Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Marianne Chapleau, Leonardo Iaccarino, David Soleimani-Meigooni, Gil D. Rabinovici
Summary: This article provides an up-to-date overview of the application of amyloid PET in neurodegenerative diseases, including analysis of clinical, pathological, and imaging data, comparison with other available biomarkers, and review of its use in clinical trials and clinical utility studies.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Brian J. Burkett, Jeffrey C. Babcock, Val J. Lowe, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Rathan M. Subramaniam, Derek R. Johnson
Summary: PET imaging plays an essential role in the earlier and more specific diagnoses of dementia syndromes, especially with the development of pathology-specific disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer disease. Amyloid and tau PET techniques have entered clinical use, making nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists crucial members of the care team. This review discusses recent changes in the understanding of dementia and examines the roles of nuclear medicine imaging in clinical practice.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Pawel J. Markiewicz, Julian C. Matthews, John Ashburner, David M. Cash, David L. Thomas, Enrico De Vita, Anna Barnes, M. Jorge Cardoso, Marc Modat, Richard Brown, Kris Thielemans, Casper Da Costa-Luis, Isadora Lopes Alves, Juan Domingo Gispert, Mark E. Schmidt, Paul Marsden, Alexander Hammers, Sebastien Ourselin, Frederik Barkhof
Summary: The precision of MR-PET image registration is mainly driven by the registration implementation and the quality of PET images, with different software packages and reconstruction parameters having varying impacts on the uncertainty. This analysis provides insights into the factors influencing the accuracy of PET data obtained from different scanning techniques.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Colin Groot, Sylvia Villeneuve, Ruben Smith, Oskar Hansson, Rik Ossenkoppele
Summary: The introduction of PET ligands that bind tau pathology has allowed for the quantification and visualization of tau pathology in aging and Alzheimer's disease. While these ligands are effective in binding tau aggregates in advanced stages of AD, their binding in non-AD tauopathies is weaker and overlaps with known off-target binding regions. An increased neocortical tau PET signal holds important prognostic information, and tau PET shows great potential as a prognostic marker in symptomatic stages of AD. For differential diagnosis, tau PET is primarily useful in distinguishing AD dementia from other neurodegenerative diseases, but its performance decreases in the mild cognitive impairment stage of AD.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ruggero Bacchin, Matteo Salgarello, Michela Trentin, Giampietro Zanette, Stefano Tamburin
Summary: FXTAS is a rare movement disorder caused by a 55-to-200 CGG-trinucleotide expansion premutation in the FMR1 gene, with core diagnostic criteria of tremor, ataxia, and T2-weighted hyperintensity of the middle cerebellar peduncles on MRI. The pathophysiology of FXTAS is largely unknown, with possible overlap with Alzheimer disease according to some animal models and neuropathology findings.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Joseph Therriault, Andrea L. Benedet, Tharick A. Pascoal, Melissa Savard, Nicholas J. Ashton, Mira Chamoun, Cecile Tissot, Firoza Lussier, Min Su Kang, Gleb Bezgin, Tina Wang, Jaime Fernandes-Arias, Gassan Massarweh, Paolo Vitali, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Paramita Saha-Chaudhuri, Jean-Paul Soucy, Serge Gauthier, Pedro Rosa-Neto
Summary: This study assessed multiple methods for determining an optimal cutoff for F-18-AZD4694 PET positivity, with good convergence among different approaches. The findings suggest that a threshold of 1.55 SUVR may have reliable discriminative accuracy for amyloid-beta positivity on PET imaging.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
K. T. Chen, R. Tesfay, M. E. I. Koran, J. Ouyang, S. Shams, C. B. Young, G. Davidzon, T. Liang, M. Khalighi, E. Mormino, G. Zaharchuk
Summary: This study investigated the use of deep learning techniques in enhancing ultra-low-dose [F-18]-PI-2620 t PET/MR images to produce diagnostic-quality images. The results showed that the clinical readings of the deep learning-enhanced ultra-low-dose images were consistent with those performed with full-dose imaging, suggesting the possibility of reducing the dose and enabling more frequent examinations for dementia monitoring.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Poul F. Hoilund-Carlsen, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim, Tommaso Costa, Kasper P. Kepp, Rudolph J. Castellani, George Perry, Abass Alavi, Jorge R. Barrio
