Article
Neuroimaging
Athina Papadopoulou, Frederike C. Oertel, Claudia Chien, Joseph Kuchling, Hanna G. Zimmermann, Nadja Siebert, Seyedamirhosein Motamedi, Marcus D' Souza, Susanna Asseyer, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Klemens Ruprecht, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Michael Scheel, Stefano Magon, Jens Wuerfel, Friedemann Paul, Alexander U. Brandt
Summary: In patients with NMOSD, LGN volume is reduced after ON but does not change longitudinally in the absence of ON, suggesting no occult neurodegeneration of the afferent visual pathway in NMOSD.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Richu Jin, Yongning Cai, Shiyang Zhang, Ting Yang, Haibo Feng, Hongyang Jiang, Xiaoqing Zhang, Yan Hu, Jiang Liu
Summary: Optic nerve fibers in the visual pathway are important for vision formation. The damages of these fibers can aid in diagnosing various eye and neurological diseases and efforts should be made to prevent these damages during neurosurgery and radiation therapy. Reconstructing optic nerve fibers from medical images can have numerous clinical applications. This paper reviews strategies for reconstructing optic nerve fibers, including image segmentation and fiber tracking, with a focus on the advantages of fiber tracking. Both conventional and AI-based approaches are discussed, with AI-based methods showing promising results. The paper concludes that AI-based methods, including generative AI, are the future for optic nerve fiber reconstruction.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Qianxue Mou, Ke Yao, Meng Ye, Bowen Zhao, Yuanyuan Hu, Xiaotong Lou, Huixia Li, Hong Zhang, Yin Zhao
Summary: This study reveals the potential role of the SIRT1-mTORC1 pathway in regulating microglia after optic nerve injury, highlighting the importance of microglia in neurodegeneration.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Berkeley K. Fahrenthold, Matthew R. Cavanaugh, Subin Jang, Allison J. Murphy, Sara Ajina, Holly Bridge, Krystel R. Huxlin
Summary: Unilateral optic tract (OT) shrinkage can be detected approximately 7 months poststroke with significant interindividual variability. Visual restoration training did not affect the amount of degeneration already sustained, but chronic patients with OT shrinkage close to 0 showed greater visual field recovery compared to those with OT shrinkage above 0.
Review
Ophthalmology
Anthony Arnold
Summary: The vascular supply of the optic nerve head is complex and remains unclear. Over the past 50 years, conflicting theories have evolved due to different research techniques used to study the contributions of various blood vessels.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lillian M. Toomey, Melissa G. Papini, Thomas O. Clarke, Alexander J. Wright, Eleanor Denham, Andrew Warnock, Terry McGonigle, Carole A. Bartlett, Melinda Fitzgerald, Chidozie C. Anyaegbu
Summary: Optic nerve injury leads to secondary degeneration, which is caused by mechanisms such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. This study investigates the occurrence of oxidative damage in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) at different time points post-injury and its relationship with therapeutic intervention for limiting degeneration. The results highlight the early occurrence of oxidative damage and apoptosis in OPCs and emphasize the importance of considering this in therapeutic efforts following optic nerve injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jiawei Xu, Jinkun Wen, Lanya Fu, Liqiang Liao, Ying Zou, Jiaqi Zhang, Junyao Deng, Haowen Zhang, Jingmin Liu, Xianghai Wang, Daming Zuo, Jiasong Guo
Summary: The depletion of RhoA in macrophages has a negative impact on Wallerian degeneration and nerve regeneration, mainly due to impaired migration and phagocytosis of macrophages resulting from disrupted RhoA/ROCK/MLCK pathway. Since previous research has shown that RhoA inhibition in neurons promotes axonal regeneration, the study highlights the importance of considering cellular specificity of RhoA-targeted drugs in future applications for treating peripheral nerve injuries.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ngan Pan Bennett Au, Raza Chand, Gajendra Kumar, Pallavi Asthana, Wing Yip Tam, Kin Man Tang, Chi-Chiu Ko, Chi Him Eddie Ma
Summary: This study discovered that a small molecule called M1 can promote mitochondrial fusion and transport, leading to the regeneration of axons and the recovery of visual function and neural activities after optic nerve injuries.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Darius W. Lambiri, Leonard A. Levin
Summary: This study models and explores the influence of H2O2 on axonal degeneration in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). It finds that zonal oxidative stress correlated with H2O2 gradients is associated with the observed injury patterns in LHON. Small injuries may trigger cascading failures of neighboring axons. These findings are consistent with clinical observations of LHON.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Chiaki Komatsu, Yolandi van der Merwe, Lin He, Anisha Kasi, Jeffrey R. Sims, Maxine R. Miller, Ian A. Rosner, Neil J. Khatter, An-Jey A. Su, Joel S. Schuman, Kia M. Washington, Kevin C. Chan
Summary: This study established an in vivo imaging model system using manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) to assess the integration of whole-eye transplantation (WET). The results demonstrated the presence of anterograde manganese transport after WET. The in vivo MEMRI method provides direct visualization and quantification of physiological transport along the transplanted visual pathway, making it useful for guiding strategies for successful WET integration for vision restoration.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jinqiao Sheng, Qi Li, Tingting Liu, Xiaofei Wang
Summary: This article reviews the important role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system, with a focus on the optic nerve. Imaging technologies for visualizing CSF dynamics and the latest advances in computational models for predicting CSF flow patterns are highlighted.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Samridhi Sharma, Nitin Chitranshi, Roshana Vander Wall, Devaraj Basavarajappa, Vivek Gupta, Mehdi Mirzaei, Stuart L. Graham, Alexander Klistorner, Yuyi You
Summary: There is a strong interrelationship between eye and brain diseases, as neurodegenerative changes can spread bidirectionally in the visual pathway. This process, known as trans-synaptic degeneration, contributes to the progression of various neurodegenerative disorders.
SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
James R. Tribble, Anna Hagstrom, Kenza Jusseaume, Emma Lardner, Raymond Ching-Bong Wong, Gustav Stalhammar, Pete A. Williams
Summary: Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, lacks effective treatments targeting the neurodegenerative component. Utilizing RNA sequencing data and antibody labeling in human eyes, the study identified that retinal ganglion cells express the NAD salvage pathway, particularly the enzyme NMNAT2, which declines in glaucoma. This suggests that retinal ganglion cells can utilize nicotinamide and offers potential for clinical trials in glaucoma.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Jonathan C. Horton, Mikayla D. Dilbeck, John R. Economides
Summary: This study examined the course of fibres through the optic chiasm by injecting different fluorescent tracers into each eye of a monkey. It found that a distinct, central compartment within the anterior two-thirds of the optic chiasm contains only crossing fibres, explaining why tumors often cause temporal visual field loss.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jie Chen, Hui Li, Changming Yang, Yinjia He, Tatsuo Arai, Qiang Huang, Xiaodong Liu, Linqing Miao
Summary: Traumatic nerve injury activates cell stress pathways, resulting in neuronal death and loss of vital neural functions. This study found that the citrus component naringenin provides neuroprotection through the inhibition of JUN phosphorylation in the JNK-JUN pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soumalya Sarkar, Vivek K. Gupta, Samridhi Sharma, Ting Shen, Veer Gupta, Mehdi Mirzaei, Stuart L. Graham, Nitin Chitranshi
Summary: Alterations in RXR signalling are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. This study identified deleterious SNPs that affect the structure and function of RXR isoforms. Seven missense mutations were found in RXR isoforms, including two novel mutations. In silico prediction tools were used to assess the pathogenicity and stability of RXR mutations. The analysis showed a mix of conclusive and inconclusive genotype-phenotype correlations.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Devaraj Basavarajappa, Vivek Gupta, Roshana Vander Wall, Veer Gupta, Nitin Chitranshi, Seyed Shahab Oddin Mirshahvaladi, Viswanthram Palanivel, Yuyi You, Mehdi Mirzaei, Alexander Klistorner, Stuart L. Graham
Summary: Glaucoma is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by optic nerve damage and apoptotic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Our study demonstrated that activation of neuronal S1PR1 with siponimod treatment can exert neuroprotection in glaucoma by upregulating Akt and Erk1/2 activation and suppressing the apoptotic signaling via modulation of the c-Jun/Bim cascade and increasing Bad phosphorylation. Conversely, deletion of S1PR1 in RGCs diminished the neuroprotective effects of siponimod treatment. These findings suggest that S1PR1 is a potential therapeutic target for neuroprotection in glaucoma.
