Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Gonzalo Perez de la Cruz, Veronica Perez de la Cruz, Javier Navarro Cossio, Gustavo Ignacio Vazquez Cervantes, Aleli Salazar, Mario Orozco Morales, Benjamin Pineda
Summary: Through the analysis of data from TCGA, CGGA, and GTEx projects, it was found that Kynureninase (KYNU) plays an important role in gliomas, and its expression is associated with malignancy and prognosis. Additionally, KYNU expression is positively correlated with genes related to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and immune infiltration in tumors. Therefore, KYNU may be a potential therapeutic target for modulating the tumor microenvironment and enhancing effective antitumor immune response.
Article
Cell Biology
Kunle Odunsi, Feng Qian, Amit A. Lugade, Han Yu, Melissa A. Geller, Steven P. Fling, Judith C. Kaiser, Andreanne M. Lacroix, Leonard D'Amico, Nirasha Ramchurren, Chihiro Morishima, Mary L. Disis, Lucas Dennis, Patrick Danaher, Sarah Warren, Van Anh Nguyen, Sudharshan Ravi, Takemasa Tsuji, Spencer Rosario, Wenjuan Zha, Alan Hutson, Song Liu, Shashikant Lele, Emese Zsiros, A. J. Robert McGray, Jessie Chiello, Richard Koya, Thinle Chodon, Carl D. Morrison, Vasanta Putluri, Nagireddy Putluri, Donald E. Mager, Rudiyanto Gunawan, Martin A. Cheever, Sebastiano Battaglia, Junko Matsuzaki
Summary: The study reveals that inhibition of IDO1 in ovarian cancer may result in metabolic adaptation and undermine antitumor T cell responses in the tumor microenvironment.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Robert T. Mankowski, Ryan M. Thomas, Dijoia B. Darden, Raad Z. Gharaibeh, Russell B. Hawkins, Michael C. Cox, Camille Apple, Dina C. Nacionales, Ricardo F. Ungaro, Marvin L. Dirain, Fredrick A. Moore, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Scott C. Brakenridge, Thomas L. Clanton, Orlando Laitano, Lyle L. Moldawer, Alicia M. Mohr, Philip A. Efron
Summary: Old adult mice showed significant alterations in gut microbiota after infection, while young adult mice maintained stability. These microbiota changes may contribute to worse outcomes in older adults after sepsis. Further research is needed to explore potential therapeutic targets.
Article
Oncology
Yvonne Grobben, Judith E. den Ouden, Cristina Aguado, Anne M. van Altena, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Guido J. R. Zaman
Summary: Ovarian cancer, particularly high-grade serous ovarian cancer, has a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which limits the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the role of amino acid-metabolizing enzymes in this environment by analyzing the levels of amino acids and corresponding metabolites in liquid biopsies of ovarian cancer patients. The enzymes IDO1 and IL4I1 were identified as active players, and a correlation between IL4I1 metabolite levels and disease stage was revealed. Further research on IL4I1 activity in ovarian cancer is needed to develop new immunotherapeutic strategies.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wan-rong Guo, Juan Liu, Li-dan Cheng, Zi-yu Liu, Xiao-bin Zheng, Hua Liang, Fen Xu
Summary: The research found that metformin can improve obesity and hepatic steatosis in obese mice, with effects not impaired by SIRT1 deficiency; however, in SIRT1-deficient mice, the effects of metformin on reducing serum transaminases levels were affected. The study demonstrates that metformin alleviates steatohepatitis in a SIRT1-dependent manner, and modulation of M1 polarization and cholesterol metabolism may be the underlying mechanism.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yali Xu, Jianfeng Duan, Dacheng Wang, Jiali Liu, Xiancheng Chen, Xian-Yang Qin, Wenkui Yu
Summary: Many patients in intensive care units, especially the elderly, suffer from persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS), which is characterized by digestive-system symptoms and gut failure. In this study, the protective effects of Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) in treating PICS were investigated using a mouse model. Both live and pasteurized Akk attenuated PICS, improved gut barrier function, and reshaped the intestinal microbial community.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marius Mihasan, Razvan Stefan Boiangiu, Doina Guzun, Cornelia Babii, Roshanak Aslebagh, Devika Channaveerappa, Emmalyn Dupree, Costel C. Darie
Summary: Proteomics study on Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans revealed extensive protein interactions in the energetic metabolism via the Krebs cycle and nicotine pathway, providing insight for future genetic engineering and bioremediation efforts. The mass-spectrometry-based data has been deposited for reference in the PRIDE partner repository under dataset identifier PXD012577.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ying Wan, Limei Piao, Shengnan Xu, Xiangkun Meng, Zhe Huang, Aiko Inoue, Hailong Wang, Xueling Yue, Xueying Jin, Yongshan Nan, Guo-Ping Shi, Toyoaki Murohara, Hiroyuki Umegaki, Masafumi Kuzuya, Xian Wu Cheng
Summary: Exposure to chronic psychological stress is a risk factor for inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Lysosomal cysteinyl cathepsins, particularly cathepsin S (CTSS), play a role in chronic stress-induced muscle wasting and dysfunction by affecting muscle protein metabolism and apoptosis.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Tessa J. Barrett, Emma M. Corr, Coen van Solingen, Florencia Schlamp, Emily J. Brown, Graeme J. Koelwyn, Angela H. Lee, Lianne C. Shanley, Tanya M. Spruill, Fazli Bozal, Annika de Jong, Alexandra A. C. Newman, Kamelia Drenkova, Michele Silvestro, Bhama Ramkhelawon, Harmony R. Reynolds, Judith S. Hochman, Matthias Nahrendorf, Filip K. Swirski, Edward A. Fisher, Jeffrey S. Berger, Kathryn J. Moore
Summary: This study found that psychological stress can lead to remodeling of the chromatin landscape and transcriptome reprogramming of monocytes, skewing them towards a hyperinflammatory state and causing an exaggerated response upon Toll-like receptor stimulation. These findings may explain how psychological stress confers a risk of inflammatory diseases.