Summary: In June 2021, the FDA accelerated approved aducanumab and in January 2023 also lecanemab, based on perceived drug-induced removal of cerebral amyloid-beta as assessed by amyloid-PET and, in the case of lecanemab, limited clinical efficacy assumption. Approval for donanemab is pending further data. However, published trial data indicate minimal and uncertain clinical benefits, similar to conventional medication. Additionally, amyloid-PET signal decrease may reflect increased cell damage instead of amyloid removal, as supported by increased amyloid-related imaging abnormalities and brain volume loss in treated patients compared to placebo. We also question the current AD diagnostic criteria based on amyloid-PET imaging biomarkers and recommend future anti-AD therapy trials to incorporate (1) diagnosis based on cognitive decline and decreased cerebral metabolism assessed by FDA-approved FDG-PET, (2) therapy efficacy determined by cognitive ability, cerebral metabolism by FDG-PET, and brain volumes by MRI, and (3) neuropathologic examination of all deaths occurring in these trials.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Anne M. Smith, Nancy A. Obuchowski, Norman L. Foster, Gregory Klein, P. David Mozley, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Richard L. Wahl, John J. Sunderland, Jean-Luc Vanderheyden, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Paul E. Kinahan, Dean F. Wong, Eric S. Perlman, Satoshi Minoshima, Dawn Matthews
Summary: Standardized approach in acquiring amyloid PET images increases their value as disease and drug response biomarkers. The Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance amyloid PET biomarker committee developed and validated a profile to characterize and reduce the variability of SUVRs, increasing statistical power for these assessments.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Kevin T. Chen, Tyler N. Toueg, Mary Ellen Irene Koran, Guido Davidzon, Michael Zeineh, Dawn Holley, Harsh Gandhi, Kim Halbert, Athanasia Boumis, Gabriel Kennedy, Elizabeth Mormino, Mehdi Khalighi, Greg Zaharchuk
Summary: This study demonstrated that deep learning methods can enhance PET images from ultra-low injected dose PET/MRI data, showing significant improvement in image quality metrics and high accuracy in clinical diagnosis. The enhanced images were comparable to standard-dose images in terms of regional coefficient of variation, indicating the potential for dose reduction in amyloid imaging.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rik Ossenkoppele, Oskar Hansson
Summary: The recent development of several tau PET tracers is a significant milestone for the AD field, with high diagnostic specificity for AD tau pathology and potential as an important tool for differential diagnosis of dementia syndromes.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Francheska Delgado-Peraza, Carlos J. Nogueras-Ortiz, Olga Volpert, Dong Liu, Edward J. Goetzl, Mark P. Mattson, Nigel H. Greig, Erez Eitan, Dimitrios Kapogiannis
Summary: The study found that biomarkers in circulating NEVs and AEVs reflect their brain levels across multiple AD mouse models, supporting their potential use as a liquid biopsy for neurological disorders. This demonstrates a potential for utilizing EV proteins as AD biomarkers and emphasizes the importance of further research in this area.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lou Grangeon, Camille Charbonnier, Aline Zarea, Stephane Rousseau, Anne Rovelet-Lecrux, David Bendetowicz, Marion Lemaitre, Cecile Malrain, Muriel Quillard-Muraine, Kevin Cassinari, David Maltete, Jeremie Pariente, Olivier Moreaud, Eloi Magnin, Benjamin Cretin, Marie-Anne Mackowiak, Adeline Rollin Sillaire, Martine Vercelletto, Elsa Dionet, Olivier Felician, Pauline Rod-Olivieri, Catherine Thomas-Anterion, Gaelle Godeneche, Mathilde Sauvee, Leslie Cartz-Piver, Isabelle Le Ber, Valerie Chauvire, Therese Jonveaux, Anna-Chloe Balageas, Annie Laquerriere, Charles Duyckaerts, Anne Vital, Andre Maues de Paula, David Meyronet, Lucie Guyant-Marechal, Didier Hannequin, Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve, Dominique Campion, Gael Nicolas, David Wallon
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical, radiological, and neuropathological features of 43 APP duplication carriers from 24 French families, and compared them to 40 APP-negative CAA controls. The findings showed that the phenotypes and imaging features of APP duplication carriers were heterogeneous and lacked correlation with duplication size, making them an interesting model for studying cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Baosheng Chen, Bernadette Marquez-Nostra, Erika Belitzky, Takuya Toyonaga, Jie Tong, Yiyun Huang, Zhengxin Cai
Summary: This study reviews the current state of preclinical PET imaging using animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting its importance in understanding AD pathogenesis/progression and the development of novel treatments. Future research directions are also suggested.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jordi Pegueroles, Victor Montal, Alexandre Bejanin, Eduard Vilaplana, Mateus Aranha, Miguel Angel Santos-Santos, Daniel Alcolea, Ignasi Carrio, Valle Camacho, Rafael Blesa, Alberto Lleo, Juan Fortea
