Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Archana Arjunan, Juhyun Song
Summary: Dementia is a detrimental neuropathologic condition that has significant physical, mental, social, and financial impacts on patients and society. Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of diseases that increase the risk of neurological diseases, have a higher likelihood of developing dementia. The synthesis and release of adipokines and myokines, hormones found in muscle and adipose tissue, may be implicated in various MetS conditions, but their precise role is still unclear. This review explores the involvement of adipokines and myokines in MetS-induced dementia through their regulation of glucose and insulin homeostasis, neuro-inflammation, vascular dysfunction, emotional changes, and cognitive function.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Rita de Oliveira dos Santos, Barbara de Oliveira Zanuso, Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Patricia C. Santos Bueno, Uri Adrian Prync Flato, Claudia Rucco P. Detregiachi, Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Rogerio Leone Buchaim, Ricardo Jose Tofano, Claudemir Gregorio Mendes, Viviane Alessandra Capelluppi Tofano, Jesselina F. dos Santos Haber
Summary: Adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines are endocrine markers produced by adipose, skeletal, and hepatic muscle tissues, respectively, which can have harmful or beneficial effects on an organism. The interactions between these markers in the body can contribute to the development of various physiological disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. The understanding of these interactions may provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for diagnosing and treating metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Penghua Fang, Yuqing She, Mei Yu, Wen Min, Wenbin Shang, Zhenwen Zhang
Summary: Obesity and type 2 diabetes contribute significantly to the burden of age-related metabolic diseases globally. Adipose-muscle crosstalk, primarily mediated by myokines and adipokines, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic responses in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, the detailed mechanisms of adipose-muscle crosstalk in age-related metabolic diseases remain unclear. This review highlights the importance of adipokines adiponectin and spexin, and myokines irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in maintaining metabolic balance and proposes that exercise and dietary flavonoid consumption may modulate adipose-muscle crosstalk, leading to remission of age-related metabolic disorders.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Suktara Guria, Soumyadeep Basu, Anupama Hoory, Sutapa Mukherjee, Satinath Mukhopadhyay
Summary: Obesity and its associated metabolic derangements are a global health challenge, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle is strongly associated with T2D. Secretory proteins released by these organs, known as organokines, interact with each other through endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine pathways, and their balance is crucial for metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on the functions of organokines in regulating inflammation and the onset of metabolic diseases.
JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Henriette Kirchner, Leon Weisner, Britta Wilms
Summary: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions. Lifestyle interventions such as exercise are the primary therapy options. However, the overall data on the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism are contradictory, making it difficult to optimize interventions. Innovative exercise strategies and underlying mechanisms are needed to close this therapeutic gap.
Article
Physiology
Abel M. Mengeste, Natasa Nikolic, Andrea Dalmao Fernandez, Yuan Z. Feng, Tuula A. Nyman, Sander Kersten, Fred Haugen, Eili Tranheim Kase, Vigdis Aas, Arild C. Rustan, G. Hege Thoresen
Summary: This study used electrical pulse stimulation to investigate the metabolic effects of exercise in human skeletal muscle cells. The results showed enhanced oxidative metabolism in young male subjects. Analysis of the transcriptome, proteome, and secreted proteins revealed regulatory molecules and signaling pathways associated with glycolytic pathways, fatty acid oxidation, and muscle contraction. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and beneficial metabolic effects of exercise.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Frederique Van de Velde, D. Margriet Ouwens, Arsene-Helene Batens, Yves Van Nieuwenhove, Bruno Lapauw
Summary: Systemic improvements in inflammation and insulin resistance are observed after gastric bypass surgery, but changes in adipokine and myokine expression patterns only partially reflect these improvements. Expression of markers of inflammation and insulin/glucose metabolism in other tissues may be inconsistent and divergent.