Article
Cell Biology
Devaraj Basavarajappa, Vivek Gupta, Nitin Chitranshi, Roshana Vander Wall, Rashi Rajput, Kanishka Pushpitha, Samridhi Sharma, Mehdi Mirzaei, Alexander Klistorner, Stuart Graham
Summary: The S1PR1 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the survival of retinal ganglion cells and neurons in the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus. Siponimod, as a modulator of S1PR1, exerts direct neuroprotective effects in neurons in the central nervous system, independent of its peripheral immunomodulatory effects.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yosef Koronyo, Altan Rentsendorj, Nazanin Mirzaei, Giovanna C. Regis, Julia Sheyn, Haoshen Shi, Ernesto Barron, Galen Cook-Wiens, Anthony R. Rodriguez, Rodrigo Medeiros, Joao A. Paulo, Veer B. Gupta, Andrei A. Kramerov, Alexander V. Ljubimov, Jennifer E. Van Eyk, Stuart L. Graham, Vivek K. Gupta, John M. Ringman, David R. Hinton, Carol A. Miller, Keith L. Black, Antonino Cattaneo, Giovanni Meli, Mehdi Mirzaei, Dieu-Trang Fuchs, Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
Summary: Pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be found in the neurosensory retina, but their exact nature and distribution in relation to disease progression in the brain are still largely unknown. This study conducted extensive histopathological and biochemical investigations of postmortem retina and brain tissues from 86 human donors to better understand the pathological features of AD in the retina. The findings suggest a quantitative relationship between retinopathy, brain pathology, and cognitive impairment, and may lead to the development of reliable retinal biomarkers for noninvasive screening and monitoring of AD.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Haoshen Shi, Yosef Koronyo, Dieu-Trang Fuchs, Julia Sheyn, Ousman Jallow, Krishna Mandalia, Stuart L. Graham, Vivek K. Gupta, Mehdi Mirzaei, Andrei A. Kramerov, Alexander V. Ljubimov, Debra Hawes, Carol A. Miller, Keith L. Black, Roxana O. Carare, Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
Summary: This study found that vascular amyloid beta (Aβ) protein deposits were detected in retinas of mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and these deposits were linked to disease status. The study also revealed that the components of retinal vascular tight junctions (TJs) and Aβ expression were correlated with neuropathology. The severe decreases in retinal vascular zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5 were identified in MCI and AD patients, which correlated with arteriolar Aβ(40) deposition and cerebral pathology and cognitive deficits.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nitin Chitranshi, Rashi Rajput, Angela Godinez, Kanishka Pushpitha, Mehdi Mirzaei, Devaraj Basavarajappa, Veer Gupta, Samridhi Sharma, Yuyi You, Giovanna Galliciotti, Ghasem H. Salekdeh, Mark S. Baker, Stuart L. Graham, Vivek K. Gupta
Summary: Our research shows that oxidation deactivation impairs the inhibitory activity of the serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin (NS) in glaucoma. The loss of NS is detrimental to retinal structure and function, and perturbations in autophagy and microglial and synaptic markers are associated with NS ablation. On the other hand, upregulation of NS promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and protects against glaucoma-induced degeneration.
Article
Cell Biology
Samran Sheriff, Ting Shen, Sandra Abdal, Danit Saks, Mehdi Mirzaei, Veer Gupta, Nitin Chitranshi, Yuyi You, Angela Schultz, Stuart Graham, Vivek Gupta
Summary: Examining retinal tissue provides a unique method to quantify Alzheimer's disease-related changes. This meta-analysis investigated optical coherence tomography parameters and discovered that Alzheimer's disease patients had lower retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and thinner macular parameters compared to controls. Optical coherence tomography angiography parameters showed mixed results between Alzheimer's disease and controls. Overall, our findings suggest that optical coherence tomography technology can detect retinal and microvascular changes in Alzheimer's disease patients and aid in monitoring and early diagnosis.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Faezeh Shekari, Morteza Abyadeh, Anna Meyfour, Mehdi Mirzaei, Nitin Chitranshi, Vivek Gupta, Stuart L. Graham, Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
Summary: A large number of people around the world suffer from visual impairment, and the available therapies focus on preventing the progression of eye disorders. This review explores the potential of using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a regenerative therapy for eye-related complications. The review examines the current knowledge about EVs and their therapeutic applications, as well as the challenges in translating EV-based therapy into clinical settings.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liting Deng, Vivek Gupta, Morteza Abyadeh, Nitin Chitranshi, Kanishka Pushpitha, Yunqi Wu, Veer Gupta, Yuyi You, Joao A. Paulo, Stuart L. Graham, Mehdi Mirzaei, Paul A. Haynes
Summary: Photoreceptor cells are highly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which plays a key role in ocular diseases leading to retinal degeneration and blindness. A mass-spectrometric study using TMT labelling revealed proteome changes in photoreceptor cells following oxidative stress induction. Differential expression of proteins involved in various pathways was observed in response to oxidative stress, including ECM receptor interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, and spliceosome pathways.
Article
Ophthalmology
Danit G. Saks, Angela Schulz, Ayub Qassim, Henry Marshall, Alex W. Hewitt, Stuart Macgregor, Jamie E. Craig, Stuart L. Graham
Summary: Individuals with a higher genetic risk of glaucoma are more likely to have retinal vascular defects and structural glaucomatous loss, but this is not related to systemic cardiovascular risk.
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Devaraj Basavarajappa, Vivek Gupta, Nitin Chitranshi, Deepa Viswanathan, Veer Gupta, Roshana Vander Wall, Viswanthram Palanivel, Mehdi Mirzaei, Yuyi You, Alexander Klistorner, Stuart L. Graham
Summary: Glaucoma is a major cause of permanent blindness worldwide, characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Siponimod, an immunomodulatory drug, has shown protective effects against acute NMDA excitotoxicity in the retina. Activation of glial cells, inflammatory pathways, and the NLRP3 inflammasome were suppressed with siponimod treatment. These findings suggest that siponimod has anti-inflammatory effects and could be a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory conditions.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
