Article
Gerontology
Morgan K. Taylor, Elizabeth J. Marsh, Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin
Summary: Research on aging and decision-making has grown in recent years, but little is known about how reliance on classic heuristics may differ across adulthood. In a study of participants aged 20-90 years old, it was found that both younger and older adults employed various heuristics equally to make decisions, except for the sunk-cost bias where older adults were more likely to avoid this fallacy.
PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sabrina D. D. Ross, Thomas Lachmann, Saskia Jaarsveld, Steffi G. G. Riedel-Heller, Francisca S. S. Rodriguez
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age and cognitive impairment on creativity. The results showed that older individuals scored lower in certain aspects of creativity, particularly in abstract reasoning. Additionally, cognitively impaired older adults had lower scores in creativity compared to cognitively healthy older adults and younger individuals. These findings suggest that while creativity remains relatively stable in older age, abstract reasoning skills may be affected by aging.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Viktoria Wagner, Fabian Kern, Oliver Hahn, Nicholas Schaum, Nicole Ludwig, Tobias Fehlmann, Annika Engel, Dominic Henn, Shusruto Rishik, Alina Isakova, Michelle Tan, Rene Sit, Norma Neff, Martin Hart, Eckart Meese, Steve Quake, Tony Wyss-Coray, Andreas Keller
Summary: By studying the expression of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in aging and rejuvenated mice, we found that the molecular aging trajectories are mostly tissue-specific, except for eight broadly deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs). These miRNAs were also found in circulating plasma and extracellular vesicles (EVs), while tissue-specific ncRNAs were less present. MiR-29c-3p had the strongest correlation with aging in solid organs, plasma, and EVs. In mice rejuvenated by heterochronic parabiosis, the level of miR-29c-3p was restored to a similar level as in young liver. MiR-29c-3p targets pathways related to the extracellular matrix and secretion, which are known to be involved in aging.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jayashree Srinivasan, Jessica N. Lancaster, Nandini Singarapu, Laura P. Hale, Lauren I. R. Ehrlich, Ellen R. Richie
Summary: Thymic epithelial cells and hematopoietic antigen presenting cells play essential roles in central tolerance, inducing negative selection or generation of regulatory T cells. Changes in TEC and HAPC subsets across the lifespan may have potential consequences for central tolerance. Age-associated alterations in T cell and Treg function relate to changes in thymic HAPC and TEC subsets.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jennifer L. Crawford, Tammy English, Todd S. Braver
Summary: This study examined the relationship between cognitive effort decision-making and engagement in mentally demanding activities in daily life among both younger and older adults. The results showed that older adults had higher cognitive effort costs compared to younger adults, and these costs were reduced in the loss frame. Participants with lower effort costs in the gain frame tended to engage in more mentally demanding activities, while the opposite pattern was observed in the loss frame.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evan G. Williams, Niklas Pfister, Suheeta Roy, Cyril Statzer, Jack Haverty, Jesse Ingels, Casey Bohl, Moaraj Hasan, Jelena Cuklina, Peter Buhlmann, Nicola Zamboni, Lu Lu, Collin Y. Ewald, Robert W. Williams, Ruedi Aebersold
