Article
Food Science & Technology
Bernat Miralles-Perez, Maria Rosa Nogues, Vanessa Sanchez-Martos, Angels Fortuno-Mar, Sara Ramos-Romero, Josep L. Torres, Julia Ponomarenko, Susana Amezqueta, Xiang Zhang, Marta Romeu
Summary: The present study found that increasing consumption of inulin promoted high dominance of certain bacterial genera in feces while reducing richness and diversity. Additionally, inulin decreased cardiometabolic risk factors, eicosanoid levels in the liver, and oxidative stress in blood.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Margo P. Emont, Christopher Jacobs, Adam L. Essene, Deepti Pant, Danielle Tenen, Georgia Colleluori, Angelica Di Vincenzo, Anja M. Jorgensen, Hesam Dashti, Adam Stefek, Elizabeth McGonagle, Sophie Strobel, Samantha Laber, Saaket Agrawal, Gregory P. Westcott, Amrita Kar, Molly L. Veregge, Anton Gulko, Harini Srinivasan, Zachary Kramer, Eleanna De Filippis, Erin Merkel, Jennifer Ducie, Christopher G. Boyd, William Gourash, Anita Courcoulas, Samuel J. Lin, Bernard T. Lee, Donald Morris, Adam Tobias, Amit Khera, Melina Claussnitzer, Tune H. Pers, Antonio Giordano, Orr Ashenberg, Aviv Regev, Linus T. Tsai, Evan D. Rosen
Summary: White adipose tissue, once considered bland, is now seen as dynamic, plastic and involved in various biological processes. High-fat feeding and other metabolic stressors lead to significant changes in adipose tissue, linked to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Research provides detailed cellular atlases of human and mouse adipose tissue, highlighting interactions between different cell types in lean and obese states.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sriram Gubbi, Ranganath Muniyappa, Susmeeta T. Sharma, Shivraj Grewal, Raven McGlotten, Lynnette K. Nieman
Summary: Short-term administration of mifepristone improved adipose and hepatic insulin sensitivity in obese individuals with hyperglycemia but without hypercortisolism.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amanda A. Greenwell, Christina T. Saed, Seyed Amirhossein Tabatabaei Dakhili, Kim L. Ho, Keshav Gopal, Jordan S. F. Chan, Oksana O. Kaczmar, Scott A. Dyer, Farah Eaton, Gary D. Lopaschuk, Rami Al Batran, John R. Ussher
Summary: Ketogenic diets did not effectively promote fat loss or improve glucose homeostasis in obese mice, while a low-fat and high-complex carbohydrate diet resulted in beneficial changes in body composition and improved glucose tolerance. Therefore, caution should be taken when considering ketogenic diets as a non-pharmacological strategy for obesity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Samuel Klein, Randy J. Seeley
Summary: Many individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes experience diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, but there is disagreement regarding the underlying mechanisms. We present our perspective on conflicting datasets suggesting that the remission could be attributed solely to weight loss or weight loss-independent factors.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhuofan Yang, Zhuyu Li, Yunjiu Cheng, Peisong Chen, Dongyu Wang, Haitian Chen, Wei Chen, Zilian Wang
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between lipid trajectories during pregnancy and early postpartum glucose intolerance in women with GDM. The results showed that GDM women with lower LDL-c trajectories had a higher risk of postpartum glucose intolerance. On the other hand, high LDL-c trajectory may play a protective role in preventing postpartum glucose intolerance. Additionally, participants with different LDL-c trajectories showed significant differences in insulin sensitivity.
ACTA DIABETOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Geng-Ruei Chang, Po-Hsun Hou, Chao-Min Wang, Ching-Feng Wu, Huang-Kai Su, Huei-Jyuan Liao, To-Pang Chen
Summary: The study found that continual everolimus treatment reduced body weight gain, adipocyte size, fat pad weight, triglyceride levels, fatty liver scores, and glucose tolerance test values in mice with obesity, despite increased food consumption. However, the mice also exhibited decreased insulin sensitivity index, muscle Akt phosphorylation, GLUT4 expression, and impaired glucose tolerance, indicating potential risk of diabetes with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Amanda E. Brandon, Lewin Small, Tuong-Vi Nguyen, Eurwin Suryana, Henry Gong, Christian Yassmin, Sarah E. Hancock, Tamara Pulpitel, Sophie Stonehouse, Letisha Prescott, Melkam A. Kebede, Belinda Yau, Lake-Ee Quek, Greg M. Kowalski, Clinton R. Bruce, Nigel Turner, Gregory J. Cooney
Summary: Obesity is generally associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but there is a subset of obese individuals who remain insulin sensitive. Recent research suggests that high carbohydrate diets can cause obesity in mice without glucose intolerance. This study found that dietary manipulation can influence insulin action independently of adiposity, and specific ceramide species may be associated with these differences.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erin J. Stephenson, Amanda S. Stayton, Aarti Sethuraman, Prahlad K. Rao, Charles Klazer Gomes, Molly C. Mulcahy, Liam McAllan, Michelle A. Puchowicz, Joseph F. Pierre, Dave Bridges, Joan C. Han
Summary: This study found that sucrose intake induces sexually dimorphic effects and influences the severity of fatty liver disease and the contribution of fatty acid synthesis to hepatic triglycerides in a sex-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate the role of sex in sucrose-induced fatty liver and highlight the importance of extrahepatic metabolism in the pathogenesis of diet-induced fatty liver and NAFLD.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Carmem Peres Valgas Da Silva, Vikram K. Shettigar, Lisa A. Baer, Eaman Abay, Kelsey M. Pinckard, Jorge Vinales, Sarah L. Sturgill, Pablo Vidal, Mark T. Ziolo, Kristin I. Stanford
Summary: This study demonstrates that aerobic exercise can significantly improve survival after myocardial infarction (MI), independent of its effects on cardiac function. However, exercise does not have an impact on obesity and glucose intolerance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). This highlights the importance of considering environmental interventions, including diet, in the cardiac rehabilitation of obese patients.
