Review
Physiology
Junwon Heo, Emily E. Noble, Jarrod A. Call
Summary: Exercise has a positive impact on the brain, improving cognition and attention while reducing the risk of brain-related diseases. Recent studies suggest that factors secreted by peripheral systems, such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissues, play a role in mediating these effects on the brain. Specifically, exerkines derived from skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissues impact brain mitochondrial function, improving brain function and disease resistance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Rita de Oliveira dos Santos, Barbara de Oliveira Zanuso, Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Patricia C. Santos Bueno, Uri Adrian Prync Flato, Claudia Rucco P. Detregiachi, Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Rogerio Leone Buchaim, Ricardo Jose Tofano, Claudemir Gregorio Mendes, Viviane Alessandra Capelluppi Tofano, Jesselina F. dos Santos Haber
Summary: Adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines are endocrine markers produced by adipose, skeletal, and hepatic muscle tissues, respectively, which can have harmful or beneficial effects on an organism. The interactions between these markers in the body can contribute to the development of various physiological disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. The understanding of these interactions may provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for diagnosing and treating metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yakun Ren, Hao Zhao, Chunyan Yin, Xi Lan, Litao Wu, Xiaojuan Du, Helen R. Griffiths, Dan Gao
Summary: Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue is a key characteristic of obesity and contributes to various metabolic disorders. This inflammation is regulated by adipokines, hepatokines, and myokines secreted from different organs, which play either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles in adipose tissue inflammation. Understanding these organokines and their mechanisms could lead to potential therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ji Ye Lim, Eunju Kim
Summary: Maintaining systemic homeostasis requires the coordination of different organs and tissues in the body. Dysregulation of organokines is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diet modification and exercise play important roles in remodeling organokines and treating metabolic diseases.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hamed Alizadeh Pahlavani
Summary: Sarcopenic obesity is a multifactorial disease that occurs in aging individuals, characterized by decreased body muscle, muscle strength, and independence, as well as increased fat mass. Exercise, particularly strength training, can reverse this process and lead to increased muscle protein synthesis, myogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, brown fat, and decreased white fat, inflammatory factors, and muscle atrophy. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a recommended alternative for individuals who cannot perform high-intensity strength training. Studies suggest that low-intensity BFR training can produce similar results in hypertrophy and muscle strength as high-intensity strength training.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bing Yang, Liqing Lu, Dongmei Zhou, Wei Fan, Lucia Barbier-Torres, Justin Steggerda, Heping Yang, Xi Yang
Summary: Fatty liver disease is a complex liver pathology with various pathogenesis and lack of effective treatments. Hepatokines play important roles in the development of NAFLD and NASH and interact with cytokines or peptides secreted from muscle, adipose tissue, and hepatic stellate cells.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Rugivan Sabaratnam, Jorgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, Kurt Hojlund
Summary: Exercise activates metabolic and signalling pathways, resulting in systemic beneficial metabolic effects. Skeletal muscle, as an important endocrine organ, mediates crosstalk with other tissues through the release of myokines. Other tissues may also release cytokines and peptides in response to exercise. Extracellular vesicles may carry signals involved in tissue crosstalk.
