation and characterization techniques have been developed for a 16-channel radiometer system to obtain localized electron cyclotron emission measurements at Aditya-Upgrade tokamak. Using a fixed frequency wideband intermediate frequency receiver can improve the measurement range, providing better signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
J. Hidalgo-Salaverri, J. Gonzalez-Martin, J. Ayllon-Guerola, M. Garcia-Munoz, B. Sieglin, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Silvagni, E. Viezzer, J. Rueda-Rueda, T. Lunt, A. Herrmann
Summary: A real-time control system is being developed for a magnetically driven Fast-Ion Loss Detector (FILD) to adjust the insertion of the diagnostic head in response to temperature changes, plasma position, and MHD instabilities. The study assesses the temperature and thermal induced stress distribution on the probe head and identifies the graphite sublimation temperature as the limiting factor.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Lukes, J. Horacek, V. Veselovsky, P. Vondracek, D. Sestak, J. Adamek, V. Weinzettl, I. Duran
Summary: The three new in-vessel manipulators are designed to meet the challenges of high vessel temperature and heat flux density by enabling deep reciprocation of electrostatic probes near the separatrix, for studying plasma divertor detachment and liquid metal vapor transport.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
W. Xinyi, S. Liang, Z. Mei, L. Yang, Z. Yanhong, G. Jianpeng, Z. Jizhen, L. Yongtang, C. Ziwei, J. Yuan, Z. Qingmin
Summary: Qin-1 is a Z-pinch pulse power generator. A two-axis temporal-spatial resolution XUV/SR imaging system has been developed for diagnostic requirements of its wire array Z-pinch. The system can synchronously diagnose plasma with a time resolution of 3 ns and a spatial resolution of 51 μm.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Jaewoong Jang, Hidetoshi Kikunaga, Shun Sekimoto, Makoto Inagaki, Tomohiko Kawakami, Tsutomu Ohtsuki, Shigeru Kashiwagi, Ken Takahashi, Kyo Tsukada, Katsuyoshi Tatenuma, Mitsuru Uesaka
Summary: By designing a W-MoO3 target system and conducting experiments, optimal W thicknesses were found to improve Mo-99 production performance under different electron beam energies, with MoO3 targets facilitating post-irradiation processing.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yoo Lim Cheon, Hyun Wook Kim, Emre Cosgun, Moses Chung
Summary: This article introduces the global activities in developing a dedicated linear accelerator for continuous wave D+ beams to generate fusion-like neutrons. The case study, pre-conceptual design, and major component specification for developing a linear accelerator that can provide appropriate beam parameters for breeding module tests are presented. The facility specifications are analyzed and a layout of the envisioned accelerator is prepared to align with the Korean domestic fusion program. Preliminary beam dynamics/optics calculations and operation scenario development are also carried out.
JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
I. Meleshenkovskii, A. Elayeb, R. De Stefano, A. Sari
Summary: This study investigates the application of photofission technique for radiological characterization of nuclear waste packages. Through experimental and numerical model validation, the performance at different energies is evaluated. The results show that the technique can detect minimal masses of 0.539 grams and 0.336 grams for depleted uranium and 94% 239Pu samples respectively at 9 MeV. Although the performance is poorer at 7 MeV, it can still be sufficient for determining actinide mass in different matrix materials.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. P. Sangroula, D. Winklehner, M. Schuett
