Article
Biology
Sebastian Loyola, Tycho M. Hoogland, Hugo Hoedemaker, Vincenzo Romano, Mario Negrello, Chris I. De Zeeuw
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between inhibitory and excitatory inputs to inferior olive neurons, finding that the timing between these inputs determines the output pattern of the neurons. Activating the excitatory input shortly after the inhibitory input leads to unstable phase of intrinsic oscillations and minimal output, while activating the excitatory input one cycle after the inhibitory input optimally drives spiking activity. A large-scale network model simulation highlights the extent to which synaptic interactions generate oscillatory patterns in the inferior olive.
Article
Optics
M. Dillane, E. A. Viktorov, B. Kelleher
Summary: Neuromorphic computing has gained attention for its potential in ultrafast, controllable spike processing. This study demonstrates that optically injected dual-state quantum dot lasers can exhibit both leaky integrate-and-fire and integrate-and-inhibit mechanisms, resembling the behavior of biological neurons. This discovery contributes to the field of neuromorphic photonics.
Article
Biology
Haleigh N. Mulholland, Bettina Hein, Matthias Kaschube, Gordon B. Smith
Summary: The study found that before visual experience, spontaneous activity in inhibitory neurons is already highly organized in distributed modular networks, in quantitative agreement with excitatory networks. Additionally, excitatory and inhibitory networks are strongly co-aligned at different scales.
Article
Biology
Remy A. Yovanno, Tsung Han Chou, Sarah J. Brantley, Hiro Furukawa, Albert Y. Lau
Summary: This study investigated the mechanisms of D-serine in receptor activation and found that D-serine competes with glutamate for binding to GluN2A. The inhibitory effect of D-serine at high concentrations was confirmed through electrophysiology experiments.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saray Soldado-Magraner, Michael J. Seay, Rodrigo Laje, Dean V. Buonomano
Summary: This study demonstrates that standard homeostatic plasticity rules cannot generate inhibition-stabilized dynamics, while a family of cross-homeostatic rules can robustly lead to the emergence of stable dynamics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaohan Zhang, Xiaoyang Long, Sheng-Jia Zhang, Zhe Sage Chen
Summary: Spatially modulated grid cells have been discovered in the rat secondary visual cortex (V2), but their computational mechanism and functional significance remain unknown. In this study, a biologically inspired neural network was trained to perform a 2D spatial navigation task. Grid-like responses were observed in both excitatory and inhibitory units, and population responses revealed a low-dimensional, torus-like manifold and attractor. The study also found a link between functional grid clusters and structured excitatory-to-excitatory connections, as well as the emergence of multistable torus-like attractors with increasing sparsity in connectivity. Irregular grid patterns were also observed in recurrent neural network units during a visual sequence recognition task. These findings suggest common computational mechanisms of V2 grid cells for spatial and non-spatial tasks.
Article
Neurosciences
Evan C. Rosenberg, Simon Chamberland, Michael Bazelot, Erica R. Nebet, Xiaohan Wang, Sam McKenzie, Swati Jain, Stuart Greenhill, Max Wilson, Nicole Marley, Alejandro Salah, Shanice Bailey, Pabitra Hriday Patra, Rebecca Rose, Nicolas Chenouard, Simon(e) D. Sun, Drew Jones, Gyorgy Buzsaki, Orrin Devinsky, Gavin Woodhall, Helen E. Scharfman, Benjamin J. Whalley, Richard W. Tsien
Summary: CBD reduces seizures in pediatric epilepsies, possibly by blocking the effects of LPI at synapses and reducing hyperexcitability.
Review
Mathematics, Applied
Nicolas Torres, Maria J. Caceres, Benoit Perthame, Delphine Salort
Summary: The elapsed time model, a subject widely studied in mathematical neuroscience, focuses on the dynamics of interacting neurons structured by the time since their last discharge. The model presents challenges in highly connected networks with strong nonlinearities, leading to the use of perturbation methods. Different cases of inhibitory, weakly excitatory, and strongly excitatory scenarios are analyzed, showing convergence to stationary states and existence of periodic solutions. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the theoretical results.
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guang-ying Li, Qiu-zi Wu, Tian-jia Song, Xue-chu Zhen, Xiang Yu
Summary: Normal brain function relies on the complex neural network, which is formed and maintained through synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Deficiency in growth hormone can lead to brain development abnormalities and impair learning and memory, while growth hormone replacement therapy has been shown to ameliorate cognitive deficits. However, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yeyao Chen, Gangyi Jiang, Mei Yu, Haiyong Xu, Yo-Sung Ho
Summary: This paper proposes an unsupervised wide-FOV high dynamic range (HDR) LF imaging method that reconstructs a wide-FOV HDR LF image from a set of source LF images. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in performance.