Review
Neurosciences
Parvin Babaei, Helya Bolouki Azari
Summary: As human life expectancy increases, cognitive decline and memory impairment become a threat to independence and quality of life. Exercise training, specifically aerobic exercise, has been shown to prevent the progression of memory decline by improving blood circulation, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. The irisin/BDNF signaling pathway plays an important role in the crosstalk between skeletal muscles and the brain during exercise training.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Mariana Canevari de Maio, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Elen Landgraf Guiguer, Adriano Cressoni Araujo, Ricardo de Alvares Goulart, Uri Adrian Prync Flato, Edgar Baldi Junior, Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi, Jesselina Francisco dos Santos Haber, Patricia C. Santos Bueno, Raul S. J. Girio, Rachel Gomes Eleuterio, Marcelo Dib Bechara
Summary: This study reviewed the role of organokines on the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Changes in the secretion pattern of organokines were identified, which could aggravate RA, promote articular alterations, and predict disease activity. Additionally, organokines were implicated in higher radiographic damage, immune dysregulation, angiogenesis, and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as immune cell chemotaxis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giulia Minniti, Leticia Maria Pescinini-Salzedas, Guilherme Almeida Dos Santos Minniti, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Renata Vargas Sinatora, Lance Alan Sloan, Rafael Santos De Argollo Haber, Adriano Cressoni Araujo, Karina Quesada, Jesselina F. Dos Santos Haber, Marcelo Dib Bechara, Katia Portero Sloan
Summary: This review explores the relationship between organokines, sarcopenia, diabetes, and other metabolic consequences, as well as the role of physical exercise. It suggests that myokines, adipokines, hepatokines, and osteokines have direct impacts on the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and its metabolic repercussions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Alejandra Romero, Juergen Eckel
Summary: This article discusses the significant impact of complex inter-organ communication on metabolic homeostasis and insulin signaling, highlighting the role of crosstalk molecules in insulin resistance. It focuses on crosstalk mediators affecting the early steps of insulin signaling, as well as the role of extracellular vesicles in this process. The article also attempts to identify inter-connections between these two pathways of organ crosstalk and their potential impact on the insulin signaling network.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Theodor Baars, Robert K. Gieseler, Polykarpos C. Patsalis, Ali Canbay
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review suggests that organokines released systemically, including certain adipokines, hepatokines, and cardiokines, may be used to predict the risk of NAFLD-associated CVD. These organ-specific cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and may be secreted in a predetermined pattern. Establishing an algorithm to predict CVD risk in NAFLD patients using these organokines could potentially save lives.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Suktara Guria, Soumyadeep Basu, Anupama Hoory, Sutapa Mukherjee, Satinath Mukhopadhyay
Summary: Obesity and its associated metabolic derangements are a global health challenge, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle is strongly associated with T2D. Secretory proteins released by these organs, known as organokines, interact with each other through endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine pathways, and their balance is crucial for metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on the functions of organokines in regulating inflammation and the onset of metabolic diseases.
JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Sandra Maria Barbalho, Giulia Minniti, Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola, Jesselina Francisco dos Santos Haber, Patricia Cincotto dos Santos Bueno, Luiza Santos de Argollo Haber, Raul S. J. Girio, Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi, Camila Tiveron Dall'Antonia, Victoria Dogani Rodrigues, Claudia C. T. Nicolau, Virginia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin, Adriano Cressoni Araujo, Lucas Fornari Laurindo
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the role of organokines in COVID-19. It found that organokines are associated with endothelial dysfunction and multiple organ failure due to increased cytokines and SARS-CoV-2 viremia. Changes in organokine secretion can contribute to worsened infection, immune response alterations, and predict disease progression. These molecules have the potential to be used as adjuvant biomarkers for predicting illness severity and severe outcomes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meenakshi Vachher, Savita Bansal, Bhupender Kumar, Sandeep Yadav, Taruna Arora, Nalini Moza Wali, Archana Burman
Summary: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing globally, and it is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Understanding the pathogenesis and risk factors of NAFLD/NASH related HCC is crucial for early diagnosis and prognosis.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Ethnic Studies
Cristian Alvarez, Eduardo L. Cadore, Anelise Reis Gaya, Julio Brugnara Mello, Cezane Priscila Reuter, Pedro Delgado-Floody, Jeison A. Ramos Sepulveda, Hugo Alejandro Carrillo, Dirina Gonzalez Devia, Alex Veliz Burgos, Jaime Vasquez-Gomez, Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Alicia Maria Alonso-Martinez, Mikel Izquierdo
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between insufficient physical activity, blood pressure, and physical fitness in Latin-American schoolchildren of different ethnicities. The study finds that under conditions of insufficient physical activity, Mapuche schoolchildren have the highest blood pressure, while Embera, Tikuna, and European schoolchildren have the lowest levels of physical fitness.