Summary: IsoDAR is a proposed underground experiment aimed at a definitive search for sterile neutrinos by producing high rates of neutrinos through impinging a high power proton beam. The experiment uses a compact cyclotron as an accelerator and a low-frequency split-coaxial RFQ to effectively bunch protons before injecting them into the cyclotron. The design and optimization of the RF input-coupler for the RFQ in IsoDAR is challenging due to its small diameter and split-coaxial type.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Moises Weber, Takahiro Shinya, Ivan Moya, Purificacion Mendez, David Regidor, Cristina de la Morena, Jose Maria Forteza, Pilar Gil, Alvaro Marchena, Igor Kirpitchev, Angela Garcia, Joaquin Molla, Naoya Kubo, Kenichi Hayashi, Miguel Mendez, Jeff Thomsen, Tomoya Akagi, Loris Antoniazzi, Luca Bellan, Beatriz Branas, Philippe Cara, Yann Carin, Marco Di Giacomo, Herve Dzitko, Michel Desmons, Takashi Ebisawa, Enrico Fagotti, Ignacio Garcia-Caro, Dominique Gex, Francesco Grespan, Victor Gutierrez, Angel Ibarra, Yoshitaka Ikeda, Yukiharu Ikeda, David Jimenez-Rey, Antti Jokinen, Atsushi Kasugai, Toshihiko Kitano, Juan Knaster, Hitoshi Kobayashi, Keitaro Kondo, Antonio Miguel Lopez, Sunao Maebara, Bertrand Renard, Shigeru O'hira, Antonio Palmieri, Guy Phillips, Ivan Podadera, Keishi Sakamoto, Joaquin Sanchez, Francesco Scantamburlo, Masayoshi Sugimoto, Ken Takayama, Dirk Vandeplassche
Summary: Design, development, manufacturing, and test activities of the RF power system (RFPS) for LIPAc were completed in Europe, followed by installation and commissioning activities in Japan. Challenging IFMIF requirements led to innovations during design and development, while commissioning required major efforts in calibration and fine setting, resulting in the development of new functionalities. The RFPS was validated under full power and deuteron beam loading conditions, demonstrating good performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. B. Zylstra, O. A. Hurricane, D. A. Callahan, A. L. Kritcher, J. E. Ralph, H. F. Robey, J. S. Ross, C. V. Young, K. L. Baker, D. T. Casey, T. Doppner, L. Divol, M. Hohenberger, S. Le Pape, A. Pak, P. K. Patel, R. Tommasini, S. J. Ali, P. A. Amendt, L. J. Atherton, B. Bachmann, D. Bailey, L. R. Benedetti, L. Berzak Hopkins, R. Betti, S. D. Bhandarkar, J. Biener, R. M. Bionta, N. W. Birge, E. J. Bond, D. K. Bradley, T. Braun, T. M. Briggs, M. W. Bruhn, P. M. Celliers, B. Chang, T. Chapman, H. Chen, C. Choate, A. R. Christopherson, D. S. Clark, J. W. Crippen, E. L. Dewald, T. R. Dittrich, M. J. Edwards, W. A. Farmer, J. E. Field, D. Fittinghoff, J. Frenje, J. Gaffney, M. Gatu Johnson, S. H. Glenzer, G. P. Grim, S. Haan, K. D. Hahn, G. N. Hall, B. A. Hammel, J. Harte, E. Hartouni, J. E. Heebner, V. J. Hernandez, H. Herrmann, M. C. Herrmann, D. E. Hinkel, D. D. Ho, J. P. Holder, W. W. Hsing, H. Huang, K. D. Humbird, N. Izumi, L. C. Jarrott, J. Jeet, O. Jones, G. D. Kerbel, S. M. Kerr, S. F. Khan, J. Kilkenny, Y. Kim, H. Geppert Kleinrath, V. Geppert Kleinrath, C. Kong, J. M. Koning, J. J. Kroll, M. K. G. Kruse, B. Kustowski, O. L. Landen, S. Langer, D. Larson, N. C. Lemos, J. D. Lindl, T. Ma, M. J. MacDonald, B. J. MacGowan, A. J. Mackinnon, S. A. MacLaren, A. G. MacPhee, M. M. Marinak, D. A. Mariscal, E. V. Marley, L. Masse, K. Meaney, N. B. Meezan, P. A. Michel, M. Millot, J. L. Milovich, J. D. Moody, A. S. Moore, J. W. Morton, T. Murphy, K. Newman, J. -M. G. Di Nicola, A. Nikroo, R. Nora, M. V. Patel, L. J. Pelz, J. L. Peterson, Y. Ping, B. B. Pollock, M. Ratledge, N. G. Rice, H. Rinderknecht, M. Rosen, M. S. Rubery, J. D. Salmonson, J. Sater, S. Schiaffino, D. J. Schlossberg, M. B. Schneider, C. R. Schroeder, H. A. Scott, S. M. Sepke, K. Sequoia, M. W. Sherlock, S. Shin, V. A. Smalyuk, B. K. Spears, P. T. Springer, M. Stadermann, S. Stoupin, D. J. Strozzi, L. J. Suter, C. A. Thomas, R. P. J. Town, E. R. Tubman, P. L. Volegov, C. R. Weber, K. Widmann, C. Wild, C. H. Wilde, B. M. Van Wonterghem, D. T. Woods, B. N. Woodworth, M. Yamaguchi, S. T. Yang, G. B. Zimmerman
