Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. L. P. G. Amaral, V. E. R. Lemes, O. S. Ventura, L. C. Q. Vilar
Summary: After the phase transition of a grand unified theory, the couplings of the basic interactions split from the single coupling. In the symmetric phase, the couplings associated with SU(2) and U(1) symmetries were already distinct before the electroweak breaking, as determined by the measurement of the Weinberg mixing angle. Each independent coupling should be associated with independent cocycles defined on a cohomological basis from the perspective of BRST symmetry.
Review
Physics, Applied
Luojun Du, Tawfique Hasan, Andres Castellanos-Gomez, Gui-Bin Liu, Yugui Yao, Chun Ning Lau, Zhipei Sun
Summary: Symmetry breaking plays a significant role in determining physical phenomena and quantum phase transitions in 2D materials. Engineering symmetry breaking of 2D materials offers opportunities to tune physical properties and introduce new physics and technological innovations. Various approaches have been developed to engineer symmetry breaking in 2D materials, leading to new perspectives on applications and physics.
NATURE REVIEWS PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. de la Torre, K. L. Seyler, L. Zhao, S. Di Matteo, M. S. Scheurer, Y. Li, B. Yu, M. Greven, S. Sachdev, M. R. Norman, D. Hsieh
Summary: The study reveals the existence of a magneto-chiral state in cuprates that may be relevant to superconductivity, with its characteristics still captured at extremely low temperatures.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohamed Ismail Abdelrahman, Evgeniia Slivina, Carsten Rockstuhl, Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton
Summary: This study investigates the effects of perturbatively breaking rotational symmetry and electromagnetic duality symmetry on backscattering, finding that backscattering can be almost entirely suppressed by deliberately breaking duality symmetry.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huimin Zhang, Basu Dev Oli, Qiang Zou, Xu Guo, Zhengfei Wang, Lian Li
Summary: In FeSn, we observe the symemtry-breaking and tunable electronic orders in the Kagome lattice by applying a magnetic field, providing a new avenue for studying the unique quantum states in Kagome lattice.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Jianbo Yu, Binze Ma, Ao Ouyang, Pintu Ghosh, Hao Luo, Arnab Pattanayak, Sandeep Kaur, Min Qiu, Pavel Belov, Qiang Li
Summary: Dielectric super-absorbing metasurfaces achieve super-high absorption rates by breaking parity-time symmetry, opening up new possibilities in optical sensing, thermal emission, photovoltaics, and photodetection devices.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Louis William Rogowski, Jamel Ali, Xiao Zhang, James N. Wilking, Henry C. Fu, Min Jun Kim
Summary: This study demonstrates the spontaneous symmetry-breaking propulsion of rotating spherical microparticles within non-Newtonian fluids, providing new possibilities for microscale propulsion technology. The existence of two equal and opposite propulsion states along the sphere's rotation axis challenges previous symmetry analysis and offers insights into novel propulsion mechanisms for microswimmers.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Le-Ping Miao, Lin-Lin Chu, Xiang-Bin Han, Bei-Dou Liang, Chao-Yang Chai, Chang-Chun Fan, Xiao-Xu Wang, Ye-Feng Yao, Wen Zhang
Summary: A molecular rotor crystal was reported to exhibit a unique structural phase transition-induced ferroelasticity with unconventional inverse temperature symmetry breaking (ITSB). The crystal undergoes a phase transition at 263 K, driven by unequal motions of the peripheral tert-butyl rotators and anisotropic steric repulsion among the molecules, resulting in a coordinated molecular movement. This study may pave the way for designing and exploring new types of dynamic functional materials.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Beatriz C. Dias, Domagoj Perkovic, Masudul Haque, Pedro Ribeiro, Paul A. McClarty
Summary: We investigated the impact of quantum noise on measurement-induced quantum phase transition in monitored random quantum circuits. By simulating random Clifford circuits efficiently, we discovered that the transition is broadened into a crossover and the phase diagram exhibits distinct regimes based on projective measurements and noise. We demonstrated that mapping the problem to a classical statistical mechanics problem can explain the main features of the phase diagram, with bulk noise mapping to explicit permutation symmetry-breaking coupling.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xianbao Li, Qi Li, Aoli Wu, Junbai Li
Summary: Symmetry of layered dipeptide crystals can be broken by utilizing CO2, which induces adjacent monomolecular layers to stack in the same direction. CO2 covers the interlayer interaction sites, forcing the dipeptides to adsorb asymmetrically. The dipeptide crystals exhibit enhanced piezoelectricity and the piezoelectric voltage generated from dipeptide-based generators is increased by more than 500% after symmetry breaking. This work provides a potential route to engineer structures and properties of layered materials, and offers insights into the control of non-covalent interactions.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Bannikov, R. S. Akzyanov, N. K. Zhurbina, S. Khaldeev, Yu G. Selivanov, V. V. Zavyalov, A. L. Rakhmanov, A. Yu Kuntsevich
Summary: Researchers conducted experiments on the anisotropy of the upper critical magnetic field H_c2 in high-quality SrxBi2Se3 single crystals, and observed that the anisotropy smoothly decreases with increasing temperature, contradicting theoretical predictions.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Matan Even Tzur, Ofer Neufeld, Avner Fleischer, Oren Cohen
Summary: Floquet systems often exhibit dynamical symmetries (DS) that govern the time-dependent dynamics and result in selection rules. When these symmetries are broken, deviations in selection rules are systematically imposed on the symmetry-broken system, which manifest as scaling laws of these deviations. This discovery provides a new insight into the interplay between selection rule deviations, symmetry breaking perturbations, and broken dynamical symmetries.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Bennett Palmer, Alvaro Pampano
Summary: This paper demonstrates the existence of a symmetry breaking bifurcation for a specific one parameter family of axially symmetric disc type solutions of a membrane equation with fixed boundary using Crandall and Rabinowitz's bifurcation theory. Instead of directly dealing with the fourth order membrane equation, a second order reduction derived in Palmer and Pampano (2022) is utilized to simplify the problem-solving process.