ETHNICITY & HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Mikel Izquierdo, Jose Francisco Lopez-Gil, David Rincon-Pabon, Edwar Nicolas Martinez-Jamioy, Rosemberg Rivera-Ruiz, Sebastian Castellanos-Montana, Miguel Alejandro Atencio-Osorio, Hugo Alejandro Carrillo-Arango, Alicia M. M. Alonso-Martinez, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine whether Colombian preschool-aged children meet all three 24-hour movement guidelines and to explore the associations between socio-ecological correlates and meeting these guidelines. A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the National Survey of Nutritional Situation (ENSIN-2015) in Colombia, 2015-2016. The sample consisted of 3002 low-income preschoolers (3-4 years old, 50.7% boys). Data on physical activity, screen time, and sleep time were collected using a questionnaire reported by parents. The prevalence of preschoolers meeting all three 24-hour movement guidelines was 4.8%, and the prevalence of not meeting any of the guidelines was 16.6%. Boys and children without a television in their bedroom were more likely to meet all three movement guidelines. Strategies to promote adherence to these guidelines in low-income preschoolers should consider the importance of sex and home environment changes.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nicolas Girerd, Daniel Levy, Kevin Duarte, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Christie Ballantyne, Timothy Collier, Anne Pizard, Jens Bjoerkman, Javed Butler, Andrew Clark, John G. Cleland, Christian Delles, Javier Diez, Arantxa Gonzalez, Mark Hazebroek, Jennifer Ho, Anne-Cecile Huby, Shih-Jen Hwang, Roberto Latini, Beatrice Mariottoni, Alexandre Mebazaa, Pierpaolo Pellicori, Naveed Sattar, Peter Sever, Jan A. Staessen, Job Verdonschot, Stephane Heymans, Patrick Rossignol, Faiez Zannad
Summary: This study identified protein biomarkers associated with new-onset heart failure in three independent cohorts. The inclusion of these biomarkers in addition to clinical risk factors improved the prediction of heart failure risk. The B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were found to be particularly relevant in predicting heart failure.
CIRCULATION-HEART FAILURE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Masatake Kobayashi, Olivier Huttin, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Kevin Duarte, Arantxa Gonzalez, Stephane Heymans, Job A. J. Verdonschot, Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca, Pierpaolo L. Pellicori, Andrew Clark, Johannes Petutschnigg, Frank G. Edelmann, John Cleland, Patrick Rossignol, Faiez Zannad, Nicolas Girerd
Summary: This study validated the e' VM algorithm and explored its ability to identify subgroups that benefit from spironolactone. The algorithm characterized pre-clinical individuals with different cardiac structure and function, biomarkers, and long-term risk of heart failure. Among the participants, most had either diastolic changes or diastolic changes with structural remodeling phenotype, and the D/S phenotype had the highest levels of various parameters. Spironolactone significantly reduced certain parameters in the D/S phenotype but not in other phenotypes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Maria Iriarte-Fernandez, Guzman Santaf, Armando Malanda, John R. Beard, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Mikel Izquierdo
Summary: The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a framework for healthy aging that focuses on functional ability instead of absence of disease. In a prospective cohort study, the link between mortality and respiratory diseases was investigated in almost half a million adults. The study found that higher levels of functional ability were associated with increased risk of respiratory disease mortality, highlighting the importance of the WHO's framework in improving geriatric care.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Sport Sciences
Luis B. Fail, Daniel A. Marinho, Elisa A. Marques, Mario J. Costa, Catarina C. Santos, Mario C. Marques, Mikel Izquierdo, Henrique P. Neiva
