Article
Agronomy
Lina Qiu, Nannan Liu, Huifang Wang, Xiaohan Shi, Feng Li, Qiang Zhang, Weidong Wang, Weilong Guo, Zhaorong Hu, Hongjie Li, Jun Ma, Qixin Sun, Chaojie Xie
Summary: In this study, the powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW39 was transferred from Israeli wild emmer wheat accession IW39 to a susceptible common wheat line 87-1, resulting in the development of a powdery mildew-resistant common wheat line 8D49. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance in 8D49 was controlled by a single dominant gene, MlIW39, located on chromosome 2B in a 460.3 kb genomic interval. Fine mapping and annotation of neighboring genes provided a foundation for map-based cloning of MlIW39, with potential marker-assisted selection using co-segregating markers 7Seq622 and 7Seq727.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dimitra Dimitrellou, Panagiotis Kandylis, Evangelos Kokkinomagoulos, Magdalini Hatzikamari, Argyro Bekatorou
Summary: This study developed emmer-based beverages fortified with fruit juices and fermented with a potential probiotic strain. Adding juices significantly affected the physicochemical properties of the beverages, increasing antioxidant activity and displaying high apparent viscosity and water-holding capacity. Fruit juices helped maintain high viable counts of probiotics, making emmer-based beverages a potential alternative to dairy products.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
N. Watanabe, P. Martinek
Summary: This study investigated the glaucousness in Triticum urartu and identified two rare glaucous types of Triticum dicoccoides, highlighting the importance of non-glaucousness in plant adaptation. The majority of T. dicoccoides are non-glaucous, but the discovery of glaucous variants suggests the potential for genetic diversity in glaucous traits among closely related species.
GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Elzbieta Suchowilska, Wolfgang Kandler, Marian Wiwart, Rudolf Krska
Summary: Tritordeum grain has lower thousand kernel weight and ash content compared to durum wheat and barley, but it contains higher levels of potassium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and cobalt.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Chiara Broccanello, Diana Bellin, Giovanni DalCorso, Antonella Furini, Francesca Taranto
Summary: Addressing climate change challenges in durum wheat production is crucial for ensuring food and nutrition security in the Mediterranean region. Exploiting the genetic variability in landrace populations has emerged as a strategy to enhance durum wheat adaptation to environmental stresses. This review highlights the importance of durum wheat landraces as a genetic resource for improving the sustainability of Mediterranean agroecosystems, focusing on adaptive traits and the development of molecular markers for selection.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hedia Manai-Djebali, Salma Nait-Mohamed, Majdi Hammami, Ahmed Mliki, Abdelwahed Ghorbel
Summary: This study investigated five modern varieties of durum wheat harvested in northern Tunisia, analyzing their technological and nutritional characteristics. The results showed that all wheat samples had low grain glassiness values, fatty acidity, and moisture levels, while having high thousandths weight, weight, and monounsaturated fatty acids. They also contained appreciable amounts of gluten and total protein. Dihydroferulic acid was identified as the most abundant phenolic compound. The wheat variety strongly influenced technological and chemical parameters, as shown by chemometric tools.
BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yuanyuan Wang, Guang Chen, Fanrong Zeng, Zhigang Han, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Meng Zeng, Zujun Yang, Fei Xu, Dezhi Wu, Fenglin Deng, Shengchun Xu, Caspar Chater, Abraham Korol, Sergey Shabala, Feibo Wu, Peter Franks, Eviatar Nevo, Zhong-Hua Chen
Summary: This study assessed the natural variation of drought tolerance in wild cereal crops and found that different growth conditions have shaped the stomatal and photosynthetic traits of these crops differently. The research identified specific genes correlated with these differences and verified their role in drought tolerance. These findings provide valuable genetic information for breeding resilient wheat and barley in the face of a changing global climate.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa, Walid Ben Romdhane, Anis Ben Hsouna, Fatma Amor, Chantal Ebel, Rania Ben Saad
Summary: In this study, 19 GASA genes were identified and analyzed in Triticum turgidum. Their chromosomal locations, exon-intron distribution, physiochemical properties, and subcellular localization were determined. Differential expression patterns of these genes in various tissues and under different stress conditions were observed, indicating their potential roles in growth, development, and stress responses. The heterologous expression of certain GASA genes in yeast showed improved stress tolerance, suggesting their involvement in abiotic stress mechanisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Domenica Nigro, Antonio Blanco, Luciana Piarulli, Massimo Antonio Signorile, Pasqualina Colasuonno, Emanuela Blanco, Rosanna Simeone
Summary: Powdery mildew (PM) is a significant foliar disease of cultivated cereals worldwide, and cultivating disease-resistant varieties is considered the most efficient strategy for disease management. This study fine mapped the chromosomal region containing the wild emmer PM resistance locus Pm36 and identified candidate genes using improved tetraploid wheat genomic resources. Ten high-confidence protein coding genes were found in the Pm36 region, which can be used for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Salma Jallouli, Zoubeir Chamekh, Sawsen Ayadi, Ines Zouari, Houcem Chabchoub, Zied Hammami, Chahine Karmous, Youssef Trifa
Summary: Maintaining high grain yield and genotype performance stability under drought stress is challenging for wheat breeders. This study investigated the agronomic performance of six durum wheat genotypes in different climatic conditions in Tunisia, with results showing varying responses to drought stress and highest yield in the sub-humid region under rainfed conditions.
CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Agronomy
Bo Wang, Ting Meng, Bei Xiao, Tianying Yu, Tingyan Yue, Yuli Jin, Pengtao Ma
Summary: Powdery mildew of wheat is a highly destructive disease that poses a serious threat to crop yield and quality worldwide. Genetic research on powdery mildew (Pm) resistance has made significant progress, with the identification and cloning of many Pm genes from wheat and its wild and domesticated relatives. Moreover, modern breeding strategies, such as high-throughput sequencing and genome editing, are being developed to enhance intelligence and customization in breeding for powdery mildew resistance in wheat.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hyeon-Ju Seo, Kyoung-Sik Han
Summary: The study found that the consumption of kamut may alleviate dyslipidemia by improving triglyceride level and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the colon of rats.
TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Oluwaseyi Shorinola, James Simmonds, Luzie U. Wingen, Cristobal Uauy
Summary: There are a variety of genomic and genotypic resources available for wheat researchers and breeders. However, generating high-quality phenotyping data that captures gene x environment interactions remains a challenge. By using historical data from national variety performance trials, researchers examined temporal trends and gene x environment interactions for traits related to yield, adaptation, and grain quality performance in UK winter wheat varieties. They found non-stationary linear trends for several traits and identified significant marker-trait associations on wheat chromosome 6A. These findings highlight the value of utilizing historical data for studying breeding progress and the genetic architecture of important traits.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Benedetta Saccomanno, Pierre Berbezy, Kim Findlay, Jennifer Shoesmith, Cristobal Uauy, Bruno Viallis, Kay Trafford
Summary: The physicochemical and agronomic properties of a new form of bread wheat lacking B-type starch granules were evaluated. The study found that BlessT mutant lines, which lack small B-type starch granules, showed similar characteristics to normal lines in terms of most starch, flour, grain, and loaf properties. However, the BlessT starches had higher water absorption, reduced grain hardness, and higher protein content, resulting in increased elasticity of the dough. The research suggests that it is possible to produce commercial wheat varieties lacking B-type starch granules without compromising yield.
JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Anna E. Backhaus, Ashleigh Lister, Melissa Tomkins, Nikolai M. Adamski, James Simmonds, Iain Macaulay, Richard J. Morris, Wilfried Haerty, Cristobal Uauy
Summary: Large transcriptional gradients exist within a wheat spike and are associated with rudimentary basal spikelet development, resulting in the characteristic lanceolate shape of wheat spikes. The basal spikelets are developed first and exhibit small size and rudimentary development. SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE MADS-box transcription factors, such as VRT-A2, are expressed highest in the basal section of the wheat spike. Higher expression of VRT-A2 in the basal sections of the spike is associated with increased numbers of rudimentary basal spikelets. Delayed transition of basal spikelets from vegetative to floral developmental programs results in the lanceolate shape of wheat spikes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guy Polturak, Martin Dippe, Michael J. Stephenson, Rajesh Chandra Misra, Charlotte Owen, Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez, John F. Haidoulis, Henk-Jan Schoonbeek, Laetitia Chartrain, Philippa Borrill, David R. Nelson, James K. M. Brown, Paul Nicholson, Cristobal Uauy, Anne Osbourn
Summary: By analyzing gene coexpression networks, researchers identified six pathogen-induced biosynthetic pathways in wheat that produce different classes of compounds, including defense-related compounds. Their study significantly advances the understanding of chemical defenses in wheat and provides new avenues for enhancing disease resistance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Yi Chen, Yinqi Liu, Junli Zhang, Adam Torrance, Nobuyoshi Watanabe, Nikolai M. Adamski, Cristobal Uauy
Summary: This study proposes the MADS-box transcription factor SVP-A1 as a candidate gene for the P2 locus on chromosome 6A. By analyzing mapping populations and identifying the SVP-A1 gene polymorphisms associated with glume and floral organ length, the importance of the SVP-A1 gene is further confirmed.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura E. Dixon, Marianna Pasquariello, Roshani Badgami, Kara A. Levin, Gernot Poschet, Pei Qin Ng, Simon Orford, Noam Chayut, Nikolai M. Adamski, Jemima Brinton, James Simmonds, Burkhard Steuernagel, Iain R. Searle, Cristobal Uauy, Scott A. Boden