Review
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Javier Diez, Arantxa Gonzalez, Mikel Izquierdo
Summary: This study investigates the effects of exercise training on exerkines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and determines the optimal exercise prescription. The results show that exercise training can induce changes in exerkine levels, with positive effects on glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and body mass. Therefore, exercise training is an important therapeutic approach for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Anna Nikolaevna Zakharova, Tatiana Alexandrovna Kironenko, Kseniia G. Milovanova, A. A. Orlova, E. Yu Dyakova, Yu G. Kalinnikova, Anastasia Kabachkova, Alexander Chibalin, Leonid Kapilevich
Summary: The study investigated the effect of treadmill training loads on cytokines in mice skeletal muscles with metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet. The results showed that the impact of exercise was more significant in older mice, and physical activity had a greater effect on IL-15 in skeletal muscle tissue in 48-week-old mice.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexandra E. Butler, Manjunath Ramanjaneya, Abu Saleh Md Moin, Steven C. Hunt, Stephen L. Atkin
Summary: A 12-year study comparing outcomes of Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery showed long-term weight loss and remission of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. However, metabolic markers did not completely normalize for post-surgical patients, suggesting further weight loss may be needed for normalization.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomoko Uchiyama, Hiroyo Ota, Chiho Ohbayashi, Shin Takasawa
Summary: Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is closely related to metabolic diseases.
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) may exacerbate insulin resistance by causing abnormal cytokine expression.
Adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, and the liver are main endocrine organs producing hormones.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Hongtao Zhu, Dan Liu, Ming Sui, Meiling Zhou, Beibei Wang, Qinqin Qi, Ting Wang, Guo Zhang, Feng Wan, Bin Zhang
Summary: In this study, a novel CRISPR-based myokines activation strategy was used to evaluate its therapeutic potential in obesity treatments. The activation of FGF21 and Irisin in skeletal muscles promoted the browning of adipocytes and resulted in reduced body weight and fat mass, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laia Casamitjana, Laura Blanco-Hinojo, Olga Gimenez-Palop, Jesus Pujol, Gerard Martinez-Vilavella, Susanna Esteba-Castillo, Rocio Pareja, Valentin Freijo, Laura Vigil, Joan Deus, Assumpta Caixas
Summary: This study compared body composition, biochemical parameters, motor function, and brain neural activation in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome and growth-hormone deficiency before and after one year of rhGH treatment. The results showed improvements in lean mass, fat mass reduction, muscle function, balance, and increased neural activation in certain cerebellar areas after treatment. Glucose metabolism was not significantly affected and no side effects were reported.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ines Romero-Herrera, Fatima Nogales, Javier Diaz-Castro, Jorge Moreno-Fernandez, Maria del Carmen Gallego-Lopez, Julio J. Ochoa, Olimpia Carreras, Maria Luisa Ojeda
Summary: Binge drinking, mainly used by adolescents, is a pro-oxidant form of alcohol consumption that has recently been linked to hepatic insulin resistance. This study examines the effects of binge drinking on muscle metabolism and myokine secretion in adolescent rats, revealing significant alterations in antioxidant enzyme balance, lipid and protein oxidation, and myokine secretion patterns.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mauro Lombardo, Alessandra Feraco, Chiara Bellia, Luigi Prisco, Ilenia D'Ippolito, Elvira Padua, Maximilian Andreas Storz, Davide Lauro, Massimiliano Caprio, Alfonso Bellia
Summary: MetS is associated with disease severity, with studies showing it as an important predictor of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Adipose secretome and myokines have effects on energy metabolism and immune system function, but their functions depend on the metabolic context.