Summary: A burning-plasma state has been achieved in the laboratory using a laser facility to generate X-rays and compress and heat a fuel-containing capsule. Experiments show fusion self-heating exceeding the mechanical work input, and a subset of experiments appear to have crossed the static self-heating boundary, providing an opportunity to study α-particle-dominated plasmas and burning-plasma physics.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Gatu Johnson, T. M. Johnson, B. J. Lahmann, F. H. Seguin, B. Sperry, N. Bhandarkar, R. M. Bionta, E. Casco, D. T. Casey, A. J. Mackinnon, N. Masters, A. Moore, A. Nikroo, M. Hoppe, R. Mohammed, W. Sweet, C. Freeman, V. Picciotto, J. Roumell, J. A. Frenje
Summary: The recent progress in NIF has brought new requirements for diagnostic tools. This study aims to extend the operating range of the Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) to meet the demand for higher yields, and proposes a solution.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
J. H. Kunimune, M. Gatu Johnson, A. S. Moore, C. A. Trosseille, T. M. Johnson, G. P. A. Berg, A. J. Mackinnon, J. D. Kilkenny, J. A. Frenje
Summary: The time-resolving magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRSt) is a diagnostic tool used to measure the time-resolved neutron spectrum in inertial confinement fusion implosions. It utilizes a foil and ion-optical system along with specific detectors to gradually implement and collect data, providing support for further research in the field.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
E. P. Hartouni, A. S. Moore, A. J. Crilly, B. D. Appelbe, P. A. Amendt, K. L. Baker, D. T. Casey, D. S. Clark, T. Doppner, M. J. Eckart, J. E. Field, M. Gatu-Johnson, G. P. Grim, R. Hatarik, J. Jeet, S. M. Kerr, J. Kilkenny, A. L. Kritcher, K. D. Meaney, J. L. Milovich, D. H. Munro, R. C. Nora, A. E. Pak, J. E. Ralph, H. F. Robey, J. S. Ross, D. J. Schlossberg, S. M. Sepke, B. K. Spears, C. Young, A. B. Zylstra
Summary: Inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility aim to achieve sustained thermonuclear burn for energy generation. This study investigates the departure from hydrodynamic behavior when fusion reactions become the primary source of plasma heating. The relationship between ion temperature and mean ion kinetic energy is analyzed using neutron spectrum moments.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Daniel T. Casey, Chris R. Weber, Alex B. Zylstra, Charlie J. Cerjan, Ed Hartouni, Matthias Hohenberger, Laurent Divol, David S. Dearborn, Neel Kabadi, Brandon Lahmann, Maria Gatu Johnson, Johan A. Frenje
Summary: The enhancement of fusion reaction rates by electron screening is an important plasma-nuclear effect but has not been experimentally observed. Experiments using inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions may provide an opportunity to observe this effect. The experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have reached the relevant physical regime, but the expected impacts of plasma screening on nuclear reaction rates are currently too small and need to be increased. This work lays the foundation for future efforts to develop a platform capable of observing plasma electron screening.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
K. L. Baker, C. A. Thomas, O. L. Landen, S. Haan, J. D. Lindl, D. T. Casey, C. Young, R. Nora, O. A. Hurricane, D. A. Callahan, O. Jones, L. Berzak Hopkins, S. Khan, B. K. Spears, S. Le Pape, N. B. Meezan, D. D. Ho, T. Doppner, D. Hinkel, E. L. Dewald, R. Tommasini, M. Hohenberger, C. Weber, D. Clark, D. T. Woods, J. L. Milovich, D. Strozzi, A. Kritcher, H. F. Robey, J. S. Ross, V. A. Smalyuk, P. A. Amendt, B. Bachmann, L. R. Benedetti, R. Bionta, P. M. Celliers, D. Fittinghoff, C. Goyon, R. Hatarik, N. Izumi, M. Gatu Johnson, G. Kyrala, T. Ma, K. Meaney, M. Millot, S. R. Nagel, P. K. Patel, D. Turnbull, P. L. Volegov, C. Yeamans, C. Wilde
