Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haina Zhang, Yeling Wang, Hongbo Men, Wenqian Zhou, Shanshan Zhou, Quan Liu, Lu Cai
Summary: CARD9 is a crucial adaptor protein involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. By regulating signaling pathways and cytokine production, CARD9 plays a significant role in the development of CVDs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Wenyuan Li, Yao Wang
Summary: Eukaryotic cells form stress granules (SGs) in response to external pressure such as heat shock, oxidative stress, nutrient deficiencies, or infections, which play important roles in gene expression and cellular homeostasis. Pathogen invasion induces SGs formation by leveraging the host cell translation machinery. The host cell suspends translation to resist pathogen invasion, leading to the formation of SGs. This article reviews the production and function of SGs, the interaction between SGs and pathogens, and the relationship between SGs and pathogen-induced innate immunity to guide further research into strategies against infection and inflammatory diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kang Geng, Xiumei Ma, Zongzhe Jiang, Wei Huang, Chenlin Gao, Yueli Pu, Lifang Luo, Youhua Xu, Yong Xu
Summary: Recent studies have shown that the interaction between immune and metabolic responses is crucial for maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis, playing a significant role in the development of chronic diseases. In diabetic wound healing, the abnormal activation of innate immune cells is essential in triggering and sustaining inflammation. Targeting these innate immune pathways and reprogramming immune cell phenotypes show great potential in diabetic wound therapy.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Haidy A. Saleh, Mohamed H. Yousef, Anwar Abdelnaser
Summary: The innate immune response triggers inflammation and maintains immune homeostasis through epigenetic modifications. Studies have shown the significant impact of epigenetic changes in inflammatory diseases and tumor development, while also highlighting the potential of naturally-derived phytochemicals in regulating these processes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arturo Gonzalez de la Aleja, Cristina Herrero, Monica Torres-Torresano, Maria Teresa Schiaffino, Alejandro del Castillo, Barbara Alonso, Miguel A. A. Vega, Amaya Puig-Kroger, Antonio Castrillo, Angel L. Corbi
Summary: Monocyte-derived macrophages play a role in inflammatory diseases and their functions are influenced by the extracellular environment. Liver X Receptors (LXRs) control cholesterol metabolism and macrophage differentiation. Inhibition of LXRs can promote the anti-inflammatory gene and functional profile of human macrophages in a MAFB-dependent manner.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Arturo Gonzalez de la Aleja, Cristina Herrero, Monica Torres-Torresano, Juan Vladimir de la Rosa, Barbara Alonso, Enrique Capa-Sardon, Ittai B. Muller, Gerrit Jansen, Amaya Puig-Kroeger, Miguel A. Vega, Antonio Castrillo, Angel L. Corbi
Summary: LXR activation limits the anti-inflammatory polarization of human macrophages and promotes the acquisition of an inflammatory profile, which is associated with the expression of specific genes and the release of activin A.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Jagadeesh Bayry, Eisha A. Ahmed, Diana Toscano-Rivero, Nicholas Vonniessen, Genevieve Genest, Casey G. Cohen, Marieme Dembele, Srini Kaveri, Bruce D. Mazer
Summary: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plays a crucial role in the treatment of humoral immune deficiencies and inflammatory disorders. While targeted therapies are emerging, the multifunctionality of IVIG as both an effector and regulatory molecule is noteworthy. This article explores the mechanism of action of IVIG in various resistant conditions and highlights mechanistic studies that shed light on its effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Bo Qin, Shichao Yu, Qiming Chen, Li Hua Jin
Summary: Autophagy is an essential cellular process that regulates development and stress responses. However, its role in innate immunity is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that Atg2, an autophagy-related protein, plays an important role in controlling innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster. Inhibiting Atg2 led to the formation of melanotic nodules, disrupted phagocytosis, altered the expression of AMP-encoding genes, and impaired the ability to resist bacterial infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ning-Xia Xiong, Sheng-Wei Luo, Zhuang-Wen Mao, Lan-Fen Fan, Kai-Kun Luo, Shi Wang, Fang-Zhou Hu, Ming Wen, Qing-Feng Liu, Shao-Jun Liu
Summary: The study revealed that Ferritin H in hybrid fish plays an important role in regulating fish immunity, with its fusion proteins exhibiting direct binding activity to A. hydrophila and reducing inflammation. These findings suggest that Ferritin H in hybrid fish elicits a similar immune response to A. hydrophila-induced inflammation compared to its parental species.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sukhvinder Singh, Pawan Kumar Singh, Ashok Kumar