Summary: We analyzed the liver transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of BXD mice to study the effects of diet and aging on molecular variations and metabolic traits. We identified genes associated with longevity and found common diet-related candidate genes across datasets. Our study provides insights into causal connections between diet, aging, and metabolic traits.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mu-Hsing Ho, Hui-Chen (Rita) Chang, Megan F. Liu, Hui-Wen Chien, Li-Yu Tang, Su-Yuan Chan, Su-Hui Liu, Shibu John, Victoria Traynor
Summary: This study summarized the applicability of various decision-making tools for individuals with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and their families. The review identified different types of decision-making tools and validated tools that can facilitate the decision-making process for everyday activities and medical treatment decisions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andre Luiz Q. Reis, Ricardo M. Stenders, Isabela S. Alves, Renan A. Camara, Alba R. A. Arana, Jose Carlos C. Amorim, Edson R. Andrade
Summary: This study explores the mathematical correlation between indexes characterizing a territory's susceptibility to flooding and the potential damage caused to the public, while also considering the cognitive influence of decision-makers on risk perception. The results offer a new perspective for natural disaster management assessment by estimating the impact of decision-makers' intellectual selfperception on outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tiasha Saha Roy, Satyaki Mazumder, Koel Das
Summary: Combining weighted averages of individual decision variables results in better performance than majority pooling algorithm; classification error rates from individual judgement increase with task difficulty, but can be significantly reduced by using group aggregation rules; the benefits of group aggregation may depend on the correlation between individual judgements.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Chao Lu, Hongliang Lu, Danni Chen, Haoyang Wang, Penghui Li, Jianwei Gong
Summary: This paper proposes a hierarchical reinforcement learning-based framework called Cog MP, which combines cognitive maps and motion primitives in human-like decision making. The framework integrates operational, decision-making, and cognitive levels in autonomous driving systems, and is used to make human-like decisions in lane-changing scenarios.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yi Sun, Yaobin Lu, Bin Wang, Weiguo (Patrick) Fan
Summary: With the rise of digital transformation, Virtual Reality (VR) technology has gained attention for its ability to remove physical interaction restrictions, making it a key technology for building the metaverse. The VR industry is shifting towards soft VR, which has a larger market but is less researched. This study aims to explore the role of soft VR technology in promoting consumers' initial decision-making and found that it significantly increases consumer attention and prompts decision-making. The study contributes to understanding the impact of soft VR on consumer behavior.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Caitlin A. Orsini, Wonn S. Pyon, Richard J. Dragone, Mojdeh Faraji, Alexa-Rae Wheeler, Marjory Pompilus, Marcelo Febo, Jennifer L. Bizon, Barry Setlow
Summary: Altered decision making at advanced ages can impact quality of life and personal independence. Rodent models have been useful in understanding age-related changes in decision making, but have focused mostly on rewards and timing, neglecting the potential risk of adverse consequences. This study used a rat model to examine age-related changes in decision making and identified potential cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms, finding that aged rats displayed greater risk aversion and changes in brain connectivity.