Review
Cell Biology
Glynnis A. Garry, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson
Summary: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and finding new ways to promote cardiomyocyte regeneration is crucial. Direct reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiac-like myocytes (iCMs) has shown promising potential, but there are challenges in reprogramming adult human fibroblasts.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Catherine A. Makarewich, Amir Z. Munir, Svetlana Bezprozvannaya, Aaron M. Gibson, Soo Young Kim, Misty S. Martin-Sandoval, Thomas P. Mathews, Luke I. Szweda, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson
Summary: New evidence suggests that certain noncoding RNA molecules actually code for microproteins. By using comparative genomics, researchers identified a microprotein called Mtlbn that is abundantly expressed in the heart. Mtlbn localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and interacts with subunits of the electron transport chain and respiratory supercomplexes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Peiheng Gan, Zhaoning Wang, Maria Gabriela Morales, Yu Zhang, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Ning Liu, Eric N. Olson
Summary: This study identified a genetic defect associated with noncompaction cardiomyopathy and revealed some underlying mechanisms. The loss of Rbpms gene led to premature cardiomyocyte binucleation and cell cycle arrest, in which Rbpms mediated the isoform switching of a specific protein.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Dileep R. Karri, Yu Zhang, Francesco Chemello, Yi-Li Min, Jian Huang, Jiwoong Kim, Pradeep P. A. Mammen, Lin Xu, Ning Liu, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson
Summary: This study demonstrates the long-term durability of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing as a therapy for maintaining the integrity and function of DMD muscle, even under conditions of stress.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ning Liu, Eric N. Olson
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deaths and illnesses in developed countries. Mouse models have played a significant role in studying the complex signaling pathways, genetic and epigenetic regulations, and multicellular interactions involved in cardiovascular disease. The advent of CRISPR genome editing has revolutionized cardiovascular research, allowing for rapid modeling and potential genetic correction of disease-causing mutations.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mina Shahriyari, Md Rezaul Islam, Sadman M. Sakib, Malte Rinn, Anastasia Rika, Dennis Krueger, Lalit Kaurani, Verena Gisa, Mandy Winterhoff, Harithaa Anandakumar, Orr Shomroni, Matthias Schmidt, Gabriela Salinas, Andreas Unger, Wolfgang A. Linke, Jana Zschuentzsch, Jens Schmidt, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson, Andre Fischer, Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann, Malte Tiburcy
Summary: This study successfully established methods for deriving skeletal muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells and engineered a functional human skeletal muscle organoid and engineered skeletal muscle with regeneration-competent satellite-like cells. Contractile performance of the engineered muscle was further enhanced by thyroid hormone treatment.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yu Zhang, Hui Li, Takahiko Nishiyama, John R. McAnally, Efrain Sanchez-Ortiz, Jian Huang, Pradeep P. A. Mammen, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson
Summary: In this study, a humanized DMD mouse model was created to evaluate the efficacy of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for DMD correction. The model successfully restored dystrophin expression and improved pathological features and muscle strength. This model provides a valuable tool for assessing clinically relevant gene editing strategies and advancing the therapeutic translation of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for DMD correction.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Takahiko Nishiyama, Yu Zhang, Miao Cui, Hui Li, Efrain Sanchez-Ortiz, John R. McAnally, Wei Tan, Jiwoong Kim, Kenian Chen, Lin Xu, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson
Summary: Mutations in the RBM20 gene are a common cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. The study uses gene editing techniques to correct these mutations and demonstrates that correction can restore normal gene splicing and nuclear localization, while eliminating abnormal ribonucleoprotein granule formation. The effectiveness of this therapy is also validated in a mouse model.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ildiko Bock-Marquette, Klaudia Maar, Szabolcs Maar, Balint Lippai, Gabor Faskerti, Ferenc Gallyas, Eric N. Olson, Deepak Srivastava
Summary: Our dream of defeating the processes of organ damage and aging remains a challenge, and steps towards regenerating individual organs are considered significant. Through interconnecting our collective knowledge regarding aging and embryonic development, we propose to discover molecules that can effectively reverse cellular damage. Our results regarding Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) support this hypothesis, showing its potential to promote cardiac cell migration and survival, enhance myocyte survival and improve cardiac function, and activate epicardial progenitor cells.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xurde M. Caravia, Andres Ramirez-Martinez, Peiheng Gan, John R. McAnally, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Ning Liu, Eric N. Olson
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xurde M. Caravia, Andres Ramirez-Martinez, Peiheng Gan, Feng Wang, John R. McAnally, Lin Xu, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Ning Liu, Eric N. Olson
Summary: Mutations in nuclear envelope proteins cause devastating genetic diseases that primarily affect the heart and skeletal muscle. This study reveals the essentiality of LEMD2 for genome stability and cardiac function, and uncovers its mechanistic association with human disease. Gene therapy targeting Lemd2 can rescue the disease phenotype.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Miao Cui, Ning Liu, Rhonda S. Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Peiheng Gan, Rhonda S. Bassel-Duby, Ning Liu, Eric N. Olson
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)