Summary: This study investigated the role of butyrate, a gut microbial metabolite, in the pathobiology of intraocular bacterial infection. The results showed that butyrate can reduce bacterial growth and retinal inflammation, and protect ocular tissue and retinal function. Additionally, butyrate can induce the expression of antimicrobial molecules and autophagy pathway, promoting bacterial killing. Therefore, butyrate derivatives could be explored as immunomodulatory and anti-bacterial therapeutics for ocular bacterial infections.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xishuai Tong, Gengsheng Yu, Xiaohui Fu, Ruilong Song, Jianhong Gu, Zongping Liu
Summary: Osteoclastogenesis is regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors, and is closely related to autophagy, inflammation, and immunity. Studies on osteoclastogenesis induced by different regulatory aspects have provided new directions for osteoclast differentiation and function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Andrea Farini, Chiara Villa, Luana Tripodi, Mariella Legato, Yvan Torrente
Summary: Muscular dystrophies and inflammatory myopathies are muscular disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and mass loss, with shared features of inflammation and immune response. Immune mechanisms involved include complement cascade activation and auto-antibodies directed against muscular proteins.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Akihiro Nishiguchi, Tetsushi Taguchi
Summary: The study reports the discovery of a compound, bOEI, which has both anti-inflammatory properties and biocompatibility. It suppresses inflammatory responses by scavenging reactive oxygen species and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B, and its conjugate with hyaluronic acid enhances anti-inflammatory functions. In a murine ulcerative colitis model, this polyamine-conjugated biopolymer shows therapeutic potential by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Yosra Bedoui, Dauriane De Larichaudy, Matthieu Daniel, Franck Ah-Pine, Jimmy Selambarom, Pascale Guiraud, Philippe Gasque
Summary: Old world alphaviruses, such as chikungunya, can cause severe arthralgia/arthritis. However, they can also lead to atypical neurological manifestations, including acute inflammatory Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). This study explored the role of Schwann cells (SC) in GBS following alphavirus infection. The researchers found that SC expressed the alphavirus receptor MxRA8, allowing viral entry and replication. Additionally, they observed immune responses and changes in gene expression in infected SC, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of GBS.
Article
Oncology
Janani Panneerselvam, Venkateshwar Madka, Rajani Rai, Katherine T. Morris, Courtney W. Houchen, Parthasarathy Chandrakesan, Chinthalapally V. Rao
Summary: The Western-style diet high in fat is a major cause of obesity and increased risk of colon cancer, with inflammatory molecules playing a key role in the connection between obesity and colon tumorigenesis. IL-23 is significant in the impact of a Western-style diet on obesity, gut microbiome, and colon tumorigenesis, suggesting it as a potential target for prevention and treatment. Pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and gut bacterial toxins facilitate IL-23 production, which is crucial in the progression of obesity-associated colon tumors.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Silvia Bonanno, Riccardo Zanin, Luca Bello, Irene Tramacere, Virginia Bozzoni, Luca Caumo, Manfredi Ferraro, Sara Bortolani, Gianni Soraru, Mauro Silvestrini, Veria Vacchiano, Mara Turri, Raffaella Tanel, Rocco Liguori, Michela Coccia, Renato Emilio Mantegazza, Tiziana Mongini, Elena Pegoraro, Lorenzo Maggi
Summary: This study retrospectively evaluated the quality of life (QoL) in adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) during nusinersen treatment. The results showed that the QoL significantly improved in all domains except for muscle locking and pain. The study also found that emotions and social relationships were more relevant for females compared to males, and social relationships were affected by longer disease duration. Activities improved more in non-walker patients. The HFMSE and RULM motor function assessments also significantly improved.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Andreas Meisel, Fulvio Baggi, Anthony Behin, Amelia Evoli, Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk, Renato Mantegazza, Raul Juntas Morales, Anna Rostedt Punga, Sabrina Sacconi, Michael Schroeter, Jan Verschuuren, Louise Crathorne, Kris Holmes, Maria-Isabel Leite
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christos Stergiou, Rhys Williams, Jennifer R. R. Fleming, Vasiliki Zouvelou, Elpinickie Ninou, Francesca Andreetta, Elena Rinaldi, Ornella Simoncini, Renato Mantegazza, Julius Bogomolovas, John Tzartos, Siegfried Labeit, Olga Mayans, Socrates Tzartos
Summary: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease caused by antibodies targeting the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles. The major autoantigen is nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Thymus and thymoma play critical roles in the mechanisms and management of the disease. This study focused on the localization of titin epitopes to develop more specific anti-titin diagnostics.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Fiammetta Vanoli, Renato Mantegazza
Summary: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction. Current treatments rely on nonselective immunosuppression, but have significant side effects and some patients are refractory. Ravulizumab, a selective immunosuppressive drug, has shown promising results in a randomized-controlled study (CHAMPION MG).
EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
(2023)
Letter
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fiammetta Vanoli, Renato Mantegazza
EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eleonora Giagnorio, Claudia Malacarne, Paola Cavalcante, Letizia Scandiffio, Marco Cattaneo, Viviana Pensato, Cinzia Gellera, Nilo Riva, Angelo Quattrini, Eleonora Dalla Bella, Giuseppe Lauria, Renato Mantegazza, Silvia Bonanno, Stefania Marcuzzo
Summary: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons (UMNs, LMNs) and miR-146a dysregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS. In this study, miR-146a levels were increased in ALS peripheral nerves and decreased in the serum of ALS patients, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andreas Meisel, Djillali Annane, Tuan Vu, Renato Mantegazza, Masahisa Katsuno, Rasha Aguzzi, Glen Frick, Laura F. Gault, James Howard Jr
Summary: This study analyzed the interim results of an ongoing open-label extension study to evaluate the long-term treatment effects of ravulizumab in patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis. The findings showed that ravulizumab demonstrated sustained efficacy and safety in improving the disease condition of patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sarah Dewilde, M. F. Janssen, Nafthali H. Tollenaar, Fiammetta Vanoli, Rita Frangiamore, Glenn Phillips, Sandra Paci, Renato Mantegazza, Andreas Meisel, Frauke Stascheit
Summary: This study aims to assess the concordance between self- and physician-reported MG-ADL scores. The results show that patients and neurologists have a concordant assessment of the patient's MG symptoms when using the MG-ADL scale. This evidence supports patient self-administration of the MG-ADL in clinical practice and research.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicola Iacomino, Letizia Scandiffio, Fabio Conforti, Erika Salvi, Maria Cristina Tarasco, Federica Bortone, Stefania Marcuzzo, Ornella Simoncini, Francesca Andreetta, Daniela Pistillo, Emanuele Voulaz, Marco Alloisio, Carlo Antozzi, Renato Mantegazza, Tommaso Martino De Pas, Paola Cavalcante
Summary: The thymus plays a role in the development of autoimmunity in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Changes in gene expression related to muscle autoantigens, such as AChR α subunit (CHRNA1) and autoimmune regulator (AIRE), as well as tumor-related muscle-like proteins (NEFM, HSP60, RYR1, RYR3, TTN), were observed in MG thymuses with hyperplasia and thymoma. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for the development of MG in thymomas involving altered autoantigen expression and molecular mimicry.
Article
Immunology
Cristina Cappelletti, Raffaella Brugnoni, Silvia Bonanno, Francesca Andreetta, Franco Salerno, Eleonora Canioni, Gaetano Nicola Alfio Vattemi, Paola Tonin, Renato Mantegazza, Lorenzo Maggi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether the immune system could serve as a source of potential biomarkers for stratifying immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNMs) subtypes. The results showed a significant preponderance of M1 macrophages in muscle samples of both SRP+ and HMGCR(+) IMNM patients. Furthermore, TLR4 and IL-7 were identified as potential immune biomarkers for differentiating between SRP+ and HMGCR+ patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Vera Bril, James F. Howard Jr, Chafic Karam, Jan L. De Bleecker, Hiroyuki Murai, Kimiaki Utsugisawa, Peter Ulrichts, Edward Brauer, Sihui Zhao, Renato Mantegazza, Tuan Vu, ADAPT Study Grp
Summary: Efgartigimod is beneficial in improving muscle function and strength across all muscle groups in patients with gMG by reducing IgG concentration and showing significant improvements in Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) scores.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Cannone, Valeria Guglielmi, Giulia Marchetto, Chiara Tobia, Barbara Gnutti, Barbara Cisterna, Paola Tonin, Alessandro Barbon, Gaetano Vattemi, Marco Schiavone
Summary: Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are a group of hereditary neuromuscular disorders characterized by myofibrillar derangement, Z-disk disintegration, and protein aggregation. Mutations in genes encoding structural proteins or molecular chaperones are implicated in MFM pathogenesis. In this study, transgenic zebrafish overexpressing mutant MYOT or CRYAB genes showed severe morphological defects and protein aggregation, resembling human myofibrillar myopathy. These findings suggest that zebrafish can serve as a useful model for studying the pathogenesis of MFM and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Rita Frangiamore, Elena Rinaldi, Fiammetta Vanoli, Francesca Andreetta, Renato Mantegazza, Carlo Antozzi
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Carlo Antozzi, Renato Mantegazza
Summary: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness and fatigue. Standard therapies have limitations and there is a need for targeted treatments. Ravulizumab, a long-acting complement inhibitor, has shown effective and sustained improvement in patients with myasthenia gravis.
PATIENT-RELATED OUTCOME MEASURES
(2023)