Article
Cell Biology
Edmund Battey, Regula Furrer, Jacob Ross, Christoph Handschin, Julien Ochala, Matthew J. Stroud
Summary: PGC-1α plays a critical role in myonuclear accretion during adaptation to endurance training, especially in larger muscle fibers. Myonuclear accretion in PGC-1α mKO mice is slightly affected with increasing fiber size, but is significantly altered in trained larger fibers compared to sedentary mice, highlighting the importance of PGC-1α in myonuclear accretion in these fibers.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Boyu Yang, Qiongli Yu, Bo Chang, Qi Guo, Sitong Xu, Xuejie Yi, Shicheng Cao
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of AMPK/PGC-1 alpha pathway in mediating the secretion and/or production of MOTS-c in skeletal muscle, suggesting the roles of exercise intervention and recombinant MOTS-c in treating obesity and diabetes mellitus.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. W. Jones, L. Eddens, J. Kupusarevic, D. C. M. Simoes, M. J. W. Furber, K. A. van Someren, G. Howatson
Summary: The study did not find support for a molecular interference effect in cyclists under controlled conditions. There was no intensity-dependent regulation of AMPK, nor differential activation of anabolism with the manipulation of endurance exercise intensity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruno Ferreira Mendes, Liliane Vanessa Costa-Pereira, Jullia Alves de Andrade, Caique Olegario Diniz Magalhaes, Ramona Ramalho Souza de Pereira, Elizabethe Adriana Esteves, Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas, Eric Francelino Andrade, Fernando Gripp, Flavio Castro de Magalhaes, Kinulpe Honorato Sampaio, Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim, Marco Fabricio Dias-Peixoto
Summary: This study compares the cardiometabolic and cellular adaptative responses in rats after 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed in either a single or three shorter daily sessions. The results indicate that both training methods have similar effects on resting VO2 and VO(2)max, cardiac function, and mitochondria density, while the three shorter daily sessions of HIIT are more effective in reducing visceral fat weight, adipocyte size, and improving insulin tolerance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing-Feng Wang, Deng-Tai Wen, Shi-Jie Wang, Ying-Hui Gao, Xin-Yuan Yin
Summary: Atg2 is a key gene in autophagy formation and plays a crucial role in regulating aging progress. This study found that overexpression or knockdown of muscle Atg2 gene, combined with exercise intervention, significantly improved muscle function, cardiac function, and lifespan in aging flies. Overexpression and exercise both upregulated the expression of Atg2, AMPK, Sirt1, and PGC-1 alpha genes, and reduced muscle malondialdehyde and triglyceride levels. Notably, exercise also ameliorated age-related changes induced by Atg2 knockdown. The molecular mechanism involves the activation of the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1 alpha pathway, oxidation and antioxidant balance, and lipid metabolism in aging muscle.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ken Sato, Yoshida Satoshi, Yu Miyauchi, Fumiaki Sato, Risako Kon, Nobutomo Ikarashi, Yoshihiko Chiba, Tomoo Hosoe, Hiroyasu Sakai
Summary: This study revealed the negative effects of cisplatin on skeletal muscle, including reduced muscle mass, strength, and endurance. Cisplatin treatment also led to a decrease in mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA ratio and downregulation of the factor PGC-1 alpha, which is involved in mitochondrial biosynthesis and function. The downregulation of PGC-1 alpha may contribute to muscle weakness during cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Brendon J. Gurd, Eveline Soares Menezes, Benjamin B. Arhen, Hashim Islam
Summary: The purpose of this review is to explore the impacts of augmented training volume, intensity, and duration on the activation of key signaling proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. The results of the studies are inconsistent, with some supporting the effects of intensity and duration on AMPK and CaMKII activation, while others do not. The literature on PGC-1 alpha expression is also inconsistent, and a meta-analysis suggests that the small effect size and limitations in sample size and statistical power may contribute to this inconsistency.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Marco Ponzetti, Federica Aielli, Argia Ucci, Alfredo Cappariello, Giovanni Lombardi, Anna Teti, Nadia Rucci
Summary: LCN2 may negatively affect muscle physiology after high-intensity exercise, as seen in global knockout Lcn2(-/-) mice which exhibited differences in some aspects compared to wild type mice.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Vinicius Silva Faria, Fulvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto, Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot, Alessandro Moura Zagatto, Wladimir Rafael Beck
Summary: This study found that melatonin can enhance exercise tolerance, increase the expression of PGC-1 alpha, decrease muscle triglyceride content, and increase muscle glycogen content. This provides a better cellular metabolic environment for future exercise efforts.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weilei Yao, Baoyin Guo, Taimin Jin, Zhengxi Bao, Tongxin Wang, Shu Wen, Feiruo Huang