Article
Oncology
Souvik Dey, Arpita Mondal, James B. DuHadaway, Erika Sutanto-Ward, Lisa D. Laury-Kleintop, Sunil Thomas, George C. Prendergast, Laura Mandik-Nayak, Alexander J. Muller
Summary: The study found that IDO1 expression and the ability to induce neovascularization in MDSCs were primarily associated with a specific subset of cells, designated as IDVCs. The dominant role of IDO1 activity in these cells provided a negative-feedback constraint on the antiangiogenic effect of host IFNγ.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amira M. Elmoslemany, Mohammed A. El-Magd, Heba Ghamry, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Nahla S. Zidan, Amina M. G. Zedan
Summary: The study found that avocado seed powder has a potential ameliorative effect on CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and also enhances CsA's immunosuppressive effect. Therefore, AvS could be a potential option for combination use with CsA to alleviate CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in transplantation treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paula Valente-Silva, Igor Cervenka, Duarte M. S. Ferreira, Jorge C. Correia, Sebastian Edman, Oscar Horwath, Benjamin Heng, Sharron Chow, Kelly R. Jacobs, Gilles J. Guillemin, Eva Blomstrand, Jorge L. Ruas
Summary: The study found that tryptophan supplementation can affect KP metabolite levels, while training can reduce neurotoxic metabolites; in mouse experiments, it was found that tryptophan supplementation did not significantly affect training adaptations, energy metabolism, or behavior.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eliza G. West, Donna J. Sellers, Russ Chess-Williams, Catherine McDermott
Summary: The study found that treatment with the SSRI sertraline reduced voiding dysfunction caused by water avoidance stress in mice, by decreasing voiding frequency and restoring bladder responses to pharmacological agents.
Article
Cell Biology
Jun Tian, Xiaoxing Kou, Runci Wang, Huan Jing, Chider Chen, Jianxia Tang, Xueli Mao, Bingjiao Zhao, Xi Wei, Songtao Shi
Summary: This study reveals a previously unknown role of autophagy in regulating MSCT therapy via exosomal miRNA Mir7k.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Obara-Michlewska
Summary: The kynurenine pathway plays a significant role in central nervous system pathologies and tumor formation, particularly in gliomas. The upregulation of the enzyme IDO in this pathway is a recognized hallmark of malignant transformation, leading to immunomodulatory adaptations and resistance to therapeutics.