Article
Cell Biology
A. T. Lu, Z. Fei, A. Haghani, T. R. Robeck, J. A. Zoller, C. Z. Li, R. Lowe, Q. Yan, J. Zhang, H. Vu, J. Ablaeva, V. A. Acosta-Rodriguez, D. M. Adams, J. Almunia, A. Aloysius, R. Ardehali, A. Arneson, C. S. Baker, G. Banks, K. Belov, N. C. Bennett, P. Black, D. T. Blumstein, E. K. Bors, C. E. Breeze, R. T. Brooke, J. L. Brown, G. G. Carter, A. Caulton, J. M. Cavin, L. Chakrabarti, I. Chatzistamou, H. Chen, K. Cheng, P. Chiavellini, O. W. Choi, S. M. Clarke, L. N. Cooper, M. L. Cossette, J. Day, J. DeYoung, S. DiRocco, C. Dold, E. E. Ehmke, C. K. Emmons, S. Emmrich, E. Erbay, C. Erlacher-Reid, C. G. Faulkes, S. H. Ferguson, C. J. Finno, J. E. Flower, J. M. Gaillard, E. Garde, L. Gerber, V. N. Gladyshev, V. Gorbunova, R. G. Goya, M. J. Grant, C. B. Green, E. N. Hales, M. B. Hanson, D. W. Hart, M. Haulena, K. Herrick, A. N. Hogan, C. J. Hogg, T. A. Hore, T. Huang, J. C. Izpisua Belmonte, A. J. Jasinska, G. Jones, E. Jourdain, O. Kashpur, H. Katcher, E. Katsumata, V. Kaza, H. Kiaris, M. S. Kobor, P. Kordowitzki, W. R. Koski, M. Kruetzen, S. B. Kwon, B. Larison, S. G. Lee, M. Lehmann, J. F. Lemaitre, A. J. Levine, C. Li, X. Li, A. R. Lim, D. T. S. Lin, D. M. Lindemann, T. J. Little, N. Macoretta, D. Maddox, C. O. Matkin, J. A. Mattison, M. McClure, J. Mergl, J. J. Meudt, G. A. Montano, K. Mozhui, J. Munshi-South, A. Naderi, M. Nagy, P. Narayan, P. W. Nathanielsz, N. B. Nguyen, C. Niehrs, J. K. O'Brien, P. O'Tierney Ginn, D. T. Odom, A. G. Ophir, S. Osborn, E. A. Ostrander, K. M. Parsons, K. C. Paul, M. Pellegrini, K. J. Peters, A. B. Pedersen, J. L. Petersen, D. W. Pietersen, G. M. Pinho, J. Plassais, J. R. Poganik, N. A. Prado, P. Reddy, B. Rey, B. R. Ritz, J. Robbins, M. Rodriguez, J. Russell, E. Rydkina, L. L. Sailer, A. B. Salmon, A. Sanghavi, K. M. Schachtschneider, D. Schmitt, T. Schmitt, L. Schomacher, L. B. Schook, K. E. Sears, A. W. Seifert, A. Seluanov, A. B. A. Shafer, D. Shanmuganayagam, A. V. Shindyapina, M. Simmons, K. Singh, I. Sinha, J. Slone, R. G. Snell, E. Soltanmaohammadi, M. L. Spangler, M. C. Spriggs, L. Staggs, N. Stedman, K. J. Steinman, D. T. Stewart, V. J. Sugrue, B. Szladovits, J. S. Takahashi, M. Takasugi, E. C. Teeling, M. J. Thompson, B. Van Bonn, S. C. Vernes, D. Villar, H. V. Vinters, M. C. Wallingford, N. Wang, R. K. Wayne, G. S. Wilkinson, C. K. Williams, R. W. Williams, X. W. Yang, M. Yao, B. G. Young, B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, P. Zhao, Y. Zhao, W. Zhou, J. Zimmermann, J. Ernst, K. Raj, S. Horvath
Summary: This study demonstrates the development of universal pan-mammalian clocks using DNA methylation profiles, accurately estimating the age of mammalian tissues. The age deviations are correlated with human mortality risk, mouse somatotropic axis mutations, and caloric restriction. The identification and characterization of evolutionarily conserved cytosine methylation patterns related to age highlight the interplay between aging and developmental processes across mammals.
Article
Neurosciences
Chih-Chin Heather Hsu, Chu-Chung Huang, Shih-Jen Tsai, Liang-Kung Chen, Hui-Chun Li, Chun-Yi Zac Lo, Ching-Po Lin
Summary: Our study showed that white matter (WM) integrity changes with age are influenced by sex, with female sex-linked tracts reaching the turning age 5 years later but changing faster than those in males after the turning age. Projection and association tracts had a significant impact on visuospatial and executive functions. The results suggest that sex plays a role in both WM microstructure and cognitive functions, affecting the age-WM-cognition relationship. The vulnerability of projection and association tracts in females may lead to negative impacts on cognitive functions.