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
G. Endrodi, T. G. Kovacs, G. Marko
Summary: This study investigates spontaneously broken quantum field theories with a continuous global symmetry group using the constraint effective potential approach. It finds that the path integral is dominated by inhomogeneous field configurations related to the flatness of the effective potential in the broken phase. The study introduces the concept of differential surface tension to characterize inhomogeneities and explores possible implications for the chiral limit of QCD.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Xuecai Zhang, Junhong Deng, Yutao Tang, Yang Li, Guanqing Zhang, Zixian Hu, Guixin Li
Summary: Symmetry plays an important role in determining the properties of nonlinear optical waves in crystals. The symmetry in photonic meta-crystals can be easily controlled, allowing for the tailoring of their linear and nonlinear optical properties. By introducing coupling between adjacent plasmonic meta-atoms, the symmetry of nonlinear meta-crystals can be manipulated, leading to the observation of second harmonic generations. This methodology can be used to develop nonlinear nanophotonic devices with multiple functionalities.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Nilesh M. Agalave, Resti Rudjito, Alex Bersellini Farinotti, Payam Emami Khoonsari, Katalin Sandor, Yuki Nomura, Thomas A. Szabo-Pardi, Carlos Morado Urbina, Vinko Palada, Theodore J. Price, Helena Erlandsson Harris, Michael D. Burton, Kim Kultima, Camilla Svensson
Summary: The study explored the differential effects of TLR4-activating HMGB1 on microglia in male and female mice, finding higher cytokine and chemokine expression in males. Only male mice were protected from HMGB1-induced mechanical hypersensitivity with TLR4 ablation in myeloid-derived cells and minocycline treatment. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed upregulation of antinociceptive proteins in male mice after minocycline administration, with alpha-1-antitrypsin offering partial protection against HMGB1-induced pain specifically in males.
Article
Anesthesiology
Resti Rudjito, Nilesh M. Agalave, Alex Bersellini Farinotti, Peter Lundback, Thomas A. Szabo-Pardi, Theodore J. Price, Helena Erlandsson Harris, Michael D. Burton, Camilla Svensson
Summary: The study found elevated expression of HMGB1 in ankle joints of male and female mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis. Blocking peripheral HMGB1 reversed hypersensitivity only in male mice. The study also showed a sex- and cellular location-dependent roles of HMGB1 and TLR4 in peripheral pain mechanisms.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jacob Lackovic, Theodore J. Price, Gregory Dussor
Summary: This study indicates that protein synthesis plays a critical role in the development of priming in preclinical models of migraine, suggesting that targeting the regulation of protein synthesis may offer new approaches for migraine treatment strategies.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Keira J. A. Johnston, Joey Ward, Pradipta R. Ray, Mark J. Adams, Andrew M. McIntosh, Blair H. Smith, Rona J. Strawbridge, Theodore J. Price, Daniel J. Smith, Barbara Nicholl, Mark E. S. Bailey
Summary: This study found significant differences in chronic pain between males and females, with gender-specific genes and SNPs closely associated with chronic pain. While male and female chronic pain were highly genetically correlated, there were differences between the sexes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amanda Avona, Theodore J. Price, Gregory Dussor
Summary: The study found that stimulation of upper body regions with IL-6 can cause widespread hypersensitivity spreading to the paws, but similar stimulation of the lower body does not cause the spread of hypersensitivity into the head. These findings are consistent with whole body hypersensitivity being specific to conditions such as migraine where pain is present in the head.
JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Katelyn E. Sadler, Francie Moehring, Stephanie Shiers, Lauren J. Laskowski, Alexander R. Mikesell, Zakary R. Plautz, Allison N. Brezinski, Christina M. Mecca, Gregory Dussor, Theodore J. Price, John D. McCorvy, Cheryl L. Stucky
Summary: The study identified TRPC5 as a key contributor to tactile and spontaneous pain in multiple rodent pain models, particularly in conditions characterized by elevated LPC concentrations. 75% of human sensory neurons express TRPC5, and its activity is directly modulated by LPC.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Adam W. Watson, Adam D. Grant, Sara S. Parker, Samantha Hill, Michael B. Whalen, Jayati Chakrabarti, Michael W. Harman, Mackenzie R. Roman, Brittany L. Forte, Cody C. Gowan, Raul Castro-Portuguez, Lindsey K. Stolze, Christian Franck, Darren A. Cusanovich, Yana Zavros, Megha Padi, Casey E. Romanoski, Ghassan Mouneimne
Summary: Breast cancer cells show distinct metastatic phenotypes in response to fibrotic-like matrix stiffness, which are maintained by RUNX2 transcription factor. The mechanical conditioning score (MeCo) is associated with bone metastasis in breast cancer patients, suggesting its potential as a predictive marker.