Summary: The AMYQ index is a new MRI-independent measure for standardizing and quantifying amyloid burden, with high agreement with the Centiloid scale and excellent diagnostic performance for discriminating patients with Alzheimer's disease from controls.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Harald Hampel, Giuseppe Caruso, Robert Nistico, Gaia Piccioni, Nicola B. Mercuri, Filippo Sean Giorgi, Fabio Ferrarelli, Pablo Lemercier, Filippo Caraci, Simone Lista, Andrea Vergallo
Summary: Comprehensive studies on cancer have led to the development of molecular pathway-based therapies that can be applied to different types of tumors. This paradigm shift in medicine has the potential to be applied to other medical fields, such as psychiatry and neurology. The emerging paradigm shift in neuroscience is illustrated by a review of translational studies on BACE and neuregulin, which are involved in various neurological and psychiatric diseases, showing a shared genetic/biological architecture among them.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Depypere Herman, Vergallo Andrea, Lemercier Pablo, Lista Simone, Benedet Andrea, Ashton Nicholas, Cavedo Enrica, Zetterberg Henrik, Blennow Kaj, Vanmechelen Eugeen, Hampel Harald
Summary: This study suggests that menopause hormonal replacement therapy may have a significant impact on reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, especially for women at genetic risk.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alessandro Galgani, Francesco Lombardo, Nicola Martini, Andrea Vergallo, Luca Bastiani, Harald Hampel, Hana Hlavata, Filippo Baldacci, Gloria Tognoni, Daniele De Marchi, Irene Ghicopulos, Sara De Cori, Francesca Biagioni, Carla Letizia Busceti, Roberto Ceravolo, Ubaldo Bonuccelli, Dante Chiappino, Gabriele Siciliano, Francesco Fornai, Nicola Pavese, Filippo Sean Giorgi
Summary: This study used LC-MRI to investigate the involvement of the pontine nucleus Locus Coeruleus (LC) in Alzheimer's disease progression and its association with prognosis and cognitive performance in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. The findings suggest that reductions in LC-MRI parameters may be predictive of clinical progression in Mild Cognitive Impairment and support the role of LC degeneration in the continuum of Alzheimer's disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Simone Lista, Andrea Vergallo, Stefan J. Teipel, Pablo Lemercier, Filippo Sean Giorgi, Audrey Gabelle, Francesco Garaci, Nicola B. Mercuri, Claudio Babiloni, Bhakta Prasad Gaire, Yosef Koronyo, Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui, Harald Hampel, Robert Nistico
Summary: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) are the standard treatment for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, but primary outcomes vary across clinics and healthcare systems due to dosing issues, timing of therapy initiation, healthcare providers' ambivalence, lack of disease awareness, delayed medical consultation, and prescription of ChEI in non-AD cognitive disorders.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sachin Puri, Katja Stefan, Sharuk L. Khan, Jens Pahnke, Sven Marcel Stefan, Kapil Juvale
Summary: A new MCT1 modulator with potent inhibitory and anticancer activities, selective against MCT4, was discovered. The lead compound also showed significant inhibitory effects against ABCB1 and reversed multidrug resistance.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Susana Lopez-Ortiz, Simone Lista, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Jose Pinto-Fraga, Ricardo Carmona, Filippo Caraci, Giuseppe Caruso, Nicola Toschi, Enzo Emanuele, Audrey Gabelle, Robert Nistico, Francesco Garaci, Alejandro Lucia, Alejandro Santos-Lozano
Summary: The study summarizes the relationship between physical activity and the development of Alzheimer's disease, as well as the impact of exercise on patients with Alzheimer's disease. The findings suggest that physical activity can lower the risk of Alzheimer's disease and exercise has positive effects on cognitive function, physical performance, and functional independence.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Celia Garcia-Chico, Susana Lopez-Ortiz, Saul Penin-Grandes, Jose Pinto-Fraga, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Enzo Emanuele, Claudia Ceci, Grazia Graziani, Carmen Fiuza-Luces, Simone Lista, Alejandro Lucia, Alejandro Santos-Lozano
Summary: The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing and there is a need to investigate the molecular pathways that influence its progression. This review aims to describe the effects of physical exercise on breast cancer hallmarks, which are associated with the development of the disease. Regular physical exercise has positive effects on all major hallmarks of breast cancer and may help counteract its progression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shiraz Dib, Rodrigo Azevedo Loiola, Emmanuel Sevin, Julien Saint-Pol, Fumitaka Shimizu, Takashi Kanda, Jens Pahnke, Fabien Gosselet