Summary: Plant and inflorescence architecture play a crucial role in determining crop yield potential. This study identified genes in wheat that regulate inflorescence development, leading to increased flower-bearing spikelets and enhanced grain protein content. These findings have significant implications for improving the nutritional quality of crops.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Riccardo Fusi, Serena Rosignoli, Haoyu Lou, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Riccardo Bovina, Jacob K. Pattem, Aditi N. Borkar, Marco Lombardi, Cristian Forestan, Sara G. Milner, Jayne L. Davis, Aneesh Lale, Gwendolyn K. Kirschner, Ranjan Swarup, Alberto Tassinari, Bipin K. Pandey, Larry M. York, Brian S. Atkinson, Craig J. Sturrock, Sacha J. Mooney, Frank Hochholdinger, Matthew R. Tucker, Axel Himmelbach, Nils Stein, Martin Mascher, Kerstin A. Nagel, Laura De Gara, James Simmonds, Cristobal Uauy, Roberto Tuberosa, Jonathan P. Lynch, Gleb E. Yakubov, Malcolm J. Bennet, Rahul Bhosale, Silvio Salvi
Summary: Root angle in crops is an important trait for efficient utilization of soil resources. This study identifies a regulatory gene called EGT1 that controls root angle by affecting cell wall stiffness in elongating root cortical tissue. Mutations in the EGT1 gene result in a striking root phenotype with steeper growth angles in barley and wheat. These findings suggest that EGT1 plays a crucial role in exerting an antigravitropic mechanism to control root angle in cereal crops.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stuart D. Desjardins, James Simmonds, Inna Guterman, Kostya Kanyuka, Amanda J. Burridge, Andrew J. Tock, Eugenio Sanchez-Moran, F. Chris H. Franklin, Ian R. Henderson, Keith J. Edwards, Cristobal Uauy, James D. Higgins
Summary: FANCM suppresses crossovers in plants and maintains obligatory crossovers in wheat, promoting generation of novel allelic combinations. It plays a role in first-end capture and non-crossover formation. Additionally, fancm could be an effective tool for accelerating breeding in wheat.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Marina Millan-Blanquez, Matthew Hartley, Nicholas Bird, Yann Manes, Cristobal Uauy, Scott A. Boden
Summary: A high-throughput phenotyping approach was developed to quantify stigma and ovary morphology in wheat. The study revealed a well-defined developmental process of unpollinated carpels, which is important for understanding female fertility in wheat.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sophie A. Harrington, James M. Connorton, Natasha I. M. Nyangoma, Rose McNelly, Yvie M. L. Morgan, Mohamad F. Aslam, Paul A. Sharp, Alexander A. T. Johnson, Cristobal Uauy, Janneke Balk
Summary: Targeted expression of transgenes in wheat enhances the nutritional quality of the grain by increasing the concentration and redistribution of iron and zinc. The transgenic approach led to a two-fold increase in zinc and a three-fold increase in iron in the grain, as well as improved bioaccessibility of these minerals in white flour.
Article
Plant Sciences
Anna Elisabeth Backhaus, Cara Griffiths, Angel Vergara-Cruces, James Simmonds, Rebecca Lee, Richard J. Morris, Cristobal Uauy
Summary: There are large differences in the number of grains per spikelet in wheat spikes. Central spikelets have the highest grain count, while apical and basal spikelets are less productive, with the most basal ones being rudimentary. The abortion of basal spikelets is likely due to complete floret abortion, and their developmental age pre-anthesis is strongly associated with increased abortion rate. Improvement in spikelet homogeneity could focus on enhancing basal spikelet establishment and increasing floret development rates pre-abortion. Rudimentary basal wheat spikelets are a result of delayed development, not reduced assimilate availability.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mirjana Lilic, Neil A. Holmes, Matthew J. Bush, Alexandra K. Marti, David A. Widdick, Kim C. Findlay, Young Joo Choi, Ruby Froom, Steven Koh, Mark J. Buttner, Elizabeth A. Campbell
Summary: Studies have revealed diverse molecular mechanisms regulating transcriptional initiation in different bacterial clades, including the essential role of WhiA and WhiB factors in cell division gene expression. Cryoelectron microscopy structures of Sven transcriptional regulatory complexes have provided insights into the molecular interactions of WhiA and WhiB with RNA polymerase and DNA, shedding light on their significance in developmental cell division.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)