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism and effects of garcinol on the regulation of skeletal muscle fiber type transformation. The results showed that garcinol can downregulate the expression of fast myosin heavy chain and upregulate the expression of slow myosin heavy chain. In addition, garcinol promotes the conversion of skeletal muscle fibers from fast-glycolytic type to slow-oxidative type through the p300/PGC-1 alpha signaling pathway in C2C12 myotubes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Teemu Martikainen, Fjola Sigurdardottir, Christian Benedict, Torbjorn Omland, Jonathan Cedernaes
Summary: Short-term sleep restriction may increase the cardiac stress response to acute high-intensity exercise in healthy young individuals, although no significant differences were observed in resting conditions. This suggests that sleep plays a significant role in the body's performance during exercise.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prasanna Katti, Peter T. Ajayi, Angel Aponte, Christopher K. E. Bleck, Brian Glancy
Summary: This study discovered that contractile and mitochondrial network types in Drosophila muscles are regulated differently, and identified transcription factors H15 and cut as potential regulators of mitochondrial network organization. Further experiments showed that H15 regulates both contractile and mitochondrial network types in flight muscles, while only regulating mitochondrial network configuration in jump and leg muscles. Additionally, cut was found to regulate salm expression in flight muscles and mitochondrial network configuration in leg muscles.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eunhee Cho, Da Yeon Jeong, Jae Geun Kim, Sewon Lee
Summary: The study found that acute swimming exercise had limited effects on PGC-1α, UCP1, and other related signaling pathways, but could increase the protein expression of FNDC5 in the soleus muscle and UCP1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Peiyuan Li, Ruilin Xu, Yanfei Shi, Xiaoyang Shi, Xinyuan Zhang, Jinjie Li, Guangning Kou
Summary: This study found that luteolin can increase the proportion of slow myofibers and improve skeletal muscle fitness by activating the FLCN-AMPK-PGC-1α pathway.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Marta Montori-Grau, David Aguilar-Recarte, Mohammad Zarei, Javier Pizarro-Delgado, Xavier Palomer, Manuel Vazquez-Carrera
Summary: This study found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress downregulates the expression of PGC-1 alpha in skeletal muscle through the activation of ATF4 and the mTOR-CRTC2 pathway. These findings suggest that inhibition of ATF4 and the mTOR-CRTC2 axis could be a therapeutic target for insulin resistant states.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Elena Ivanova, Gentiana Sadikaj, Jessica E. Bourne, Mark Beauchamp, Jonathan P. Little, Mary E. Jung
Summary: The pilot test findings did not show that in-task affect during a supervised exercise program predicts changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, but in the moderate-intensity continuous training condition, in-task affect negatively predicted high-intensity physical activity over time. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results.
RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Angelo Sabag, Johnathan P. Little, Nathan A. Johnson
Summary: Low-volume HIIT, involving short bouts of high-intensity exercise, has shown to provide similar, or even greater, health benefits compared to traditional aerobic exercises. The improvements seen in cardiorespiratory health, glucose control, and cardiac function may be attributed to enhanced mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. Additionally, low-volume HIIT is well-tolerated and safe for adults, with high exercise adherence rates and minimal adverse effects reported.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cody Durrer, Sean McKelvey, Joel Singer, Alan M. Batterham, James D. Johnson, Kelsey Gudmundson, Jay Wortman, Jonathan P. Little
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kaja Falkenhain, Ali Daraei, Scott C. Forbes, Jonathan P. Little
Summary: This study provides the first systematic evaluation of the effects of exogenous ketones on blood glucose, showing that acute ingestion of ketone (monoester and salt) supplements can increase blood beta-hydroxybutyrate levels and decrease blood glucose levels. The study also finds that ketone monoesters have a greater effect compared to salts.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kaja Falkenhain, Sean R. Locke, Dylan A. Lowe, Terry Lee, Joel Singer, Ethan J. Weiss, Jonathan P. Little
Summary: This study aims to explore the factors associated with successful weight loss in the context of mobile health app use and user behavior. The results show that self-reported dietary adherence is the most important factor predicting weight loss, and there is a mediating relationship between app engagement or breath acetone levels and weight loss. User behavior and adherence-related factors differ between individuals who achieved clinically significant weight loss and those who did not.