Summary: In indirect-drive implosions, increasing laser peak power and radiation drive temperature can improve the core hot spot energy, pressure, and neutron yield. This improvement has been quantified and explained by simple analytic scalings validated by 1D simulations. Extrapolating from existing data, it is possible to achieve a yield of 2-3x10^17 (0.5-0.7 MJ) using only 1.8 MJ of laser energy in a low gas-fill 5.4 mm diameter Hohlraum at the 500 TW National Ignition Facility peak power limit.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
B. Bachmann, S. A. MacLaren, L. Masse, S. Bhandarkar, T. Briggs, D. Casey, L. Divol, T. Doeppner, D. Fittinghoff, M. Freeman, S. Haan, G. N. Hall, B. Hammel, E. Hartouni, N. Izumi, V. Geppert-Kleinrath, S. Khan, B. Kozioziemski, C. Krauland, O. Landen, D. Mariscal, E. Marley, K. Meaney, G. Mellos, A. Moore, A. Pak, P. Patel, M. Ratledge, N. Rice, M. Rubery, J. Salmonson, J. Sater, D. Schlossberg, M. Schneider, V. A. Smalyuk, C. Trosseille, P. Volegov, C. Weber, G. J. Williams, A. Wray
Summary: Fuel-ablator mix has a significant impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion experiments. Studying this mix through experiments and simulations can improve our understanding of these experiments and lead to higher yields and increased robustness.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
B. Reichelt, N. Kabadi, J. Pearcy, M. Gatu Johnson, S. Dannhoff, B. Lahmann, J. Frenje, C. K. Li, G. Sutcliffe, J. Kunimune, R. Petrasso, H. Sio, A. Moore, E. Mariscal, E. Hartouni
Summary: This paper develops a process to determine the x-ray sensitivity of PTOF detectors and relates it to the intrinsic properties of the detector. It is demonstrated that the diamond sample has significant non-homogeneity and the charge collection can be described by a linear model ax + b, where a = 0.63 +/- 0.16 V-1 mm(-1) and b = 0.00 +/- 0.04 V-1. The electron to hole mobility ratio is confirmed to be 1.5 +/- 1.0 and the effective bandgap is 1.8 eV, leading to an increased sensitivity.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Review
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Gatu Johnson
Summary: MeV-range ions generated in ICF and high-energy-density physics experiments carry important information, such as fusion reaction yield, implosion areal density, electron temperature, and electric and magnetic fields. This paper reviews the principles of obtaining this information from data and describes the charged particle diagnostic suite available at major US ICF facilities. It discusses time-integrating instruments, time-resolving detectors, and charged-particle radiography setups for measuring ion emission and probing plasma experiments.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
B. Lahmann, A. M. Saunders, T. Doppner, J. A. Frenje, S. H. Glenzer, M. Gatu-Johnson, G. Sutcliffe, A. B. Zylstra, R. D. Petrasso
Summary: A platform has been developed to measure accurately the stopping power of high-energy protons in warm dense matter (WDM) plasmas using x-ray Thomson scattering. In this study, stopping power measurements were successfully conducted in both WDM beryllium and boron plasmas. An increase in stopping power was observed in the boron experiments compared to their cold target counterparts, which agreed well with models accounting for the partial ionization of the plasma.
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruce A. Remington, Park Hye-Sook, Daniel T. Casey, Robert M. Cavallo, Daniel S. Clark, Daniel H. Kalantar, Carolyn C. Kuranz, Aaron R. Miles, Sabrina R. Nagel, Kumar S. Raman, Christopher E. Wehrenberg, Vladimir A. Smalyuk
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)