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Niels Rochow, Gerhard Fusch, Anaam Ali, Akshdeep Bhatia, Hon Yiu So, Renata Iskander, Lorraine Chessell, Salhab el Helou, Christoph Fusch
Summary: This study investigated the impacts of target fortification on preterm growth and metabolism by adjusting breast milk macronutrients. It found that target fortification can enhance nutrient intake, weight gain, and overall weight of preterm infants, especially those from mothers with low breast milk protein content.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Rana Esmaeilizand, Taciano Rocha, Ava Harrison, Shari Gray, Gerhard Fusch, Myrna Dolovich, Amit Mukerji
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Shirin Moossavi, Michelle E. Fontes, Laura Rossi, Gerhard Fusch, Michael G. Surette, Meghan B. Azad
Summary: This study investigated the culturable milk microbiota using culture-enriched molecular profiling, revealing that short-term freezing can alter the composition of viable milk bacteria, although individual variability remains consistent.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
W. Otten, T. Bartels, S. Heimbuerge, A. Tuchscherer, E. Kanitz
Summary: The study found that exposure to artificial light reduces hair cortisol concentrations in pigs and cattle, with black hair showing higher cortisol levels. Furthermore, the influence of light exposure was greater on white hair, while melanin pigments in black hair absorbed radiation, reducing the effects of photodegradation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
T. Bartels, J. Berk, K. Cramer, E. Kanitz, W. Otten
Summary: The study analyzed the effects of corticosterone supplementation on feather corticosterone concentrations (fCORT) in layer pullets, finding that increased corticosterone levels led to decreased body weight, shorter and lighter feathers, and a delayed molt. The results suggest that fCORT measurement can be a useful tool for evaluating long-term stress in chickens and may have implications for animal welfare research.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
T. Bartels, J. Berk, K. Cramer, E. Kanitz, W. Otten
Summary: The study found that prior contamination of feathers with excreta can significantly increase corticosterone concentration in laying hens, which remains detectable even after washing.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Quentin L. Sciascia, Cornelia Prehn, Jerzy Adamski, Gurbuz Das, Iris S. Lang, Winfried Otten, Solvig Goers, Cornelia C. Metges
Summary: Protein imbalance during pregnancy can affect offspring growth and increase the risk of metabolic diseases, but studies in a porcine model showed that this impact may not significantly affect offspring metabolism compared to a balanced diet, suggesting that the placenta and developing offspring have considerable plasticity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephanie Fusch, Gerhard Fusch, Efrah Yousuf, Markus Rochow, Hon Yiu So, Christoph Fusch, Niels Rochow
Summary: This study analyzed the macronutrient composition of different commercially available fortifiers and the effect of different fortification strategies on nutritional intake of preterm infants. Standard fortification, breast milk batching, and partial lyophilization of human milk resulted in deficient and imbalanced enteral intakes in a significant proportion of infants. Target fortification reduced this variation in a higher percentage of samples.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
W. Otten, S. Heimbuerge, A. Tuchscherer, E. Kanitz
Summary: Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is used as an indicator of long-term stress or pathologies. However, contamination can lead to the incorporation of external cortisol, affecting the HCC results. This study investigated the effects of urine contamination on HCC in different hair segments of pigs and cattle, and found that contamination generally increased HCCs, with a greater impact on distal hair segments. Therefore, it is important to avoid contamination when collecting hair samples for HCC analysis, and preferably use proximal hair segments.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Liza R. Moscovice, Ulrike Gimsa, Winfried Otten, Anja Eggert
Summary: Animals respond to rewarding or punishing stimuli with changes in core affective states, and this study investigates these changes in young pigs through the evaluation of salivary cortisol and oxytocin concentrations in different social contexts. The results suggest that pigs show differences in cortisol and oxytocin responses based on the nature of the social challenge.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Franziska Koch, Winfried Otten, Helga Sauerwein, Henry Reyer, Bjoern Kuhla
Summary: Chronic heat stress negatively affects the bovine immune and inflammatory responses, but does not seem to involve the immune cells and chemokines related to gut immune and inflammatory processes. These findings have significant implications for human and animal health.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
I. Czycholl, K. Buettner, D. Becker, C. Schwennen, W. Baumgaertner, W. Otten, M. Wendt, C. Puff, J. Krieter
Summary: This study focuses on the health of tail biting animals and compares them to control animals. The results show that biters have noticeable differences in behavior, body weight, hair condition, and stomach pathology. They also have lower protein and albumin levels in the blood samples, as well as deficiencies in several minerals. Therefore, the study suggests that behavioral tests and appropriate nutrient supply are important for preventing tail biting.
PORCINE HEALTH MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Winfried Otten, Susen Heimbuerge, Armin Tuchscherer, Ellen Kanitz
Summary: Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was investigated in 41 multiparous Holstein Friesian cows at different stages of lactation. The study found that cortisol concentration in natural hair was highest 200 days postpartum and showed moderate positive correlation with cumulative milk yield at 300 days postpartum. There was also a positive correlation between urea concentration in milk and cortisol levels in regrown hair at 200 days, and between somatic cell count in milk and HCC in natural and regrown hairs 200 days postpartum. These findings suggest that physiological loads during lactation may be associated with increased HCC levels.
DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Devika Singh, Gerhard Fusch
Summary: This study investigated how variations in study design methods can significantly influence noise levels in NICU ventilators. Results showed that small changes in experimental settings, such as positioning and distance from the nasal prongs, can greatly impact noise levels, particularly above the recommended levels for neonates.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zheng Jing Hu, Gerhard Fusch, Catherine Hu, Jie Yi Wang, Zoe el Helou, Muhammad Taaha Hassan, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Salhab el Helou, Lehana Thabane
Summary: The reporting quality of QI studies in neonatology is inadequate, with journal endorsement of SQUIRE 2.0 guideline being a significant factor in improving reporting completeness.