JMIR MHEALTH AND UHEALTH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Helena Neudorf, Garett Jackson, Jonathan P. Little
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta HB) on the NLRP3 inflammasome in humans. The results showed that continuous consumption of C-8 medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil for 14 days did not suppress the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in young, healthy individuals. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between chronic inflammation and diseases.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Kaja Falkenhain, Hashim Islam, Jonathan P. Little
Summary: The topic of this review is the integrative physiological response to exogenous ketone supplementation.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Barbara F. Oliveira, Courtney R. Chang, Kate Oetsch, Kaja Falkenhain, Kara Crampton, Matthew Stork, Malvinder Hoonjan, Thomas Elliott, Monique E. Francois, Jonathan P. Little
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a low-carbohydrate breakfast on glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that a low-carbohydrate breakfast could reduce HbA1c levels, decrease overall energy and carbohydrate intake, and improve continuous glucose monitoring variables.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hossein Rafiei, Kosar Omidian, Courtney Rochelle Chang, Jonathan Peter Little
Summary: Non-invasive monitoring of insulin in saliva has potential to identify individuals with or at risk for insulin resistance. This study found that changes in saliva insulin levels accurately reflected changes in plasma insulin levels after high-carbohydrate and low-carbohydrate meals. Saliva insulin showed promise as a non-invasive method to distinguish between low and high plasma insulin and predict the degree of insulin resistance, with a 30-45 minute delay compared to plasma insulin.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kaja Falkenhain, Ali Daraei, Jonathan P. Little
Summary: Exogenous ketone monoesters can increase blood beta-OHB levels and decrease blood glucose levels. Two novel ketone supplements have been developed to improve the consumer experience, but their effects on blood beta-OHB and glucose are not yet known. In a pilot study, participants consumed three different ketone supplements and their blood levels of beta-OHB and glucose were measured. The ketone monoester had the highest effect on beta-OHB levels, while all three supplements had similar effects on blood glucose levels. Overall, the supplements were well-tolerated without causing hunger or gastrointestinal distress.
JOURNAL OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew J. Stork, Alexis Marcotte-Chenard, Mary E. Jung, Jonathan P. Little
Summary: This study aimed to explore the receptivity and effects of incorporating practical stair-climbing exercise snacks into workplace settings compared to traditional high-intensity interval training. The results showed that the participants had a more positive emotional response and lower perceived exertion during the stair-climbing exercise snacks. They also preferred the snacks and experienced increased sit-to-stand movements and tendency towards increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dylan Mackay, Tahmina Rahman, Jonathan Little, Susie Jin, Harpreet S. Bajaj
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alexandra M. Coates, Michael J. Joyner, Jonathan P. Little, Andrew M. Jones, Martin J. Gibala
Summary: Interval training is a simple concept that involves alternating between intense work and recovery periods, and it has long been used by athletes to improve performance and by inactive individuals to improve health. The lack of standardized terminology, especially in defining high-intensity interval training (HIIT), is a challenge. More research is needed to determine the optimal intensity and prescription for different contexts and populations.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Matthew J. Stork, Alexandre Santos, Sean R. Locke, Jonathan P. Little, Mary E. Jung
Summary: The study found that the affect-behavior relationship may vary depending on exercise type, with additional psychological constructs beyond in-task affect should be considered for predicting future physical activity behavior, especially for HIIT-based exercise.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mingyue Yin, Hansen Li, Mingyang Bai, Hengxian Liu, Zhili Chen, Jianfeng Deng, Shengji Deng, Chuan Meng, Niels B. J. Vollaard, Jonathan P. Little, Yongming Li
Summary: The present meta-analysis examined the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT) on cardiometabolic health and body composition. The results showed that LV-HIIT can improve cardiorespiratory fitness, lower blood pressure, and reduce fat mass, with no significant differences compared to moderate-intensity continuous training and high-volume HIIT.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