BRAIN CONNECTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. Tyler Boyd-Meredith, Alex T. Piet, Emily Jane Dennis, Ahmed El Hady, Carlos D. Brody
Summary: In this study, a leaky accumulation model was used to predict rats' changes of mind during decision making in a dynamic environment. The results showed that the frontal orienting fields (FOF) encoded accumulated evidence throughout the decision formation process, allowing for rapid motor execution when it is time to act.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Correction
Neurosciences
Philipp Homan, Ifat Levy, Eric Feltham, Charles Gordon, Jingchu Hu, Jian Li, Robert H. Pietrzak, Steven Southwick, John H. Krystal, Ilan Harpaz-Rotem, Daniela Schiller
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Biology
Silvia Lopez-Guzman, Anna B. Konova, Paul W. Glimcher
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2019)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew Caplin, Masoud Ghandehari, Chris Lim, Paul Glimcher, George Thurston
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Oriel FeldmanHall, Paul Glimcher, Augustus L. Baker, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Karen Blackmon, Orrin Devinsky, Werner K. Doyle, Daniel J. Luciano, Ruben I. Kuzniecky, Michael Meager, Siddhartha S. Nadkarni, Blanca Vazquez, Soul Najjar, Eric Geller, John G. Golfinos, Dimitris G. Placantonakis, Daniel Friedman, Jeffrey H. Wisoff, Uzma Samadani
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kai Steverson, Hui-Kuan Chung, Jan Zimmermann, Kenway Louie, Paul Glimcher
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Psychiatry
Anna B. Konova, Silvia Lopez-Guzman, Adelya Urmanche, Stephen Ross, Kenway Louie, John Rotrosen, Paul W. Glimcher
Article
Management
Ryan Webb, Paul W. Glimcher, Kenway Louie
Summary: Consumer valuations are influenced by choice sets and alterations within these sets. The study suggests that divisive normalization model captures observed behavior more accurately than other models. In general, divisive normalization offers an efficient means for the brain to represent valuations given neurobiological constraints.
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Biological
Ryan Webb, Paul W. Glimcher, Kenway Louie
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2020)
Review
Neurosciences
Ohad Dan, Emily K. Wertheimer, Ifat Levy
Summary: Obesity is a complex condition influenced by various factors, and value-based decision making provides a useful framework for understanding it at an individual level. The disciplines of behavioral economics and reinforcement learning help identify specific cognitive and motivational processes related to obesity, while neuroeconomics studies the neural mechanisms underlying these processes. A survey of recent literature on individual decision characteristics related to obesity found consistent and inconsistent behavioral findings, highlighting the need to explore multiple processes within individuals to identify unique behavioral profiles associated with obesity and inform tailored interventions.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Stephen L. Cheung, Agnieszka Tymula, Xueting Wang
Summary: This paper compares estimates of present bias for money and food, and finds a moderate correlation between the two. Furthermore, experimental measures of time preferences can predict field behaviors.
EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuri Imaizumi, Agnieszka Tymula, Yasuhiro Tsubo, Masayuki Matsumoto, Hiroshi Yamada
Summary: This study demonstrates that the activity of individual neurons in reward-related regions can represent subjective valuations, consistent with prospect theory. A network model that aggregates these signals can reconstruct an animal's risk preferences and subjective probability weighting.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Business, Finance
Alex Berger, Agnieszka Tymula
Summary: The illusion of control does not affect choices under risk but increases ambiguity tolerance, bridging the gap between psychology and economics literature.
JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Paul W. Glimcher, Agnieszka A. Tymula
Summary: We propose a descriptive model of choice based on efficient value representation in the brain. Our model is a special case of Expected Utility Theory and can explain behaviors predicted by Prospect Theory. With only two parameters, it captures the Allais Paradox and sheds light on the computational origins and evolution of risk attitudes and aversion to outcomes below the reference point. It offers novel explanations of the endowment effect, heterogeneity in probability weighting functions, and the Allais Paradox with fewer parameters and higher descriptive accuracy than Prospect Theory.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION
(2023)
Article
Economics
Ryan Webb, Ifat Levy, Stephanie C. Lazzaro, Robb B. Rutledge, Paul W. Glimcher
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE PSYCHOLOGY AND ECONOMICS
(2019)
Article
Economics
Kai Steverson, Adam Brandenburger, Paul Glimcher
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION
(2019)