Article
Biology
Theresa Hwang, Sara S. Parker, Samantha M. Hill, Robert A. Grant, Meucci W. Ilunga, Venkatesh Sivaraman, Ghassan Mouneimne, Amy E. Keating
Summary: The study explores the importance of sequence context surrounding short linear motifs (SLiMs) in protein-protein interactions in the human proteome. By focusing on the EVH1 domain of human ENAH, the researchers discovered new interaction partners and mechanisms by which context influences binding. The findings highlight the diverse control mechanisms of EVH1 interactions and emphasize the need to understand SLiMs in their native context.
Article
Biology
Theresa Hwang, Sara S. Parker, Samantha M. Hill, Meucci W. Ilunga, Robert A. Grant, Ghassan Mouneimne, Amy E. Keating
Summary: The study reveals that the protein PCARE has a high specificity for binding to ENAH over paralogs VASP and EVL, inhibiting ENAH-dependent adhesion in cells. PCARE achieves specificity by stabilizing a conformation of the ENAH EVH1 domain that is inaccessible to other family members. The research uncovers a mechanism of interaction specificity that can differentiate highly similar paralogs and provides tools for studying Ena/VASP functions in processes such as cancer cell invasion.
Article
Cell Biology
R. Vivian Allahyari, Nicolette M. Heinsinger, Daniel Hwang, David A. Jaffe, Javad Rasouli, Stephanie Shiers, Samantha J. Thomas, Theodore J. Price, Abdolmohamad Rostami, Angelo C. Lepore
Summary: This study investigates the astrocyte heterogeneity in the spinal cord and its potential role in synaptic generation. The results suggest that the distribution of astrocyte subpopulations and the expression of synapse formation-associated genes did not change significantly after spinal cord injury in mice. These findings indicate a possible conservation of spinal cord astrocyte heterogeneity across species.
Article
Cell Biology
Sara S. Parker, Kenneth Tran Ly, Adam D. Grant, Jillian Sweetland, Ashley M. M. Wang, James D. D. Parker, Mackenzie R. R. Roman, Kathylynn Saboda, Denise J. J. Roe, Megha Padi, Charles W. W. Wolgemuth, Paul Langlais, Ghassan Mouneimne
Summary: Dendritic filopodia (DF) are precursors of dendritic spines and play a critical role in synaptic formation and neural connectivity. The study reveals that the Ena/VASP protein EVL complexes with the I-BAR protein MIM/MTSS1 to promote protrusion of DF. This finding enhances our understanding of neural plasticity and has implications for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Samantha M. Hill, Marco Padilla-Rodriguez, Amber Clements, Jillian A. Sweetland, Sara S. Parker, Noel A. Warfel, Ghassan Mouneimne
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional in vitro assay was developed to quantify cancer cell invasion into a 3D microenvironment with defined biochemical and biophysical properties. The assay allows researchers to measure invasion dynamics and observe morphological changes using live-cell and confocal imaging techniques. This method provides a valuable tool for gaining insight into the mechanisms regulating cancer cell invasion, with advantages over traditional transwell-based assays.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Steven J. Middleton, Allison M. Barry, Maddalena Comini, Yan Li, Pradipta R. Ray, Stephanie Shiers, Andreas C. Themistocleous, Megan L. Uhelski, Xun Yang, Patrick M. Dougherty, Theodore J. Price, David L. Bennett
Summary: Studying human nociceptors has led to significant advances in understanding chronic pain mechanisms and identifying potential new therapeutic targets. However, challenges remain in implementing these techniques at scale, generating a full diversity of nociceptor populations from induced pluripotent stem cells, and understanding inter-individual variation in nociceptors.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jenolyn F. Alexander, Alexandre Seua, Luis D. Arroyo, Pradipta R. Ray, Andi Wangzhou, Laura Heiss-Lueckemann, Manfred Schedlowski, Theodore J. Price, Annemieke Kavelaars, Cobi J. Heijnen
Summary: The study demonstrated that nasal administration of mitochondria isolated from human mesenchymal stem cells restored cognitive function in mice and reversed cisplatin-induced cognitive deficits by altering gene expression in the hippocampus.
Review
Neurosciences
Amelia J. McFarland, Muhammad S. Yousuf, Stephanie Shiers, Theodore J. Price
Summary: COVID-19 infection interacts with the peripheral nervous system to induce pain through multiple potential mechanisms, including direct and indirect effects on neuronal excitability to promote and worsen pain states.
