Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hasan Ashraf, Pradyumna Agasthi, Anusha Shanbhag, Ramila A. Mehta, Pattara Rattanawong, Mohamed Allam, Sai Harika Pujari, Farouk Mookadam, William K. Freeman, Komandoor Srivathsan, Dan Sorajja, Win-Kuang Shen, Peter A. Noseworthy, Eric H. Yang, Hicham Z. El Masry, Xiaoxi Yao, Siva K. Mulpuru, Nirat Beohar, David R. Holmes, Reza Arsanjani
Summary: This study found that inappropriate underdosing of DOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation did not decrease the risk of bleeding, systemic embolization, or all-cause mortality. In particular, inappropriate underdosing of apixaban was associated with increased all-cause mortality.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daobo Li, Yingying Liu, Tesfaldet Habtemariam Hidru, Xiaolei Yang, Yunsong Wang, Cheng Chen, Ka Hou Christien Li, Yuqi Tang, Yushan Wei, Gary Tse, Yunlong Xia
Summary: Background hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL). Some studies have reported that Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can prevent AF/AFL, but others haven't. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between SGLT2i use and lower risks of AF/AFL.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Arjun K. Pandey, Iva Okaj, Hargun Kaur, Emilie P. Belley-Cote, Jia Wang, Alireza Oraii, Alexander P. Benz, Linda S. B. Johnson, Jack Young, Jorge A. Wong, Subodh Verma, David Conen, Hertzel Gerstein, Jeff S. Healey, William F. McIntyre
Summary: SGLT inhibitors may reduce AF events and are likely to have a similar reducing effect on heart failure hospitalization/cardiovascular death in patients with and without AF histories.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Donghwan Yun, Hyun-Lim Yang, Soonil Kwon, So-Ryoung Lee, Kyungju Kim, Kwangsoo Kim, Hyung-Chul Lee, Chul-Woo Jung, Yon Su Kim, Seung Seok Han
Summary: The developed Transformer-based deep learning model with self-supervised learning by masked signal modeling demonstrates robust performance in segmenting AF/AFL in single-lead electrocardiograms.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sylvie Perreault, Alice Dragomir, Robert Cote, Aurelie Lenglet, Simon de Denus, Marc Dorais, Brian White-Guay, James Brophy, Mireille E. Schnitzer, Marie-Pierre Dube, Jean-Claude Tardif
Summary: This study compares the effectiveness and safety of different doses of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with warfarin or other DOACs for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The results show that low-dose dabigatran has better effectiveness but worse safety compared to warfarin, while low-dose apixaban has better safety than warfarin.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sushravya Raghunath, John M. Pfeifer, Alvaro E. Ulloa-Cerna, Arun Nemani, Tanner Carbonati, Linyuan Jing, David P. Van Maanen, Dustin N. Hartzel, Jeffery A. Ruhl, Braxton F. Lagerman, Daniel B. Rocha, Nathan J. Stoudt, Gargi Schneider, Kipp W. Johnson, Noah Zimmerman, Joseph B. Leader, H. Lester Kirchner, Christoph J. Griessenauer, Ashraf Hafez, Christopher W. Good, Brandon K. Fornwalt, Christopher M. Haggerty
Summary: Deep learning can predict new-onset atrial fibrillation from the 12-lead ECG in patients without a previous history of AF, thereby helping to identify individuals at risk for AF-related strokes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maciej T. Wybraniec, Kamil Gorny, Kamil Jablonski, Julia Jung, Kiryl Rabtsevich, Przemyslaw Szyszka, Fabian Wesolek, Karolina Bula, Malgorzata Cichon, Wojciech Wrobel, Katarzyna Mizia-Stec
Summary: Unlike AF, AFl has a lower pharmacological cardioversion efficacy and higher rate of electrical cardioversion use. AFl patients have a longer hospitalization time, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and more pronounced cardiovascular risk factors compared to AF patients. The efficacy of amiodarone in pharmacological cardioversion is significantly lower in AFl patients than in AF patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jibin Wang, Xiaotai Wu
Summary: This study focuses on automatic detection of arrhythmias using BiLSTM and BiGRU network modules with feature recalibration approach, achieving high accuracy of 99.2% and 99.3% respectively, demonstrating great potential for various computer vision tasks.
APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jien-Jiun Chen, Fu-Chun Chiu, Sheng-Nan Chang, Hsiao-Liang Cheng, Pang-shuo Huang, Cho-Kai Wu, Yi-Chih Wang, Juey-Jen Hwang, Chia-Ti Tsai
Summary: This pioneer study investigated the impact of pre-existing left atrial appendage occluder (LAAO) on atrial fibrillation (AF) substrates and outcomes of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Results showed that LAAO may modulate left atrial substrate and induce peridevice fibrosis, peridevice left atrial flutter, and complex fractionate atrial electrogram.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ole-Christian Walter Rutherford, Christian Jonasson, Waleed Ghanima, Fabian Soderdahl, Sigrun Halvorsen
Summary: A study on elderly atrial fibrillation patients aged 65 and above using oral anticoagulants found that NOACs compared to warfarin had similar risks of stroke/SE but lower or similar risks of bleeding. The findings suggest that NOACs are a safe option for elderly patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Wengen Zhu, Zi Ye, Shilan Chen, Dexi Wu, Jiangui He, Yugang Dong, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Chen Liu
Summary: This meta-analysis compared the effectiveness and safety of different non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients, suggesting that apixaban might be a better choice for stroke prevention.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hifza Buhari, Jiming Fang, Lu Han, Peter C. Austin, Paul Dorian, Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Amy Y. X. Yu, Moira K. Kapral, Sheldon M. Singh, Karen Tu, Dennis T. Ko, Clare L. Atzema, Emelia J. Benjamin, Douglas S. Lee, Husam Abdel-Qadir
Summary: This study aimed to examine the relationship between sex differences in age and cardiovascular care and stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF). The results showed that females had higher rates of stroke in AF even after adjusting for other factors. Older age and inequities in cardiovascular care partially explained the higher stroke rates in females with AF.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Jia-hui Li, Hai-yang Xie, Yan-qiao Chen, Zhong-jing Cao, Qing-hui Tang, Xiao-gang Guo, Qi Sun, Jian Ma
Summary: The study aimed to describe the incidence of AF in patients with typical AFL after CTI ablation and found that obstructive sleep apnea, advanced interatrial block, left atrial diameter > 42 mm, and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score > 2 were independent risk factors for new-onset AF.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Omar A. Ibrahim, Emilie P. Belley-Cote, Kevin J. Um, Adrian Baranchuk, Alexander P. Benz, Shreyash Dalmia, Chang N. Wang, Waleed Alhazzani, David Conen, P. J. Devereaux, Richard P. Whitlock, Jeff S. Healey, William F. McIntyre
Summary: The study found that single oral dose Class 1C AADs are effective and safe for cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Flecainide and propafenone were more effective than amiodarone at the nearest 8-hour timepoint.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Armin Luik, Kerstin Schmidt, Annika Haas, Laura Unger, Panagiotis Tzamalis, Bernd Brueggenjuergen
Summary: The treatment of atrial tachycardia following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is often challenging, but new ablation approaches have shown promising results. However, long-term data on the freedom from any atrial tachycardia or any arrhythmia are still limited. This study presents 12-month success and mean 30 month follow-up data of catheter ablation of left atrial tachycardia, demonstrating high long-term clinical success rates with individual ablation strategies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Primary Health Care
Helen Strongman, Emily Herrett, Rod Jackson, Michael Sweeting, Alexander R. Lyon, Susannah Stanway, Claire Lawson, Umesh Kadam, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaran
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether cancer diagnosis should be included in cardiovascular risk scores. The results showed that including a 1-year cancer survivorship variable in a QRISK3-based model met the threshold for inclusion for males, but not females. When considering cancer type, the threshold was met for both sexes with a history of haematological cancer, and for males but not females with a history of solid cancers. Developers should consider including cancer history variables in future cardiovascular risk models.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Patrick Bidulka, Rohini Mathur, David G. Lugo-Palacios, Stephen O'Neill, Anirban Basu, Richard J. Silverwood, Paul Charlton, Andrew Briggs, Liam Smeeth, Amanda Adler, Ian J. Douglas, Kamlesh Khunti, Richard Grieve
Summary: This study assessed the disparities in the prescription of second-line antidiabetic treatments among people with type 2 diabetes in England based on ethnicity and social deprivation. The findings showed no significant differences in the percentage of different types of antidiabetic medications prescribed as second-line treatment based on ethnicity or deprivation level.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jennifer A. Davidson, Amitava Banerjee, Ian Douglas, Clemence Leyrat, Richard Pebody, Helen McDonald, Emily Herrett, Harriet Forbes, Liam Smeeth, Charlotte Warren-Gash
Summary: This study reveals that the incidence of first myocardial infarction and stroke is reduced 1-3 months after influenza vaccination. However, it is still unclear how underlying cardiovascular risk affects this association.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Robert H. Gilman, Liam Smeeth, William Checkley, J. Jaime Miranda
Summary: The study evaluated the agreement between the equation and bio-impedance analysis methods in estimating skeletal muscle mass and assessed the association between skeletal muscle mass and all-cause mortality risk in different geographical sites in Peru. The study found a strong correlation and agreement between skeletal muscle mass estimates obtained by the equation and bio-impedance analysis. However, an association between skeletal muscle mass and all-cause mortality only exists when using the equation.
TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
William J. Hulme, Elizabeth Williamson, Elsie M. F. Horne, Amelia Green, Helen I. I. McDonald, Alex J. J. Walker, Helen J. J. Curtis, Caroline E. Morton, Brian MacKenna, Richard Croker, Amir Mehrkar, Seb Bacon, David Evans, Peter Inglesby, Simon Davy, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Anna Schultze, Christopher T. Rentsch, Laurie Tomlinson, Ian J. Douglas, Stephen J. W. Evans, Liam Smeeth, Tom Palmer, Ben Goldacre, Miguel A. Hernan, Jonathan A. C. Sterne
Summary: The COVID-19 vaccines were developed and evaluated through randomized trials, but important questions remain unanswered. Observational studies and target trial emulation can provide valuable insights, although potential biases need to be managed. This article presents two approaches to emulate target trials using observational data.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Liam Smeeth, Catherine Kyobutungi
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Charlotte Warren-Gash, Jennifer A. Davidson, Helen Strongman, Emily Herrett, Liam Smeeth, Judith Breuer, Amitava Banerjee
Summary: This study investigated the association between cardiovascular risk and severe COVID-19 among adults in England. The findings showed that individuals without diagnosed cardiovascular disease but with raised cardiovascular risk were more likely to experience severe COVID-19 outcomes, suggesting the importance of prioritizing their prevention and treatment.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sophie V. Eastwood, Alun D. Hughes, Laurie Tomlinson, Rohini Mathur, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Nishi Chaturvedi
Summary: This study found ethnic differences in hypertension management in the UK, with better management among South Asians and poorer management among African/African Caribbean individuals. These differences may be associated with medication adherence and treatment persistence. Therefore, a nationwide strategy is necessary to understand and address the ongoing management disparities among people on antihypertensive medications.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Langenberg, Aroon D. Hingorani, Christopher J. M. Whitty
Summary: Globally, the number of people with multiple co-occurring diseases is expected to rise in the future, which will have significant implications for various stakeholders. To address this challenge, there needs to be a shift in clinical, educational, and scientific thinking, emphasizing the maintenance of generalist skills alongside specialized medical education and research. Multimorbidity is not uniform, but varies across different factors, such as age, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and geography. Data-driven research can help quantify the impact of disease co-occurrence and identify common clusters, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of multimorbidity and the provision of efficient and integrated healthcare services for patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mona M. Almramhi, Chris Finan, Catherine S. Storm, Amand F. Schmidt, Demis A. Kia, Rachel Coneys, Sandesh Chopade, Aroon D. Hingorani, Nick W. Wood
Summary: The study suggests that RAC2 is a genetic modifier of MS risk and supports a causal effect of HDL-C on MS risk.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jeremy P. Brown, Kevin Wing, Clemence Leyrat, Stephen J. Evans, Kathryn E. Mansfield, Angel Y. S. Wong, Liam Smeeth, Nicholas W. Galwey, Ian J. Douglas
Summary: By using multiple study designs and databases, this study found that the association between fluoroquinolone use and aortic aneurysm or dissection may be influenced by confounding factors. After adjusting for these confounding factors, no association was found between fluoroquinolone use and aortic aneurysm or dissection. These results provide reassurance regarding the safety of fluoroquinolones in relation to aortic aneurysm or dissection.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Christopher T. Rentsch, Victoria Gar, Rohini Mathur, Sophie V. Eastwood, Liam Smeeth, Nish Chaturvedi, Krishnan Bhaskaran
Summary: Sex-specific risks for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) across the full glycemic spectrum were examined. Both men and women with pre-diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes were at higher risks of CVD than those with normal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), with relative increases more pronounced in women. Modifiable factors, such as obesity and the use of antihypertensive and statin medications, largely explained the excess risks in both men and women. Attention to weight reduction strategies and greater use of antihypertensive and statin medications could reduce sex disparities in risk of CVD among people with and without diabetes.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Julia M. Pescarini, Emanuelle F. Goes, Priscila Fernanda Porto Scaff Pinto, Beatriz Pinheiro Schindler Dos Santos, Daiane B. Machado, Ibrahim Abubakar, Laura C. Rodrigues, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Liam Smeeth, Mauricio L. Barreto
Summary: This study examined mortality risk patterns among internal and international migrants in Brazil using data from the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort. The findings showed that international migrants had lower all-cause mortality compared to non-migrants, while internal migrants had similar all-cause mortality to Brazilian non-migrants.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Enny S. Paixao, Andrea J. F. Ferreira, Julia M. Pescarini, Kerry L. M. Wong, Emanuelle Goes, Rosemeire Fiaccone, Guilherme Lopes de Oliveira, Poliana Reboucas, Andrey Moreira Cardoso, Liam Smeeth, Mauricio L. Barreto, Laura C. Rodrigues, Maria Yury Ichihara
Summary: This study estimated the ethnoracial inequalities in maternal and congenital syphilis in Brazil, indicating that Black and Parda/Brown women are at a higher risk. Effective control of high-risk populations is necessary for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jeremy P. Brown, Kevin Wing, Clemence Leyrat, Stephen J. Evans, Kathryn E. Mansfield, Angel Y. S. Wong, Liam Smeeth, Nicholas W. Galwey, Ian J. Douglas
Summary: The association between fluoroquinolone use and aortic aneurysm or dissection may be affected by confounding factors. When confounding is taken into account, there is no significant association, providing reassurance about the safety of fluoroquinolones with respect to aortic aneurysm or dissection. Fluoroquinolone use does not increase the risk of developing aortic aneurysm or dissection.