INFORMATION FUSION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Moe Okayasu, Tensei Inukai, Daiki Tanaka, Kaho Tsumura, Reiko Shintaki, Masaki Takeda, Kiyoshi Nakahara, Koji Jimura
Summary: The Stroop effect is a well-known phenomenon where language and color information interfere with each other. In this study, researchers found that the interference occurs during perception of color-word stimuli and involves a functional connection between the lateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Furthermore, the prefrontal cortex amplifies cerebellar activity while the cerebellum suppresses prefrontal activity, suggesting the involvement of a fronto-cerebellar loop in goal-directed behavior during perceptual conflicts.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Mihai Ceanga, Vahid Rahmati, Holger Haselmann, Lars Schmidl, Daniel Hunter, Anna-Katherina Brauer, Sabine Liebscher, Jakob Kreye, Harald Pruess, Laurent Groc, Stefan Hallermann, Josep Dalmau, Alessandro Ori, Manfred Heckmann, Christian Geis
Summary: The presence of anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies in patients with NMDAR encephalitis leads to an imbalance in neuronal activity, resulting in severe disease symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. This imbalance is characterized by reduced neuronal excitability, decreased signaling through certain receptors, and faster inhibitory responses. The study also found changes in the hippocampal proteome, indicating potential therapeutic targets.
Article
Cell Biology
Carlo Emanuele Villa, Cristina Cheroni, Christoph P. Dotter, Alejandro Lopez-Tobon, Barbara Oliveira, Roberto Sacco, Aysan Cerag Yahya, Jasmin Morandell, Michele Gabriele, Mojtaba R. Tavakoli, Julia Lyudchik, Christoph Sommer, Mariano Gabitto, Johann G. Danzl, Giuseppe Testa, Gaia Novarino
Summary: Mutations in the CHD8 gene are a common cause of autism spectrum disorder. This study used human cerebral organoids to investigate the effects of CHD8 haploinsufficiency on neurodevelopment. The researchers found that CHD8 haploinsufficiency disrupted the generation of inhibitory and excitatory neurons, resulting in an imbalance in their proportions. By studying genotype-phenotype relationships and cell-autonomous nature, the study identified cell-type-specific molecular defects associated with CHD8 mutations.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Dongcheng Zhao, Yi Zeng, Yang Li
Summary: This study proposes a deep spiking neural network (SNN) architecture called BackEISNN, which incorporates adaptive self-feedback and balanced excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate that BackEISNN accelerates network convergence and improves accuracy, achieving state-of-the-art performance on multiple standard datasets.
Article
Neurosciences
Hyun Seok Moon, Haiyan Jiang, Thanh Tan Vo, Won Beom Jung, Alberto L. Vazquez, Seong-Gi Kim
Summary: This study investigated the roles of inhibitory and excitatory activity in the cortex using various methods, revealing different effects on BOLD fMRI between stimulating excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons, with the latter showing biphasic responses and higher sensitivity to stimulation frequency.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xiao-Ke Xu, Lin Wang, Sen Pei
Summary: The study uncovered a Simpson's paradox in the association between gross domestic product and coronavirus disease 2019 transmission in Chinese cities, which was attributed to the different patterns of short-range and long-range multiscale mobility from Wuhan to other cities.
JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sen Pei, Xian Teng, Paul Lewis, Jeffrey Shaman
Summary: By optimizing the selection of surveillance site locations, accurate forecasting of respiratory diseases is feasible for locations without surveillance. Monitoring regional population centers serves as a reasonable proxy to guide surveillance efforts.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yuchen Qi, Jeffrey Shaman, Sen Pei
Summary: The study found that NPIs implemented in 2020 had significant effects on reducing the incidence and transmission of seasonal influenza in the United States, with more than 60% reduction in certain influenza strains during the initial 10 weeks. The reduction in influenza transmission varied geographically, and the potential accumulation of susceptibility to influenza infection post-NPIs may lead to large outbreaks, whose scale could be impacted by the duration of intervention and immunity to influenza. Healthcare systems should prepare for potential surges in influenza patients and promote vaccination and ongoing precautions.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sen Pei, Fredrik Liljeros, Jeffrey Shaman
Summary: Research on transmission of antimicrobial-resistant organisms in healthcare settings using a data-driven model and contact networks to accurately identify colonization probability of patients, showing effectiveness in identifying asymptomatic carriers and supporting targeted interventions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yiqun Ma, Sen Pei, Jeffrey Shaman, Robert Dubrow, Kai Chen
Summary: The study found that lower air temperature, lower specific humidity, and lower ultraviolet radiation were significantly associated with increased transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, with humidity playing the largest role. In total, 17.5% of R-t was attributable to meteorological factors, with higher attributions in northern counties than in southern counties.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sen Pei, Teresa K. Yamana, Sasikiran Kandula, Marta Galanti, Jeffrey Shaman