Article
Biology
Xue Liu, Ahmed Elagamy Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil, Uthayakumar Muthukumarasamy, Yasuhiro Onogi, Xiaocheng Yan, Inderjeet Singh, Elena Lopez-Gonzales, Andreas Israel, Alberto Cebrian Serrano, Till Strowig, Siegfried Ussar
Summary: Moderate telomere shortening improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in aged mice by reducing intestinal lipid absorption and altering gut microbiota composition.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcelino Perez-Bermejo, Irene Mas-Perez, Maria Teresa Murillo-Llorente
Summary: Bisphenol A, a common endocrine disruptor found in daily products, is linked to obesity and diabetes due to its ability to mimic natural estrogen. This compound can stimulate adipocyte hypertrophy and alter the endocrine system. Despite some countries implementing policies, there is a lack of international agreement on the regulation of Bisphenol A exposure.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sowmya Shree Gopal, Shinde Vijay Sukhdeo, Baskaran Vallikannan, Ganesan Ponesakki
Summary: Lutein has antiobesity effects in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model, reducing adipose tissue weight, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose levels, as well as downregulating genes and proteins associated with obesity.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vipin A. Vidyadharan, Ancizar Betancourt, Craig Smith, Chandrasekhar Yallampalli, Chellakkan S. Blesson
Summary: Gestational low-protein diet disrupts mitochondrial ultrastructure and function in skeletal muscles of female offspring, potentially leading to insulin resistance. Key genes involved in mitochondrial structure and function are dysregulated in LP-programmed female offspring.
Article
Immunology
Olivia J. Gannon, Lisa S. Robison, Abigail E. Salinero, Charly Abi-Ghanem, Febronia M. Mansour, Richard D. Kelly, Alvira Tyagi, Rebekah R. Brawley, Jordan D. Ogg, Kristen L. Zuloaga
Summary: This study investigated the impact of diet-induced prediabetes and biological sex on cognitive function and neuropathology in mouse models of AD and MxD. The results showed that high-fat diet had more severe metabolic, cognitive, and neuropathological consequences in AD and MxD females compared to males.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Thomas J. Hawke
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Battsetseg Batchuluun, Stephen L. Pinkosky, Gregory R. Steinberg
Summary: Fatty acids play essential roles in cellular survival and function as bioenergetic substrates, structural components, and signaling molecules. Cells have evolved de novo lipogenesis (DNL) to generate fatty acids from alternative carbon sources. However, abnormal upregulation of DNL is associated with various pathologies. Inhibiting core enzymes of DNL represents a potential therapeutic strategy, and several synthetic DNL inhibitors are currently in development. Aberrant upregulation of DNL is implicated in conditions such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and cancers.