Summary: Neuroinflammation and brain lipid imbalances are observed in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. The tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa) and liver X receptor (LXR) signaling pathways are involved in both processes, but their relationships in human brain pericytes (HBP) of the neurovascular unit are not well understood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Carmen Matey-Rodriguez, Susana Lopez-Ortiz, Saul Penin-Grandes, Jose Pinto-Fraga, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Monica Pico, Carmen Fiuza-Luces, Simone Lista, Alejandro Lucia, Alejandro Santos-Lozano
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of Evenson cut-points for estimating moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in children and adolescents with disabilities, as well as to define new equations for estimating energy expenditure (EE) in this population, particularly in those with cerebral palsy (CP). Specific GT3X+ cut-points were also defined for estimating MVPA in individuals with CP. The results indicate that using specific ActiGraph GT3X+ cut-points is accurate for estimating MVPA levels in children and adolescents with disabilities, especially those with CP, at least in laboratory conditions.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Amir Abbas Tahami Monfared, N. T. Nhan Phan, Isobel Pearson, Josephine Mauskopf, Min Cho, Quanwu Zhang, Harald Hampel
Summary: This article summarizes current clinical practice guidelines for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), finding no consensus on screening and diagnosis but recommend using cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for AD treatment. The author calls for regular updates of guidelines to integrate technological and medical advances and realize precision medicine for AD.
NEUROLOGY AND THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Saul Penin-Grandes, Susana Lopez-Ortiz, Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo, Hector Menendez, Jose Pinto-Fraga, Juan Martin-Hernandez, Simone Lista, Alejandro Lucia, Alejandro Santos-Lozano
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the effects of regular exercise in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by summarizing published meta-analyses. The review finds that exercise has a positive impact on functional parameters and health-related quality of life in PAD patients. Supervised aerobic exercise is particularly effective in improving walking-related outcomes and pain, while resistance exercise is more effective for improving lower limb strength.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Roland Opfer, Julia Krueger, Lothar Spies, Ann-Christin Ostwaldt, Hagen H. Kitzler, Sven Schippling, Ralph Buchert
Summary: The study developed an automatic method for accurate and robust thalamus segmentation in T1w-MRI. A 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) was trained using ground truth generated with FSL-FIRST. The results showed that the 3D-CNN method achieved accurate and stable thalamus segmentation.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Viswanath Devanarayan, Yuanqing Ye, Arnaud Charil, Erica Andreozzi, Pallavi Sachdev, Daniel A. Llano, Lu Tian, Liang Zhu, Harald Hampel, Lynn Kramer, Shobha Dhadda, Michael Irizarry
Summary: This study developed a prediction model for forecasting the clinical progression trajectories in early Alzheimer's disease (AD), using clinical features and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures as inputs. The validated model demonstrated the ability to predict 2-year cognitive decline in two validation cohorts, with improved accuracy when MRI features were included.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gang Li, Nicola Toschi, Viswanath Devanarayan, Richard Batrla, Tommaso Boccato, Min Cho, Matteo Ferrante, Feride Frech, James E. Galvin, David Henley, Soeren Mattke, Susan De Santi, Harald Hampel
Summary: This study investigated the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and comorbidities of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia disorders (ADRD), as well as the predictive potential of these comorbidities for MCI risk determination using a machine learning algorithm. The findings showed that the association between MCI and ADRD comorbidities weakened with increasing age, and the predictive potential decreased with older age groups.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Julia Kruger, Roland Opfer, Lothar Spies, Dennis Hedderich, Ralph Buchert
Summary: This study aimed to develop a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for the detection of disease-specific brain atrophy without the need for a scanner-specific normal database. The CNN demonstrated similar performance to conventional methods and could potentially aid in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)