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tapio Schneider, Oliver R. A. Dunbar, Jinlong Wu, Lucas Boettcher, Dmitry Burov, Alfredo Garbuno-Inigo, Gregory L. Wagner, Sen Pei, Chiara Daraio, Raffaele Ferrari, Jeffrey Shaman
Summary: Traditional epidemic management methods like testing, contact tracing, and isolation face challenges in scaling up, while exposure notification apps have the potential for digital expansion. This study presents network data assimilation (DA) to enhance and improve contact networks, providing users with continuous assessment of individual exposure and infection risks, which can effectively control epidemics.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yuliang Chen, Tao Liu, Xiaolin Yu, Qinghui Zeng, Zixi Cai, Haisheng Wu, Qingying Zhang, Jianpeng Xiao, Wenjun Ma, Sen Pei, Pi Guo
Summary: This study proposes an ensemble forecast system for dengue fever, which addresses the challenge of predicting outbreaks with different scales. By combining a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model with the ensemble adjusted Kalman filter (EAKF) algorithm, the system generates real-time forecasts of dengue fever spread dynamics and adjusts the predicted outbreak size based on updated information. The system outperforms a generalized additive model approach in accurately projecting peak timing, peak intensity, and total incidence in retrospective forecasts of dengue outbreaks in Guangzhou, China.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sen Pei, Sasikiran Kandula, Jaime Cascante Vega, Wan Yang, Steffen Foerster, Corinne Thompson, Jennifer Baumgartner, Shama Ahuja, Kathleen Blaney, Jay Varma, Theodore Long, Jeffrey Shaman
Summary: This study analyzes contact tracing records during the second wave of the pandemic in New York City to understand the operational performance of contact tracing and reconstruct exposure and transmission networks at individual and ZIP code levels. The findings reveal a spatial pattern of SARS-CoV-2 spread and highlight communities that are tightly interconnected by exposure and transmission.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhanwei Du, Lin Wang, Songwei Shan, Dickson Lam, Tim K. Tsang, Jingyi Xiao, Huizhi Gao, Bingyi Yang, Sheikh Taslim Ali, Sen Pei, Isaac Chun-Hai Fung, Eric H. Y. Lau, Qiuyan Liao, Peng Wu, Lauren Ancel Meyers, Gabriel M. Leung, Benjamin J. Cowling
Summary: Hong Kong has implemented strict measures to control the COVID-19 epidemic waves, but the impact of these measures has been reduced in the fourth wave due to pandemic fatigue. Through telephone surveys and mathematical models, the study analyzes the impact of pandemic fatigue on risk perception and self-protective behaviors, highlighting the importance of mitigating pandemic fatigue in controlling the spread of COVID-19.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Renquan Zhang, Xiaolin Wang, Sen Pei
Summary: In this study, we focus on real-world applications of spreading processes in complex networks, aiming to deliver information to specific target nodes. We formulate the targeted influence maximization problem using a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model and develop a theoretical framework based on message passing and non-backtracking (NB) matrices to find practical solutions. We introduce a metric called targeted collective influence to identify influential spreaders for targeted spreading processes, and our method outperforms other competing heuristic approaches in both synthetic and real-world networks.
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sukhyun Ryu, Changhee Han, Sheikh Taslim Ali, Chiara Achangwa, Bingyi Yang, Sen Pei
Summary: This study aimed to explore the impact of nationwide public health and social measures, including school vacations, on the transmissibility and attack rate of the HFMD epidemic in South Korea. The results showed that school vacations and public health and social measures were significantly associated with the reduction in HFMD transmissibility and attack rate.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiao-Ke Xu, Xiao Fan Liu, Lin Wang, Ye Wu, Xin Lu, Xianwen Wang, Sen Pei
Summary: The early spatial spread of COVID-19 in China during early 2020 was mainly driven by outbound travelers from Wuhan. Previous studies have focused on the influence of outbound population flows from Wuhan, but the role of different transportation modes and network structures in the spread of COVID-19 is not well understood. This study examines the impact of road, railway, and air transportation networks on the spread of COVID-19 in China. It finds that short-range spread within Hubei province was primarily influenced by railway transportation, while long-range spread to other provinces was influenced by multiple factors, including air transportation and larger outbreak size in hub cities.
FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Renquan E. Zhang, Jilei Tai, Sen E. Pei
Summary: Mathematical models are used to infer unobserved infections and support decision-making in outbreak control. In this study, an ensemble inference method is used to infer unobserved infections using partial observations, accounting for uncertainty in model parameters. This method shows robustness in inferring unobserved infections and can be applied to large-scale networks.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pei Sen, Teresa K. Yamana, Sasikiran Kandula, Marta Galanti, Jeffrey Shaman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 was characterized by increasing ascertainment rates, high population susceptibility, and rising community infectious rates, with infection fatality rate decreasing towards the end of the year.