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Nidia Huerta-Uribe, Maria J. Chueca-Guindulain, Sara Berrade-Zubiri, Elisabet Burillo-Sanchez, Mikel Izquierdo, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and physical activity and glycemic metrics in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The results showed that patients with fear of hypoglycemia were more active, less sedentary, and had similar glycemic metrics to those without fear. Therefore, fear of hypoglycemia may be less of a barrier to an active lifestyle than previously believed.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Parisa Aghagolzadeh, Isabelle Plaisance, Riccardo Bernasconi, Thomas A. Treibel, Carlos Pulido Quetglas, Tania Wyss, Leonore Wigger, Mohamed Nemir, Alexandre Sarre, Panagiotis Chouvardas, Rory Johnson, Arantxa Gonzalez, Thierry Pedrazzini
Summary: This study demonstrates the value of the lncRNA transcriptome in identifying different cell types in the heart. Specifically, the researchers identified lncRNAs that are uniquely expressed in myofibroblasts, a type of cardiac fibroblast associated with fibrosis. They also discovered that silencing a specific lncRNA called FIXER can limit fibrosis and improve heart function after infarction, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for cardiac fibrosis.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Andre O. Werneck, Raphael H. O. Araujo, Cecilia Anza-Ramirez, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Christian Garcia-Witulski, Nicolas Aguilar-Farias, Se-Sergio Baldew, Kabir P. Sadarangani, Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Gerson Ferrari, Felicia Canete, Ramfis Nieto-Martinez, Danilo R. Silva
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST) in South American countries, and analyzed their association with sociodemographic factors. The study showed that 70.3% of adults in South America met the PA guidelines, while 14.1% had elevated ST. Women were less likely to achieve recommended levels of PA. Individuals with higher education were more likely to have higher leisure-time PA but lower occupational PA and elevated ST. Older adults were less likely to participate in PA.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Sergio Oscoz-Ochandorena, Yesenia Garcia-Alonso, Nora Garcia-Alonso, Gaizka Legarra-Gorgonon, Julio Oteiza, Ander Ernaga Lorea, Mikel Izquierdo, Maria Correa-Rodriguez
Summary: This study assessed the differences in skeletal muscle energy metabolism between patients with long COVID syndrome (LCS) and healthy controls, and explored the mediating role of muscle power output in the relationship between COVID-19 and skeletal muscle energy metabolism. The results showed that patients with LCS had lower peak fat oxidation rates during exercise compared with healthy controls, potentially indicating impaired skeletal muscle function. Muscle power output predominantly mediated the relationship between peak fat oxidation and LCS.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Exal Garcia-Carrillo, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Rohit K. Thapa, Jose Afonso, Urs Granacher, Mikel Izquierdo
Summary: This systematic review examined the effects of upper-body plyometric training (UBPT) on physical fitness in healthy youth and young adult participants. The results showed that UBPT improved maximal strength, medicine ball throw performance, sport-specific throwing performance, and upper limb muscle volume compared to control conditions. However, the certainty of evidence for these recommendations is low.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Hector Gutierrez Espinoza, Felipe Araya-Quintanilla, Sebastian Pinto-Concha, Juan Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Jose Francisco Lopez-Gil, Robinson Ramirez-Velez
Summary: This study compares the short-term effects of a specific exercise programme and a general exercise programme on shoulder function in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). The results show that specific exercises have a larger effect than general exercises, although most differences did not reach the clinically important threshold.
BMJ OPEN SPORT & EXERCISE MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Geriatrics & Gerontology
E. Blanco-Rambo, Mikel Izquierdo, E. L. Cadore
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
N. Martinez Velilla, L. Lozano-Vicario, M. L. Saez de Asteasu, F. Zambom-Ferraresi, A. Galbete, M. Sanchez-Latorre, M. Izquierdo
Summary: This article examines the effectiveness of individualized exercise intervention in managing delirium in hospitalized older patients and finds that exercise intervention can significantly improve the condition of delirium. The Barthel Index can serve as a clinical marker for predicting the effectiveness of delirium improvement.
JOURNAL OF FRAILTY & AGING
(2023)