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paul F. Lebeau, Jae Hyun Byun, Khrystyna Platko, Paul Saliba, Matthew Sguazzin, Melissa E. MacDonald, Guillaume Pare, Gregory R. Steinberg, Luke J. Janssen, Suleiman A. Igdoura, Mark A. Tarnopolsky, S. R. Wayne Chen, Nabil G. Seidah, Jakob Magolan, Richard C. Austin
Summary: Caffeine inhibits the activation of SREBP2 to promote LDLc clearance and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lauren V. Turner, Maureen J. MacDonald, Michael C. Riddell, Jennifer Voth, Thomas J. Hawke
Summary: This study found that aging individuals with type 1 diabetes may have differences in cardiovascular health and skeletal muscle function, including lower grip strength and significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure, which may put them at risk of premature morbidity and mortality.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takefumi Kimura, Sai P. Pydi, Lei Wang, Dhanush Haspula, Yinghong Cui, Huiyan Lu, Gabriele M. Koenig, Evi Kostenis, Gregory R. Steinberg, Oksana Gavrilova, Juergen Wess
Summary: This study found that by activating adipocyte G(q) signaling, the increased lipolysis in obese individuals can be prevented, leading to improved glucose and lipid homeostasis. This has important implications for the development of novel anti-diabetic drugs based on GPCR.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Callie Travis, Priya S. Srivastava, Thomas J. Hawke, Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
Summary: This review summarizes the association between type 1 diabetes and complications affecting the musculoskeletal system, including diabetic bone disease and diabetic myopathy. It also discusses nonmechanical factors that may mediate premature musculoskeletal decline in this population and suggests preventative measures to reduce the burden of diabetes on the musculoskeletal system.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tiffany L. vanLieshout, Derek W. Stouth, Nicolas G. Hartel, Goutham Vasam, Sean Y. Ng, Erin K. Webb, Irena A. Rebalka, Andrew I. Mikhail, Nicholas A. Graham, Keir J. Menzies, Thomas J. Hawke, Vladimir Ljubicic
Summary: This study uncovers the broad impact of CARM1 in the maintenance and remodeling of skeletal muscle biology. The researchers found the presence of arginine methylation in skeletal muscle and demonstrated that CARM1 regulates the transcriptomic and arginine methylproteomic signatures in skeletal muscle, as well as the function and plasticity of the muscle.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Eric Delpire, Thomas J. Hawke, Mythreye Karthikeyan, Wei Kong, Alexander Nystroem, Shizuka Uchida, Liliana Schaefer
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Logan K. Townsend, Gregory R. Steinberg
Summary: Complex multicellular organisms rely on coordinated responses from multiple tissues and endocrine signals to maintain whole-body homeostasis in the face of energetic stressors such as fasting, cold, and exercise. AMPK, a master regulator of nutrient homeostasis, integrates these endocrine signals and controls autophagy, metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, cholesterol, and proteins. Understanding how AMPK responds to diverse homeostatic challenges helps us comprehend energy balance regulation and metabolic disorders.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Evangelia E. Tsakiridis, Marisa R. Morrow, Eric M. Desjardins, Dongdong Wang, Andrea Llanos, Bo Wang, Michael G. Wade, Katherine M. Morrison, Alison C. Holloway, Gregory R. Steinberg
Summary: Metabolic diseases are increasing worldwide and exposure to pesticides and pollutants may contribute to this trend. This study investigated the effects of the pesticide deltamethrin on metabolic disease development in mice fed a high-fat diet and housed at different temperatures. The results showed that low doses of deltamethrin improved metabolic parameters, while higher doses had no effect. Importantly, deltamethrin did not alter BAT thermogenesis markers or worsen obesity and insulin resistance in mice.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patricia Reboucas, Carine Fillebeen, Amy Botta, Riley Cleverdon, Alexandra P. Steele, Vincent Richard, Rene P. Zahedi, Christoph H. Borchers, Yan Burelle, Thomas J. Hawke, Kostas Pantopoulos, Gary Sweeney
Summary: Using global proteomics, we found significant impairment in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle of thalassemia mice, along with a shift in muscle fiber types and increased capillary density. These alterations led to metabolic dysfunction and reduced glucose handling capacity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suhrid Banskota, Huaqing Wang, Yun Han Kwon, Jaya Gautam, Sabah Haq, Jensine Grondin, Gregory R. Steinberg, Waliul I. Khan
Summary: Inhibiting NOX2 can alleviate colitis independently of AMPK, as shown by the study.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Emma S. Juracic, Aditya N. Brahmbhatt, Thomas J. Hawke
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Avery Hinks, Thomas J. J. Hawke, Martino V. V. Franchi, Geoffrey A. A. Power
Summary: During natural aging, skeletal muscle experiences impairments in mechanical performance due to changes in muscle architecture and size. The shortening of fascicle length, potentially reflective of a decrease in serial sarcomere number, is another important factor. Interventions such as stretching and eccentric-biased resistance training have been suggested to promote the growth of new serial sarcomeres and mitigate age-related impairments.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dongdong Wang, Logan K. Townsend, Genevieve J. DesOrmeaux, Sara M. Frangos, Battsetseg Batchuluun, Lauralyne Dumont, Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre, Elham Ahmadi, Sumei Hu, Irena A. Rebalka, Jaya Gautam, Maria Joy Therese Jabile, Chantal A. Pileggi, Sonia Rehal, Eric M. Desjardins, Evangelia E. Tsakiridis, James S. V. Lally, Emma Sara Juracic, A. Russell Tupling, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Guillaume Pare, Theodoros Tsakiridis, Mary-Ellen Harper, Thomas J. Hawke, John R. Speakman, Denis P. Blondin, Graham P. Holloway, Sebastian Beck Jorgensen, Gregory R. Steinberg
Summary: Caloric restriction is effective in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and improving insulin sensitivity, but weight loss is usually not maintained due to physiological adaptations that suppress energy expenditure. Treatment with recombinant GDF15 can reduce obesity and improve glycaemic control by suppressing food intake. Additionally, GDF15 counteracts compensatory reductions in energy expenditure, leading to greater weight loss and improvements in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to caloric restriction alone. This effect of GDF15 on maintaining energy expenditure during calorie restriction requires a GFRAL-beta-adrenergic-dependent signaling axis.