Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Serena Marcozzi, Giorgia Bigossi, Maria Elisa Giuliani, Robertina Giacconi, Francesco Piacenza, Maurizio Cardelli, Dario Brunetti, Agnese Segala, Alessandra Valerio, Enzo Nisoli, Fabrizia Lattanzio, Mauro Provinciali, Marco Malavolta
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the role of senescent cells in driving inflammation and frailty. The results indicate that the burden of senescent cells related to musculoskeletal and cerebral health has the strongest causal link to frailty. These findings are important for understanding the role of cellular senescence in frailty and developing personalized therapies.
Review
Immunology
Nurit Katz-Agranov, Gisele Zandman-Goddard
Summary: The study found that immune dysregulation in elderly populations and lupus patients extends to the microbiome in the form of dysbiosis, including loss of microbiota biodiversity, increased representation of microbes associated with inflammation, and compromise of the intestinal barrier. This knowledge may help in finding solutions for both conditions by understanding the common mechanisms involved in immunosenescence and lupus pathogenesis.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emma Naomi James, Virag Sagi-Kiss, Mark Bennett, Maria Elzbieta Mycielska, Lee Peng Karen-Ng, Terry Roberts, Sheila Matta, Inderjeet Dokal, Jacob Guy Bundy, Eric Kenneth Parkinson
Summary: The study found that there is a connection between plasma metabolite signatures and aging-related diseases, in particular with DKC1-related diseases and telomere dysfunction. However, other TCA metabolites, lactate, and pyruvate clearly distinguish DKC1 patients from normal individuals. These findings have important implications for early diagnosis of aging and the development of anti-aging therapeutics.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Marco Raffaele, Kristina Kovacovicova, Tommaso Biagini, Oriana Lo Re, Jan Frohlich, Sebastiano Giallongo, James D. Nhan, Antonino Giulio Giannone, Daniela Cabibi, Martin Ivanov, Anton B. Tonchev, Martin Mistrik, Matthew Lacey, Petr Dzubak, Sona Gurska, Marian Hajduch, Jiri Bartek, Tommaso Mazza, Vincenzo Micale, Sean P. Curran, Manlio Vinciguerra
Summary: The study identified MCOPB as a NOP ligand with tissue-specific senolytic effects, reducing the senescent cell burden in peripheral tissues but not affecting the central nervous system. Additionally, exposure to MCOPB led to changes in locomotion and lipid storage. Mechanistically, MCOPB treatment activated transcriptional networks involved in immune responses to external stressors, implicating Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
Review
Cell Biology
David Gems, Pedro Joao de Magalha
Summary: Although the hallmarks of aging provide a valuable reference for the field of biogerontology, they lack the profound explanatory power of the hallmarks of cancer, highlighting the need to define a genuine paradigm for understanding the mechanisms of aging.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Maarten J. Wensink, Alan A. Cohen
Summary: The classical evolutionary theories of aging explain aging as a result of insufficient selective pressure, but fail to account for the diversity of aging patterns. Drawing on advancements in developmental biology, genetics, biochemistry, and complex systems theory, the Danaid theory proposes that various restrictions on maintenance and repair in complex forms of life lead to aging, and that there is systematic variation in these constraints across taxa, influencing variation in lifespan and aging.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandra Sacco, Laura Belloni, Lucia Latella
Summary: Senescence is a cellular state induced by internal or external stimuli, resulting in cell cycle arrest, morphological changes, and dysfunctions in mitochondrial and lysosomal functionality. Recent evidence suggests that senescent cells in vivo are a heterogeneous cell population due to different activated pathways and distinct microenvironmental contexts. Future research will focus on exploring the heterogeneity of senescent cells to map cell progression and study the therapeutic advantages of senolytic drugs.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jiao Zhou, Honghan Chen, Jintao Du, Haoran Tai, Xiaojuan Han, Ning Huang, Xiaobo Wang, Hui Gong, Mingyao Yang, Hengyi Xiao
Summary: Glutamine, an important amino acid involved in energy production and redox homeostasis, plays a crucial role in the aging process. Chronic glutamine deprivation leads to cellular senescence and aging, while glutamine supplementation protects against oxidative stress-induced senescence and progeria. The activation of the Akt-mTOR pathway and impairment of autolysosome function are observed during long-term glutamine deprivation, and inhibition of this pathway rescues the autophagy impairment and cellular senescence caused by glutamine deprivation. These findings provide new insights into the connection between glutamine availability and the aging process.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Catriona J. Miller, Evgeniia Golovina, Joerg S. Wicker, Jessie C. Jacobsen, Justin M. OSullivan
Summary: This study identified four genes located at the 17q21.31 locus that could potentially be causal for autism. By integrating data on gene and protein interactions, the researchers determined the relationship between this locus and autism as well as other neurological traits, and identified a distinct cluster of co-occurring traits linked to autism.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yong Chool Boo
Summary: Nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3, has various biological activities and cosmeceutical properties. It can restore cellular energy metabolism, reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, enhance skin barrier, and inhibit pigmentation, leading to attenuation of skin aging and hyperpigmentation in clinical trials. Additionally, nicotinamide is well tolerated by the skin and may be a useful cosmeceutical ingredient for maintaining skin homeostasis.
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
George Hajishengallis, Xiaofei Li, Kimon Divaris, Triantafyllos Chavakis
Summary: This article reviews the bidirectional association between periodontitis and systemic inflammatory disorders. It introduces two newly emerged concepts, trained innate immunity (TII) and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), which together support a potential hypothesis on how periodontitis affects and is affected by comorbidities and why the susceptibility to periodontitis and comorbidities increases with aging. The article discusses the role of TII and CHIP in mediating the relationship between periodontitis and comorbidities, and proposes that a mechanistic understanding of this connection may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for inflammatory comorbidities.
PERIODONTOLOGY 2000
(2022)
Article
Biology
Martin Lind, Hanne Carlsson, Elizabeth M. L. Duxbury, Edward Ivimey-Cook, Alexei A. Maklakov
Summary: Ageing occurs due to decreased selection pressure on genes with age, but the exact causes are not fully understood. Optimizing gene expression can increase lifespan without reducing fitness, rather than solely affecting lifespan through resource allocation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Ashley Brauning, Michael Rae, Gina Zhu, Elena Fulton, Tesfahun Dessale Admasu, Alexandra Stolzing, Amit Sharma
Summary: Aging is a major risk factor for chronic diseases, and immunosenescence, including age-related natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction, plays a significant role in age-related morbidity and mortality. NK cell dysfunction is implicated in the increasing burden of infection, malignancy, inflammatory disorders, and senescent cells with age. Understanding the interplay between systemic inflammation, senescence burden, and NK cell dysfunction can potentially lead to therapies countering age-related diseases and underlying biological aging processes.
Editorial Material
Geography
Henry Wai-chung Yeung
Summary: This commentary reflects on Jamie Peck's conjunctural methodologies and their implications for theory and explanation in geography. It reframes the methodological examination by incorporating mid-level concepts and theories, causal mechanisms, and context-specificity. Through a sympathetic critique, it highlights two potential blind spots: the underdevelopment of practical adequacy and the role of normative theorising in conjunctural methodologies.
DIALOGUES IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniil Shevyrev, Valeriy Tereshchenko, Tatiana N. Berezina, Stanislav Rybtsov
Summary: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) support hematopoiesis throughout life, but their regenerative potential decreases with age, affecting immune function. The aging of HSCs leads to decreased self-renewal ability, changes in differentiation potential, and a disturbed immune cell formation. This results in increased inflammation and higher risk of age-related diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)